Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes

Download Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (368 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes by : Alan S. Willsky

Download or read book Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes written by Alan S. Willsky and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes

Download Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (368 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes by : Alan S. Willsky

Download or read book Probabilistic Modeling and Statistical Inference for Random Fields and Space-time Processes written by Alan S. Willsky and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems

Download Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Chapman and Hall/CRC
ISBN 13 : 9781584885931
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (859 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems by : Barbel Finkenstadt

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems written by Barbel Finkenstadt and published by Chapman and Hall/CRC. This book was released on 2006-10-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Methods for Spatio-Temporal Systems presents current statistical research issues on spatio-temporal data modeling and will promote advances in research and a greater understanding between the mechanistic and the statistical modeling communities. Contributed by leading researchers in the field, each self-contained chapter starts with an introduction of the topic and progresses to recent research results. Presenting specific examples of epidemic data of bovine tuberculosis, gastroenteric disease, and the U.K. foot-and-mouth outbreak, the first chapter uses stochastic models, such as point process models, to provide the probabilistic backbone that facilitates statistical inference from data. The next chapter discusses the critical issue of modeling random growth objects in diverse biological systems, such as bacteria colonies, tumors, and plant populations. The subsequent chapter examines data transformation tools using examples from ecology and air quality data, followed by a chapter on space-time covariance functions. The contributors then describe stochastic and statistical models that are used to generate simulated rainfall sequences for hydrological use, such as flood risk assessment. The final chapter explores Gaussian Markov random field specifications and Bayesian computational inference via Gibbs sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo, illustrating the methods with a variety of data examples, such as temperature surfaces, dioxin concentrations, ozone concentrations, and a well-established deterministic dynamical weather model.

Random Fields for Spatial Data Modeling

Download Random Fields for Spatial Data Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9402419187
Total Pages : 884 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (24 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Random Fields for Spatial Data Modeling by : Dionissios T. Hristopulos

Download or read book Random Fields for Spatial Data Modeling written by Dionissios T. Hristopulos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an inter-disciplinary introduction to the theory of random fields and its applications. Spatial models and spatial data analysis are integral parts of many scientific and engineering disciplines. Random fields provide a general theoretical framework for the development of spatial models and their applications in data analysis. The contents of the book include topics from classical statistics and random field theory (regression models, Gaussian random fields, stationarity, correlation functions) spatial statistics (variogram estimation, model inference, kriging-based prediction) and statistical physics (fractals, Ising model, simulated annealing, maximum entropy, functional integral representations, perturbation and variational methods). The book also explores links between random fields, Gaussian processes and neural networks used in machine learning. Connections with applied mathematics are highlighted by means of models based on stochastic partial differential equations. An interlude on autoregressive time series provides useful lower-dimensional analogies and a connection with the classical linear harmonic oscillator. Other chapters focus on non-Gaussian random fields and stochastic simulation methods. The book also presents results based on the author’s research on Spartan random fields that were inspired by statistical field theories originating in physics. The equivalence of the one-dimensional Spartan random field model with the classical, linear, damped harmonic oscillator driven by white noise is highlighted. Ideas with potentially significant computational gains for the processing of big spatial data are presented and discussed. The final chapter concludes with a description of the Karhunen-Loève expansion of the Spartan model. The book will appeal to engineers, physicists, and geoscientists whose research involves spatial models or spatial data analysis. Anyone with background in probability and statistics can read at least parts of the book. Some chapters will be easier to understand by readers familiar with differential equations and Fourier transforms.

Random Fields on a Network

Download Random Fields on a Network PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387944289
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (442 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Random Fields on a Network by : Xavier Guyon

Download or read book Random Fields on a Network written by Xavier Guyon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-06-23 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory of spatial models over lattices, or random fields as they are known, has developed significantly over recent years. This book provides a graduate-level introduction to the subject which assumes only a basic knowledge of probability and statistics, finite Markov chains, and the spectral theory of second-order processes. A particular strength of this book is its emphasis on examples - both to motivate the theory which is being developed, and to demonstrate the applications which range from statistical mechanics to image analysis and from statistics to stochastic algorithms.

Probability and Statistical Inference

Download Probability and Statistical Inference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 131536204X
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probability and Statistical Inference by : Miltiadis C. Mavrakakis

Download or read book Probability and Statistical Inference written by Miltiadis C. Mavrakakis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-28 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability and Statistical Inference: From Basic Principles to Advanced Models covers aspects of probability, distribution theory, and inference that are fundamental to a proper understanding of data analysis and statistical modelling. It presents these topics in an accessible manner without sacrificing mathematical rigour, bridging the gap between the many excellent introductory books and the more advanced, graduate-level texts. The book introduces and explores techniques that are relevant to modern practitioners, while being respectful to the history of statistical inference. It seeks to provide a thorough grounding in both the theory and application of statistics, with even the more abstract parts placed in the context of a practical setting. Features: •Complete introduction to mathematical probability, random variables, and distribution theory. •Concise but broad account of statistical modelling, covering topics such as generalised linear models, survival analysis, time series, and random processes. •Extensive discussion of the key concepts in classical statistics (point estimation, interval estimation, hypothesis testing) and the main techniques in likelihood-based inference. •Detailed introduction to Bayesian statistics and associated topics. •Practical illustration of some of the main computational methods used in modern statistical inference (simulation, boostrap, MCMC). This book is for students who have already completed a first course in probability and statistics, and now wish to deepen and broaden their understanding of the subject. It can serve as a foundation for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Our aim is to challenge and excite the more mathematically able students, while providing explanations of statistical concepts that are more detailed and approachable than those in advanced texts. This book is also useful for data scientists, researchers, and other applied practitioners who want to understand the theory behind the statistical methods used in their fields.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Download Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Hybrid Random Fields

Download Hybrid Random Fields PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642203086
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hybrid Random Fields by : Antonino Freno

Download or read book Hybrid Random Fields written by Antonino Freno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an exciting new synthesis of directed and undirected, discrete and continuous graphical models. Combining elements of Bayesian networks and Markov random fields, the newly introduced hybrid random fields are an interesting approach to get the best of both these worlds, with an added promise of modularity and scalability. The authors have written an enjoyable book---rigorous in the treatment of the mathematical background, but also enlivened by interesting and original historical and philosophical perspectives. -- Manfred Jaeger, Aalborg Universitet The book not only marks an effective direction of investigation with significant experimental advances, but it is also---and perhaps primarily---a guide for the reader through an original trip in the space of probabilistic modeling. While digesting the book, one is enriched with a very open view of the field, with full of stimulating connections. [...] Everyone specifically interested in Bayesian networks and Markov random fields should not miss it. -- Marco Gori, Università degli Studi di Siena Graphical models are sometimes regarded---incorrectly---as an impractical approach to machine learning, assuming that they only work well for low-dimensional applications and discrete-valued domains. While guiding the reader through the major achievements of this research area in a technically detailed yet accessible way, the book is concerned with the presentation and thorough (mathematical and experimental) investigation of a novel paradigm for probabilistic graphical modeling, the hybrid random field. This model subsumes and extends both Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. Moreover, it comes with well-defined learning algorithms, both for discrete and continuous-valued domains, which fit the needs of real-world applications involving large-scale, high-dimensional data.

Statistical Inference and Applications of a Spatial-temporal Markov Random Field

Download Statistical Inference and Applications of a Spatial-temporal Markov Random Field PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (57 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Inference and Applications of a Spatial-temporal Markov Random Field by : Zack Nadrich

Download or read book Statistical Inference and Applications of a Spatial-temporal Markov Random Field written by Zack Nadrich and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Markov random fields (MRF) form a broad class of stochastic models frequently applied to spatial data. A generalization of Markov chains, the MRF models capture spatial correlation by introducing dependence among data on the surface through a chosen neighborhood structure. We introduce a three-dimensional MRF with such neighborhoods that incorporate spatial patterns as well as the time dimension to create a spatio-temporal model. The proposed clique configuration forces spatial dependencies to evolve through time, reflecting dynamics of an observed process.Our statistical inference approach to the Markov Random field is likelihood based. The complex form of the joint distribution of observed spatially and longitudinally dependent data does not allow a closed form of the likelihood function. We show that the pseudolikelihood of this MRF model, as applied to Bernoulli data, can be conveniently expressed as logistic regression. The theory of maximum pseudolikelihood estimation shows that our resulting parameter estimates are consistent and asymptotically normal. As a case study, we use our Markov random field specification to model the dynamics and spread of wildfires. We show that the model can be used to detect wildfire spread and explain the direction and speed at which a wildfire is moving, as well as changes in their behavior in time and in space. We also apply the Markov random field as a generative model in simulations to develop accurate, timely, and probabilistic wildfire spread forecasts, to complement state-of-the-art physical models.

A Course in Stochastic Processes

Download A Course in Stochastic Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401587698
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Course in Stochastic Processes by : Denis Bosq

Download or read book A Course in Stochastic Processes written by Denis Bosq and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is an Elementary Introduction to Stochastic Processes in discrete and continuous time with an initiation of the statistical inference. The material is standard and classical for a first course in Stochastic Processes at the senior/graduate level (lessons 1-12). To provide students with a view of statistics of stochastic processes, three lessons (13-15) were added. These lessons can be either optional or serve as an introduction to statistical inference with dependent observations. Several points of this text need to be elaborated, (1) The pedagogy is somewhat obvious. Since this text is designed for a one semester course, each lesson can be covered in one week or so. Having in mind a mixed audience of students from different departments (Math ematics, Statistics, Economics, Engineering, etc.) we have presented the material in each lesson in the most simple way, with emphasis on moti vation of concepts, aspects of applications and computational procedures. Basically, we try to explain to beginners questions such as "What is the topic in this lesson?" "Why this topic?", "How to study this topic math ematically?". The exercises at the end of each lesson will deepen the stu dents' understanding of the material, and test their ability to carry out basic computations. Exercises with an asterisk are optional (difficult) and might not be suitable for homework, but should provide food for thought.

Random Fields: Analysis And Synthesis (Revised And Expanded New Edition)

Download Random Fields: Analysis And Synthesis (Revised And Expanded New Edition) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9813101997
Total Pages : 363 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Random Fields: Analysis And Synthesis (Revised And Expanded New Edition) by : Erik Vanmarcke

Download or read book Random Fields: Analysis And Synthesis (Revised And Expanded New Edition) written by Erik Vanmarcke and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Random variation is a fact of life that provides substance to a wide range of problems in the sciences, engineering, and economics. There is a growing need in diverse disciplines to model complex patterns of variation and interdependence using random fields, as both deterministic treatment and conventional statistics are often insufficient. An ideal random field model will capture key features of complex random phenomena in terms of a minimum number of physically meaningful and experimentally accessible parameters. This volume, a revised and expanded edition of an acclaimed book first published by the M I T Press, offers a synthesis of methods to describe and analyze and, where appropriate, predict and control random fields. There is much new material, covering both theory and applications, notably on a class of probability distributions derived from quantum mechanics, relevant to stochastic modeling in fields such as cosmology, biology and system reliability, and on discrete-unit or agent-based random processes.Random Fields is self-contained and unified in presentation. The first edition was found, in a review in EOS (American Geophysical Union) to be “both technically interesting and a pleasure to read … the presentation is clear and the book should be useful to almost anyone who uses random processes to solve problems in engineering or science … and (there is) continued emphasis on describing the mathematics in physical terms.”

Statistical Inference and Simulation for Spatial Point Processes

Download Statistical Inference and Simulation for Spatial Point Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780203496930
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (969 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Statistical Inference and Simulation for Spatial Point Processes by : Jesper Moller

Download or read book Statistical Inference and Simulation for Spatial Point Processes written by Jesper Moller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-25 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial point processes play a fundamental role in spatial statistics and today they are an active area of research with many new applications. Although other published works address different aspects of spatial point processes, most of the classical literature deals only with nonparametric methods, and a thorough treatment of the theory and applications of simulation-based inference is difficult to find. Written by researchers at the top of the field, this book collects and unifies recent theoretical advances and examples of applications. The authors examine Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and explore one of the most important recent developments in MCMC: perfect simulation procedures.

Spatial Statistics and Modeling

Download Spatial Statistics and Modeling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387922571
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Spatial Statistics and Modeling by : Carlo Gaetan

Download or read book Spatial Statistics and Modeling written by Carlo Gaetan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial statistics are useful in subjects as diverse as climatology, ecology, economics, environmental and earth sciences, epidemiology, image analysis and more. This book covers the best-known spatial models for three types of spatial data: geostatistical data (stationarity, intrinsic models, variograms, spatial regression and space-time models), areal data (Gibbs-Markov fields and spatial auto-regression) and point pattern data (Poisson, Cox, Gibbs and Markov point processes). The level is relatively advanced, and the presentation concise but complete. The most important statistical methods and their asymptotic properties are described, including estimation in geostatistics, autocorrelation and second-order statistics, maximum likelihood methods, approximate inference using the pseudo-likelihood or Monte-Carlo simulations, statistics for point processes and Bayesian hierarchical models. A chapter is devoted to Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation (Gibbs sampler, Metropolis-Hastings algorithms and exact simulation). A large number of real examples are studied with R, and each chapter ends with a set of theoretical and applied exercises. While a foundation in probability and mathematical statistics is assumed, three appendices introduce some necessary background. The book is accessible to senior undergraduate students with a solid math background and Ph.D. students in statistics. Furthermore, experienced statisticians and researchers in the above-mentioned fields will find the book valuable as a mathematically sound reference. This book is the English translation of Modélisation et Statistique Spatiales published by Springer in the series Mathématiques & Applications, a series established by Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles (SMAI).

Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields

Download Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470434635
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields by : Jean-Marc Azais

Download or read book Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields written by Jean-Marc Azais and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-17 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely and comprehensive treatment of random field theory with applications across diverse areas of study Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields discusses how to understand the properties of the level sets of paths as well as how to compute the probability distribution of its extremal values, which are two general classes of problems that arise in the study of random processes and fields and in related applications. This book provides a unified and accessible approach to these two topics and their relationship to classical theory and Gaussian processes and fields, and the most modern research findings are also discussed. The authors begin with an introduction to the basic concepts of stochastic processes, including a modern review of Gaussian fields and their classical inequalities. Subsequent chapters are devoted to Rice formulas, regularity properties, and recent results on the tails of the distribution of the maximum. Finally, applications of random fields to various areas of mathematics are provided, specifically to systems of random equations and condition numbers of random matrices. Throughout the book, applications are illustrated from various areas of study such as statistics, genomics, and oceanography while other results are relevant to econometrics, engineering, and mathematical physics. The presented material is reinforced by end-of-chapter exercises that range in varying degrees of difficulty. Most fundamental topics are addressed in the book, and an extensive, up-to-date bibliography directs readers to existing literature for further study. Level Sets and Extrema of Random Processes and Fields is an excellent book for courses on probability theory, spatial statistics, Gaussian fields, and probabilistic methods in real computation at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also a valuable reference for professionals in mathematics and applied fields such as statistics, engineering, econometrics, mathematical physics, and biology.

Models for Probability and Statistical Inference

Download Models for Probability and Statistical Inference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470183403
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Models for Probability and Statistical Inference by : James H. Stapleton

Download or read book Models for Probability and Statistical Inference written by James H. Stapleton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-14 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, yet thorough, book is enhanced with simulations and graphs to build the intuition of readers Models for Probability and Statistical Inference was written over a five-year period and serves as a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of probability and statistical inference. With detailed theoretical coverage found throughout the book, readers acquire the fundamentals needed to advance to more specialized topics, such as sampling, linear models, design of experiments, statistical computing, survival analysis, and bootstrapping. Ideal as a textbook for a two-semester sequence on probability and statistical inference, early chapters provide coverage on probability and include discussions of: discrete models and random variables; discrete distributions including binomial, hypergeometric, geometric, and Poisson; continuous, normal, gamma, and conditional distributions; and limit theory. Since limit theory is usually the most difficult topic for readers to master, the author thoroughly discusses modes of convergence of sequences of random variables, with special attention to convergence in distribution. The second half of the book addresses statistical inference, beginning with a discussion on point estimation and followed by coverage of consistency and confidence intervals. Further areas of exploration include: distributions defined in terms of the multivariate normal, chi-square, t, and F (central and non-central); the one- and two-sample Wilcoxon test, together with methods of estimation based on both; linear models with a linear space-projection approach; and logistic regression. Each section contains a set of problems ranging in difficulty from simple to more complex, and selected answers as well as proofs to almost all statements are provided. An abundant amount of figures in addition to helpful simulations and graphs produced by the statistical package S-Plus(r) are included to help build the intuition of readers.

Probability Theory and Statistical Inference

Download Probability Theory and Statistical Inference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107185149
Total Pages : 787 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Probability Theory and Statistical Inference by : Aris Spanos

Download or read book Probability Theory and Statistical Inference written by Aris Spanos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This empirical research methods course enables informed implementation of statistical procedures, giving rise to trustworthy evidence.

Mathematical Modeling of Random and Deterministic Phenomena

Download Mathematical Modeling of Random and Deterministic Phenomena PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119706912
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling of Random and Deterministic Phenomena by : Solym Mawaki Manou-Abi

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Random and Deterministic Phenomena written by Solym Mawaki Manou-Abi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-19 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights mathematical research interests that appear in real life, such as the study and modeling of random and deterministic phenomena. As such, it provides current research in mathematics, with applications in biological and environmental sciences, ecology, epidemiology and social perspectives. The chapters can be read independently of each other, with dedicated references specific to each chapter. The book is organized in two main parts. The first is devoted to some advanced mathematical problems regarding epidemic models; predictions of biomass; space-time modeling of extreme rainfall; modeling with the piecewise deterministic Markov process; optimal control problems; evolution equations in a periodic environment; and the analysis of the heat equation. The second is devoted to a modelization with interdisciplinarity in ecological, socio-economic, epistemological, demographic and social problems. Mathematical Modeling of Random and Deterministic Phenomena is aimed at expert readers, young researchers, plus graduate and advanced undergraduate students who are interested in probability, statistics, modeling and mathematical analysis.