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Universals

Author : James Porter Moreland
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317490010
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Universals by : James Porter Moreland

Download or read book Universals written by James Porter Moreland and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Things are particulars and their qualities are universals, but do universals have an existence distinct from the particular things describable by those terms? And what must be their nature if they do? This book provides a careful and assured survey of the central issues of debate surrounding universals, in particular those issues that have been a crucial part of the emergence of contemporary analytic ontology. The book begins with a taxonomy of extreme nominalist, moderate nominalist, and realist positions on properties, and outlines the way each handles the phenomena of predication, resemblance, and abstract reference. The debate about properties and philosophical naturalism is also examined. Different forms of extreme nominalism, moderate nominalism, and minimalist realism are critiqued. Later chapters defend a traditional realist view of universals and examine the objections to realism from various infinite regresses, the difficulties in stating identity conditions for properties, and problems with realist accounts of knowledge of abstract objects. In addition, the debate between Platonists and Aristotelians is examined alongside a discussion of the relationship between properties and an adequate theory of existence. The book's final chapter explores the problem of individuating particulars. The book makes accessible a difficult topic without blunting the sophistication of argument required by a more advanced readership.

Duns Scotus and the Problem of Universals

Author : Todd Bates
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1847062245
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Duns Scotus and the Problem of Universals by : Todd Bates

Download or read book Duns Scotus and the Problem of Universals written by Todd Bates and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2010-08-26 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Duns Scotus (d.1308), known as the ‘subtle doctor' among medieval schoolmen, produced a formidable philosophical theology using and adapting an Aristotelian metaphysical framework. Critical of Thomas Aquinas' grand Summas, Scotus died before producing a final synthesis of his own. Indeed, his work, left in disarray for centuries, has only recently become available in an edited format. Contemporary metaphysics, taking up the problem of universals, treads on ground already well-worked by Scotus. Duns Scotus and the Problem of Universals shows how Scotus' treatment of the problem of universals is both coherent and, even by contemporary standards, cogent. Todd Bates recovers and sets out Scotus' understanding of the structure of material substance, reconstructs Scotus' arguments for universals and haecceities, and shows how Scotus' theory applies to the metaphysics of the Incarnation. This book makes an important contribution to a neglected but crucial area of Scotus scholarship.

Five Texts on the Mediaeval Problem of Universals

Author : Paul V. Spade
Publisher : Hackett Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1624662005
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (246 download)

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Book Synopsis Five Texts on the Mediaeval Problem of Universals by : Paul V. Spade

Download or read book Five Texts on the Mediaeval Problem of Universals written by Paul V. Spade and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 1994-03-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New translations of the central mediaeval texts on the problem of universals are presented here in an affordable edition suitable for use in courses in mediaeval philosophy, history of mediaeval philosophy, and universals. Includes a concise Introduction, glossary of important terms, notes, and bibliography.

The Problem of Universals in Contemporary Philosophy

Author : Gabriele Galluzzo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316381277
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (163 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Universals in Contemporary Philosophy by : Gabriele Galluzzo

Download or read book The Problem of Universals in Contemporary Philosophy written by Gabriele Galluzzo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there any universal entities? Or is the world populated only by particular things? The problem of universals is one of the most fascinating and enduring topics in the history of metaphysics, with roots in ancient and medieval philosophy. This collection of new essays provides an innovative overview of the contemporary debate on universals. Rather than focusing exclusively on the traditional opposition between realism and nominalism, the contributors explore the complexity of the debate and illustrate a broad range of positions within both the realist and the nominalist camps. Realism is viewed through the lens of the distinction between constituent and relational ontologies, while nominalism is reconstructed in light of the controversy over the notion of trope. The result is a fresh picture of contemporary metaphysics, in which traditional strategies of dealing with the problem of universals are both reaffirmed and called into question.

The Problem of Universals in Indian Philosophy

Author : Raja Ram Dravid
Publisher : Motilal Banarsidass Publishe
ISBN 13 : 9788120808324
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Universals in Indian Philosophy by : Raja Ram Dravid

Download or read book The Problem of Universals in Indian Philosophy written by Raja Ram Dravid and published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. This book was released on 2000-12-31 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author gives a critical and comprehensive study of the fundamental problem of universals in Indian Philosophy. The centre of the study is the controversy between the Nyaya-Vaisesika and the Mimamsa realists on the one hand and the Buddhist nominalists on the other. The author discusses not only the epistemological and metaphysical approach to the problem of universals but also the semantic approach made by the various systems of Indian Philosophy. In this context the view of the Grammarions with special reference to Bhartrhari has been discussed in some detail. A brief but critical analysis of some of the main trends of thought on universals in Western Philosophy--beginning from Pluto to the contemporary philosophers--has also been given. Besides his scholarly and eminently readable treatment of fundamental problem of universals, the author has attempted to give his own solution of the problem. It is based on the recurrent identities and similarities which are the principles of grouping and which form the foundation of our thought and speech.

Universal Artificial Intelligence

Author : Marcus Hutter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540268774
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal Artificial Intelligence by : Marcus Hutter

Download or read book Universal Artificial Intelligence written by Marcus Hutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal motivation. The dream of creating artificial devices that reach or outperform human inteUigence is an old one. It is also one of the dreams of my youth, which have never left me. What makes this challenge so interesting? A solution would have enormous implications on our society, and there are reasons to believe that the AI problem can be solved in my expected lifetime. So, it's worth sticking to it for a lifetime, even if it takes 30 years or so to reap the benefits. The AI problem. The science of artificial intelligence (AI) may be defined as the construction of intelligent systems and their analysis. A natural definition of a system is anything that has an input and an output stream. Intelligence is more complicated. It can have many faces like creativity, solving prob lems, pattern recognition, classification, learning, induction, deduction, build ing analogies, optimization, surviving in an environment, language processing, and knowledge. A formal definition incorporating every aspect of intelligence, however, seems difficult. Most, if not all known facets of intelligence can be formulated as goal driven or, more precisely, as maximizing some utility func tion. It is, therefore, sufficient to study goal-driven AI; e. g. the (biological) goal of animals and humans is to survive and spread. The goal of AI systems should be to be useful to humans.

The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy

Author : Stefano Di Bella
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190608048
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy by : Stefano Di Bella

Download or read book The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy written by Stefano Di Bella and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient topic of universals was central to scholastic philosophy, which raised the question of whether universals exist as Platonic forms, as instantiated Aristotelian forms, as concepts abstracted from singular things, or as words that have universal signification. It might be thought that this question lost its importance after the decline of scholasticism in the modern period. However, the fourteen contributions contained in The Problem of Univerals in Early Modern Philosophy indicate that the issue of universals retained its vitality in modern philosophy. Modern philosophers in fact were interested in 3 sets of issues concerning universals: (i) issues concerning the ontological status of universals, (ii) issues concerning the psychology of the formation of universal concepts or terms, and (iii) issues concerning the value and use of universal concepts or terms in the acquisition of knowledge. Chapters in this volume consider the various forms of "Platonism," "conceptualism" and "nominalism" (and distinctive combinations thereof) that emerged from the consideration of such issues in the work of modern philosophers. Furthermore, this volume covers not only the canonical modern figures, namely, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant, but also more neglected figures such as Pierre Gassendi, Pierre-Sylvain Regis, Nicolas Malebranche, Henry More, Ralph Cudworth and John Norris.

The Problem of Universals

Author : Andrew B. Schoedinger
Publisher : Humanity Books
ISBN 13 : 9781573923781
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Universals by : Andrew B. Schoedinger

Download or read book The Problem of Universals written by Andrew B. Schoedinger and published by Humanity Books. This book was released on 1991-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of universals, important in the history of philosophy, remains a crucial issue today not only for metaphysics, but also for the philosophy of science. This anthology offers a comprehensive presentation of twenty-eight analyses of the problem of universals. It opens with analyses presented by Plato and Aristotle and then provides selections from the views of the medieval scholars Abelard, Aquinas, Duns Scotus, and Ockham. It then traces the development of Western thought on this fundamental topic from the modern through the contemporary period and includes the work of Kant, Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, Russell, Quine, Strawson, Carnap, and Allaire. To aid the student in understanding these investigations into the nature of universals, each reading is preceded by a concise introduction by the editor.

Resemblance Nominalism

Author : Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199243778
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Resemblance Nominalism by : Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra

Download or read book Resemblance Nominalism written by Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-04 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gardeners, poets, lovers, and philosophers are all interested in the redness of roses; but only philosophers wonder how it is that two different roses can share the same property. Are red things red because they resemble each other? Or do they resemble each other because they are red? Since the 1970s philosophers have tended to favour the latter view, and held that a satisfactory account of properties must involve the postulation of either universals or tropes. But Gonzalo Rodriguez-Pereyra revives the dormant alternative theory of resemblance nominalism, showing first that it can withstand the attacks of such eminent opponents as Goodman and Armstrong, and then that there are reasons to prefer it to its rival theories. The clarity and rigour of his arguments will challenge metaphysicians to rethink their views on properties.

The Problem of Universals from Boethius to John of Salisbury

Author : Roberto Pinzani
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900437115X
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis The Problem of Universals from Boethius to John of Salisbury by : Roberto Pinzani

Download or read book The Problem of Universals from Boethius to John of Salisbury written by Roberto Pinzani and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of universals is one of the main philosophical issues. In this book the author reconstructs the history of the problem from Boethius (6th century) to John of Salisbury (12th century), considering a selection of medieval representative texts.

The Philosophy of Peter Abelard

Author : John Marenbon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521663991
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (639 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Peter Abelard by : John Marenbon

Download or read book The Philosophy of Peter Abelard written by John Marenbon and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a major reassessment of the philosophy of Peter Abelard (1079-1142) which shows that he was a far more constructive and wider-ranging thinker than has usually been supposed. It combines detailed historical discussion, based on published and manuscript sources, with philosophical analysis which aims to make clear Abelard's central arguments about the nature of things, language and the mind, and about morality. Although the book concentrates on these philosophical questions, it places them within their theological and wider intellectual context.

Substances and Universals in Aristotle's Metaphysics

Author : Theodore Scaltsas
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801476358
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (763 download)

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Book Synopsis Substances and Universals in Aristotle's Metaphysics by : Theodore Scaltsas

Download or read book Substances and Universals in Aristotle's Metaphysics written by Theodore Scaltsas and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Theodore Scaltsas brings the insights of contemporary philosophy to bear on a classic problem in metaphysics that stems from Aristotle's theory of substance. Scaltsas provides an analysis of the enigmatic notions of potentiality and actuality, which he uses to explain Aristotle's substantial holism by showing how the concrete and the abstract parts of a substance form a dynamic, diachronic whole.

On the Genealogy of Universals

Author : Fraser MacBride
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019881125X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Genealogy of Universals by : Fraser MacBride

Download or read book On the Genealogy of Universals written by Fraser MacBride and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts of particular and universal have become so familiar that their significance has become difficult to discern, like coins that have been passed back and forth too many times, worn smooth so their values can no longer be read. On the Genealogy of Universals seeks to overcome our sense of over-familiarity with these concepts by providing a case study of their evolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century, a study that shows how the history of these concepts is bound up with the origins and development of analytic philosophy itself. Understanding how these concepts were taken up, transfigured and given up by the early analytic philosophers, enables us to recover and reanimate the debate amongst them that otherwise remains Delphic - to interpret some of the early, originating texts of analytic philosophy that have hitherto baffled commentators, including Moore's early papers, to appreciate afresh the neglected contributions of philosophical figures that historians of analytic philosophy have mostly since forgot, including Stout and Whitehead, and to shed new light upon the relationships of Moore to Russell and Russell to Wittgenstein.

Universal Methods of Design

Author : Bella Martin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 1592537561
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal Methods of Design by : Bella Martin

Download or read book Universal Methods of Design written by Bella Martin and published by . This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Universal Methods of Design is an immensely useful survey of research and design methods used by today's top practitioners, and will serve as a crucial reference for any designer grappling with really big problems. This book has a place on every designer's bookshelf, including yours!" —David Sherwin, Principal Designer at frog and author of Creative Workshop: 80 Challenges to Sharpen Your Design Skills "Universal Methods of Design is a landmark method book for the field of design. This tidy text compiles and summarizes 100 of the most widely applicable and effective methods of design—research, analysis, and ideation—the methods that every graduate of a design program should know, and every professional designer should employ. Methods are concisely presented, accompanied by information about the origin of the technique, key research supporting the method, and visual examples. Want to know about Card Sorting, or the Elito Method? What about Think-Aloud Protocols? This book has them all and more in readily digestible form. The authors have taken away our excuse for not using the right method for the job, and in so doing have elevated its readers and the field of design. UMOD is an essential resource for designers of all levels and specializations, and should be one of the go-to reference tools found in every designer’s toolbox." —William Lidwell, author of Universal Principles of Design, Lecturer of Industrial Design, University of Houston This comprehensive reference provides a thorough and critical presentation of 100 research methods, synthesis/analysis techniques, and research deliverables for human centered design, delivered in a concise and accessible format perfect for designers, educators, and students. Whether research is already an integral part of a practice or curriculum, or whether it has been unfortunately avoided due to perceived limitations of time, knowledge, or resources, Universal Methods of Design serves as an invaluable compendium of methods that can be easily referenced and utilized by cross-disciplinary teams in nearly any design project. This essential guide: - Dismantles the myth that user research methods are complicated, expensive, and time-consuming - Creates a shared meaning for cross-disciplinary design teams - Illustrates methods with compelling visualizations and case studies - Characterizes each method at a glance - Indicates when methods are best employed to help prioritize appropriate design research strategies Universal Methods of Design distills each method down to its most powerful essence, in a format that will help design teams select and implement the most credible research methods best suited to their design culture within the constraints of their projects.

Metaphysics of States of Affairs

Author : Bo R. Meinertsen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811330689
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Metaphysics of States of Affairs by : Bo R. Meinertsen

Download or read book Metaphysics of States of Affairs written by Bo R. Meinertsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-06 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the metaphysics of Armstrongian states of affairs, i.e. instantiations of naturalist universals by particulars. The author argues that states of affairs are the best candidate for truthmakers and, in the spirit of logical atomism, that we need no molecular truthmakers for positive truths. In the book's context, this has the pleasing result that there are no molecular states of affairs. Following this account of truthmaking, the author first shows that the particulars in (first-order) states of affairs are bare particulars. He then argues that the properties in states of affairs are simple, non-relational and concrete universals. Next, he argues that (material) relations in states of affairs are external relations. Lastly, he argues that a state of affairs is unified by a distinctive formal relation without giving rise to Bradley’s regress. Written in a relatively non-technical style, the book offers a valuable resource for philosophers working on analytic metaphysics and ontology, as well as their graduate students.

Universal Time-Series Forecasting with Mixture Predictors

Author : Daniil Ryabko
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030543048
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal Time-Series Forecasting with Mixture Predictors by : Daniil Ryabko

Download or read book Universal Time-Series Forecasting with Mixture Predictors written by Daniil Ryabko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-26 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author considers the problem of sequential probability forecasting in the most general setting, where the observed data may exhibit an arbitrary form of stochastic dependence. All the results presented are theoretical, but they concern the foundations of some problems in such applied areas as machine learning, information theory and data compression.

Cultural Connections

Author : Morris J. Vogel
Publisher : Temple University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780877228400
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (284 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Connections by : Morris J. Vogel

Download or read book Cultural Connections written by Morris J. Vogel and published by Temple University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrates the history, civilization, and social conditions of the United States via artifacts, paintings, and other objects from the collections of cultural institutions in Philadelphia and environs.