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Probing The Equation Of State Of Neutron Stars With Heavy Ion Collisions
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Book Synopsis Probing the Equation of State of Neutron Stars with Heavy Ion Collisions by : Om Bhadra Khanal
Download or read book Probing the Equation of State of Neutron Stars with Heavy Ion Collisions written by Om Bhadra Khanal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The equation of state (EOS) is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, important for studying the structure of systems as diverse as the atomic nucleus and the neutron star. Nuclear reactions, especially heavy-ion collisions in the laboratories, can produce the nuclear matter similar to those contained in neutron stars. The density and the momentum dependence of the EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter, especially the symmetry energy term, is widely unconstrained. Finding appropriate constrains, especially at higher densities of the nuclear matter, requires the development of new devices, new experimental measurements as well as advances in theoretical understanding of nuclear collisions and neutron stars. The main goal of the study’s experiment was to further constrain the density and the momentum dependence of the symmetry energy by looking at various observables like neutron to proton ratios, particle flow and the two-particle correlations in 58,64Ni+40,48Ca collisions at E/A=56 MeV/u and 140 MeV/u. That experiment was performed at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. Measuring neutrons was an important goal of that experiment and it was done using the Large Area Neutron Array at NSCL. However, that detector by itself cannot identify neutrons from charged particles. Thus, our group at WMU constructed a charged particle detector that was placed in front of LANA that was used to veto the charged particles hitting LANA. My research involved building, testing, and commissioning of that charged particle detector, called WMU Veto Wall. In this study I focus mostly on commissioning and calibrating of the WMU Veto Wall. I also demonstrate how our detector improves the neutron identification in LANA. Furthermore, I construct charged particles spectra from the Veto Wall and used them to construct pseudo-neutrons which are like real neutrons.
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions with A written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of the final stages of the coalescence of two neturon stars (such as the binary pulsar PSR 1913+16) is an unsolved problem in astrophysics. Such systems are probably efficient generators of gravitational radiation, and may be significant contributors to heavy-element nucleosynthesis. The input physics for the study of such systems is similar to that required for the strudy of heavy-ion collision hydrodynamics; e.g., a finite temperature nuclear equation of state, properties of nuclei away from stability, etc. We discuss the development of a relativistic hydrodynamics code in three spatial dimensions for the purpose of studying such neutron-star systems. The properties of the mass-radius relation (determined by the nuclear equation of state) may lead to a proposed mechanism by which hot, highly neutronized matter is ejected from the coalescing stars. This material is photodisintegrated into a free (mostly) neutron gas which may subsequently experience rapid-neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis. 15 refs., 4 figs.
Book Synopsis Imposing Multi-physics Constraints at Different Densities on the Neutron Star Equation of State by : Suprovo Ghosh
Download or read book Imposing Multi-physics Constraints at Different Densities on the Neutron Star Equation of State written by Suprovo Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron star matter spans a wide range of densities, from that of nuclei at the surface to exceeding several times normal nuclear matter density in the core. While terrestrial experiments, such as nuclear or heavy-ion collision experiments, provide clues about the behaviour of dense nuclear matter, one must resort to theoretical models of neutron star matter to extrapolate to higher density and finite neutron/proton asymmetry relevant for neutron stars. In this work, we explore the parameter space within the framework of the Relativistic Mean Field model allowed by present uncertainties compatible with state-of-the-art experimental data. We apply a cut-off filter scheme to constrain the parameter space using multi-physics constraints at different density regimes: chiral effective field theory, nuclear and heavy-ion collision data as well as multi-messenger astrophysical observations of neutron stars. Using the results of the study, we investigate possible correlations between nuclear and astrophysical observables.
Book Synopsis Sensitivity of Neutron Star Properties to the Equation of State by : Farrooh Fattoyev
Download or read book Sensitivity of Neutron Star Properties to the Equation of State written by Farrooh Fattoyev and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The subject of this doctoral dissertation is to study the equations of state of nuclear and neutron-star matter. We tackle this problem by employing several models of the relativistic effective interactions. The relativistic effective interactions and their applications to the ground-state properties of medium to heavy nuclei have enjoyed enormous success for the past three decades. With just a few model parameters calibrated to the ground state properties of the closed-shell nuclei, these models exhibit and encode a great amount of physics. However, theses models are untested far away from their narrow window of applicability. In particular, while these models tend to agree on the saturation properties of symmetric nuclear matter, they largely disagree on its density and isospin dependence, especially in the region of high densities and large proton-neutron asymmetries. In order to better understand the properties of nuclear matter at these extreme regions of isospin asymmetry and high-densities, we will apply these models to predict several neutron star properties. Since the matter in the neutron stars are very neutron-rich, while the density of matter in neutron stars spans over a wide range of magnitudes, these compact objects remain unique laboratories for probing the equation of state of neutron-rich matter under conditions unattainable by terrestrial experiments. Thus it is expected that at least the following neutron star properties must be sensitive to the underlying equation of state- maximum mass, typical radii, moments of inertia (both total and crustal), redshifts, and cooling mechanism. We present numerical solutions and in some cases also analytical solutions to each of the properties above. In particular, the sensitivity of the stellar moment of inertia to the neutron-star matter equation of state is examined using accurately-calibrated relativistic mean-field models. We probe this sensitivity by tuning both the density dependence of the symmetry energy and the high density component of the equation of state, properties that are at present poorly constrained by existing laboratory data. Particularly attractive is the study of the fraction of the moment of inertia contained in the solid crust. Analytic treatments of the crustal moment of inertia reveal a high sensitivity to the transition pressure at the core-crust interface. Motivated by a recent astrophysical measurement of the pressure of cold matter above nuclear-matter saturation density, we compute the equation of state of neutron-star matter using various accurately calibrated relativistic models. We found the predictions of these models to be in fairly good agreement with the measured equation of state. In the effort to explain the observational data we introduce a new relativistic effective interaction that is simultaneously constrained by the properties of finite nuclei, their collective excitations, and neutron-star properties. By adjusting two of the empirical parameters of the theory, one can efficiently tune the neutron skin thickness of $^{208}$Pb and the maximum neutron star mass. The new effective interaction is moderately soft at intermediate densities and relatively stiff at high densities. It is fitted to a neutron skin thickness in $^{208}$Pb of only $R_{rm n} - R_{rm p} = 0.16$ fm and a moderately large maximum neutron star mass of 1.94 $M_{rm Sun}$ consistent with the latest observation. Last, theoretical uncertainties in the predictions of relativistic mean-field models are estimated using a chi-square minimization procedure that is implemented by studying the small oscillations around the chi-square minimum. It is shown that such statistical analysis provides access to a wealth of information that would normally remain hidden. The power of covariance analysis is illustrated in two relativistic mean field models. By performing this analysis one obtains meaningful theoretical uncertainties for both model parameters and predicted observables. Moreover, it is shown, how covariance analysis is able to establish robust correlations between physical observables.
Book Synopsis Relativistic Hydrodynamics by : Luciano Rezzolla
Download or read book Relativistic Hydrodynamics written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relativistic hydrodynamics is a very successful theoretical framework to describe the dynamics of matter from scales as small as those of colliding elementary particles, up to the largest scales in the universe. This book provides an up-to-date, lively, and approachable introduction to the mathematical formalism, numerical techniques, and applications of relativistic hydrodynamics. The topic is typically covered either by very formal or by very phenomenological books, but is instead presented here in a form that will be appreciated both by students and researchers in the field. The topics covered in the book are the results of work carried out over the last 40 years, which can be found in rather technical research articles with dissimilar notations and styles. The book is not just a collection of scattered information, but a well-organized description of relativistic hydrodynamics, from the basic principles of statistical kinetic theory, down to the technical aspects of numerical methods devised for the solution of the equations, and over to the applications in modern physics and astrophysics. Numerous figures, diagrams, and a variety of exercises aid the material in the book. The most obvious applications of this work range from astrophysics (black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, and active galaxies) to cosmology (early-universe hydrodynamics and phase transitions) and particle physics (heavy-ion collisions). It is often said that fluids are either seen as solutions of partial differential equations or as "wet". Fluids in this book are definitely wet, but the mathematical beauty of differential equations is not washed out.
Book Synopsis The Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars by : Luciano Rezzolla
Download or read book The Physics and Astrophysics of Neutron Stars written by Luciano Rezzolla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-09 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the recent progress in the physics and astrophysics of neutron stars and, most importantly, it identifies and develops effective strategies to explore, both theoretically and observationally, the many remaining open questions in the field. Because of its significance in the solution of many fundamental questions in nuclear physics, astrophysics and gravitational physics, the study of neutron stars has seen enormous progress over the last years and has been very successful in improving our understanding in these fascinating compact objects. The book addresses a wide spectrum of readers, from students to senior researchers. Thirteen chapters written by internationally renowned experts offer a thorough overview of the various facets of this interdisciplinary science, from neutron star formation in supernovae, pulsars, equations of state super dense matter, gravitational wave emission, to alternative theories of gravity. The book was initiated by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1304 “Exploring fundamental physics with compact stars” (NewCompStar).
Book Synopsis Timing Neutron Stars: Pulsations, Oscillations and Explosions by : Tomaso M. Belloni
Download or read book Timing Neutron Stars: Pulsations, Oscillations and Explosions written by Tomaso M. Belloni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron stars, whether isolated or in a binary system, display a varied and complex phenomenology, often accompanied by extreme variability of many time scales, which takes the form of pulsations due to the object rotation, quasi-periodicities associated to accretion of matter, and explosions due to matter accreted on the surface or to starquakes of highly magnetized objects. This book gives an overview of the current observational and theoretical standpoint in the research on the physics under the extreme conditions that neutron stars naturally provide. The six chapters explore three physical regions of a neutron star: the space around it, where accretion and pulsar companions allow testing of general relativity its surface, where millisecond pulsation and X-ray burts provide clues about general relativistic effects and the equation of state of neutron matter its interior, of course, inaccessible to direct observations, can nevertheless, be probed with all observational parameters related to neutron star variability.
Book Synopsis Probing the Phases of Cold Ultra-dense Matter Using Neutron Star Physics by : Simin Mahmoodifar
Download or read book Probing the Phases of Cold Ultra-dense Matter Using Neutron Star Physics written by Simin Mahmoodifar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matter at very high densities and low temperatures is predicted to be in a "color superconducting" phase. At high enough densities, quark matter is in the Color-Flavor-Locked (CFL) phase, but the possible phases of matter at intermediate densities are unknown. Since the density at the core of a neutron star can be as high as a few times the nuclear saturation density, it is the most likely place to find these exotic forms of matter in the real world. The main goal of this thesis is to probe the phases of cold dense matter using neutron star physics. Studying the transport properties of different phases of dense matter that may occur in a compact star is particularly important because transport properties such as viscosity, in addition to depending on the equation of state of matter, also depend on the low-energy degrees of freedom and therefore can discriminate between different phases of dense matter more efficiently. In the first part of this thesis we calculate the mean free path and kaonic contribution to the shear viscosity of kaon-condensed color-flavor-locked (CFL-K0) phase of quark matter. In the second part we calculate the large-amplitude enhancement of the bulk viscosity of dense matter. We obtain general analytic solutions as well as numerical solutions for the amplitude-dependent bulk viscosity of dense matter which are valid for any equations of state where equilibration occurs via fermions. In the third and fourth parts, we use our general results for the bulk viscosity to calculate the damping timescales of r-mode oscillations of neutron stars due to small-amplitude and large-amplitude bulk viscosity, the instability window of the r-modes and the saturation amplitude due to "supra-thermal" enhancement of the bulk viscosity for different cases of strange quark stars, hadronic stars and hybrid stars.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Equation Of State - Lecture Notes Of The Workshop by : Ahmad Ansari
Download or read book Nuclear Equation Of State - Lecture Notes Of The Workshop written by Ahmad Ansari and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-03-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the diversified and changing scenarios of the current frontiers of nuclear physics research, the topic 'Nuclear Equation of State' occupies the pivotal position. The present series of lectures by well known experts in this field span a wide area ranging from low energy to ultrarelativistic energy, with application to astrophysical phenomena like supernovae explosions, neutron star and other stellar processes, phase transitions in quantum chromodynamics, and properties of quark-gluon plasma. The present status of the VUU model for the intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions is also reviewed.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Physics by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
Book Synopsis The CBM Physics Book by : Bengt Friman
Download or read book The CBM Physics Book written by Bengt Friman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exhaustive survey is the result of a four year effort by many leading researchers in the field to produce both a readable introduction and a yardstick for the many upcoming experiments using heavy ion collisions to examine the properties of nuclear matter. The books falls naturally into five large parts, first examining the bulk properties of strongly interacting matter, including its equation of state and phase structure. Part II discusses elementary hadronic excitations of nuclear matter, Part III addresses the concepts and models regarding the space-time dynamics of nuclear collision experiments, Part IV collects the observables from past and current high-energy heavy-ion facilities in the context of the theoretical predictions specific to compressed baryonic matter. Part V finally gives a brief description of the experimental concepts. The book explicitly addresses everyone working or planning to enter the field of high-energy nuclear physics.
Book Synopsis An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions by : Peter Z. Wu
Download or read book An Exploratory Study of the Nuclear Equation of State and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities Using Au+Au Collisions written by Peter Z. Wu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the density dependence of the nuclear equation of state (EOS) of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, particularly at high den- sities, is crucial for interpreting many astrophysical phenomena e.g. neutron stars and supernovae, where model descriptions require inputs for the behaviour of the EOS with extreme values of the symmetry energy. The nuclear EOS is a fundamental property of nuclear matter, which describes the relationships between its thermodynamic properties but is insufficiently constrained by ex- periment. Indeed the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter is poorly understood, largely due to a lack of knowledge regarding the density depen- dence of the nuclear symmetry energy term, especially at densities considerably greater than that of normal nuclear matter. Theoretical studies based on either microscopic many-body theories or phenomenological approaches give widely divergent predictions of this quantity. While considerable progress has been achieved over recent years in determining the symmetry energy at saturation and sub-saturation nuclear matter densities, much more work is still needed to probe its behaviour at supra-saturation densities. Until recently, there has been little possibility to study experimentally the density dependence of the symmetry energy. This situation is changing dramatically as new radioactive beam facilities become operational. These facilities promise to revolutionise our knowledge of the equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter. Heavy- ion reactions induced by neutron-rich nuclei have thus a crucial role to play in this field of research. They provide a unique tool for obtaining information concerning the high-density behaviour of the symmetry energy in a laboratory environment. This thesis reports on an experimental feasibility study into the use of observables of collective flow measured in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to investigate the symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities.
Book Synopsis Heavy Ion Collisions and Neutron Stars: Dynamics and Thermodynamics of QCD Matter by : Anton Motornenko
Download or read book Heavy Ion Collisions and Neutron Stars: Dynamics and Thermodynamics of QCD Matter written by Anton Motornenko and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Studying Compact Star Equation of States with General Relativistic Initial Data Approach by : Enping Zhou
Download or read book Studying Compact Star Equation of States with General Relativistic Initial Data Approach written by Enping Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the equation of state (EoS) of compact stars, particularly the intriguing possibility of the “quark star model.” The EoS of compact stars is the subject of ongoing debates among astrophysicists and particle physicists, due to the non-perturbative property of strong interaction at low energy scales. The book investigates the tidal deformability and maximum mass of rotating quark stars and triaxially rotating quark stars, and compares them with those of neutron stars to reveal significant differences. Lastly, by combining the latest observations of GW170817, the book suggests potential ways to distinguish between the neutron star and quark star models.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Relativistic Heavy Ions to Supernovae by :
Download or read book Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Relativistic Heavy Ions to Supernovae written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this presentation the relationship between relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions and the nuclear equation of state is discussed. The connection between observables measured in the experiments and thermodynamic variables used to describe the system is made. Through this connection a semi-empirical nuclear equation of state is extracted from the data. The resulting equation of state is discussed in terms of nuclear matter calculations, neutron star stability and supernova collapse. 22 refs., 7 figs.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics and its Applications by : Reinhard Stock
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics and its Applications written by Reinhard Stock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills the need for a coherent work combining carefully reviewed articles into a comprehensive overview accessible to research groups and lecturers. Next to fundamental physics, contributions on topical medical and material science issues are included.
Book Synopsis Probing The Nuclear Paradigm With Heavy Ion Reactions - Proceedings Of The International School Of Heavy Ion Physics by : Ricardo Americo Broglia
Download or read book Probing The Nuclear Paradigm With Heavy Ion Reactions - Proceedings Of The International School Of Heavy Ion Physics written by Ricardo Americo Broglia and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-02-22 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major developments have taken place during the last few years in the study of the nuclear paradigm as a result of recent detector and accelerator developments, and of improved theoretical models.The active use of 4-π detectors to measure the gamma decay of excited nuclei has been instrumental in exploring the consequences of extremely high rotational frequencies and excitation energies in the nuclear structure. The identification of superdeformed bands, of limiting temperature for the detection of giant resonances, and of rotational damping, are conspicuous examples of this novel type of research. Studies of the disassembling of the nucleus have been systematically carried out, and the results interpreted in terms of transport models.At even higher temperatures one expects to have a completely new regime of hot dense matter, where the hadronic properties become strongly renormalized by the medium.Furthermore, studies of the properties of the nucleon as a many-body system of quarks and gluons displaying collective degrees of freedom which are damped by couplings to more complicated states, are providing a detailed and consistent picture of the nuclear paradigm.Important progress is also taking place in situations essentially opposite to the scenarios described above, namely in the study of correlations in nuclear matter at very low temperature and density.
