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Preventing Genocide In Burundi
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Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide in Burundi by : Stephen R. Weissman
Download or read book Preventing Genocide in Burundi written by Stephen R. Weissman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1993, interethnic violence between the 15 to 20 percent Tutsi minority and the 80 to 85 percent Hutu majority in Burundi has taken an estimated 150,000 lives. The continuation of the conflict helps place tens of millions of people at risk in Central Africa and erodes the international norm against genocide. Despite considerable time and effort, the world's peacemakers have been unable to stop the bloodshed and facilitate a political settlement. An examination of the international response to the crisis furnishes valuable lessons for peacemaking in Burundi and other areas of genocidal conflict. A long-term political settlement that took adequate account of Burundian history and circumstances would have three basic characteristics: (1) a form of democratic power sharing that was more majoritarian than consociational but provided significant protection for minority security and economic interests; (2) measures to address collective fears and memories of genocide by acknowledging past crimes and fixing individual responsibility for them; and (3) impartial outside military forces sufficient to control the Burundian military until it is reformed and ethnically integrated. However, as the democratization and power-sharing movements of the early 1990s indicated, a settlement is unlikely to develop without substantial international pressure and assistance. The lesson of these movements' tragic demise is that outside carrots and sticks must be focused on obtaining the engagement of all important parties, especially the powerful extremists, in compromise political negotiations.
Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide by : Genocide Prevention Task Force
Download or read book Preventing Genocide written by Genocide Prevention Task Force and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asserts that genocide is preventable, and that making progress toward doing so begins with leadership and political will. Provides 34 recommendations, starting with the need for high-level attention, standing institutional mechanisms, and strong international partnerships to respond to potential genocidal situations when they arise. Lays out a comprehensive approach, recommending improved early warning mechanisms, early action to prevent crises, timely diplomatic responses to emerging crises, greater preparedness to employ military options, and action to strengthen global norms and institutions.
Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide in Burundi by : Stephen R. Weissman
Download or read book Preventing Genocide in Burundi written by Stephen R. Weissman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1993, interethnic violence between the 15 to 20 percent Tutsi minority and the 80 to 85 percent Hutu majority in Burundi has taken an estimated 150,000 lives. The continuation of the conflict helps place tens of millions of people at risk in Central Africa and erodes the international norm against genocide. Despite considerable time and effort, the world's peacemakers have been unable to stop the bloodshed and facilitate a political settlement. An examination of the international response to the crisis furnishes valuable lessons for peacemaking in Burundi and other areas of genocidal conflict. A long-term political settlement that took adequate account of Burundian history and circumstances would have three basic characteristics: (1) a form of democratic power sharing that was more majoritarian than consociational but provided significant protection for minority security and economic interests; (2) measures to address collective fears and memories of genocide by acknowledging past crimes and fixing individual responsibility for them; and (3) impartial outside military forces sufficient to control the Burundian military until it is reformed and ethnically integrated. However, as the democratization and power-sharing movements of the early 1990s indicated, a settlement is unlikely to develop without substantial international pressure and assistance. The lesson of these movements' tragic demise is that outside carrots and sticks must be focused on obtaining the engagement of all important parties, especially the powerful extremists, in compromise political negotiations.
Author :Scott R. Feil Publisher :Washington, DC : Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, Carnegie Corporation of New York ISBN 13 : Total Pages :76 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide by : Scott R. Feil
Download or read book Preventing Genocide written by Scott R. Feil and published by Washington, DC : Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, Carnegie Corporation of New York. This book was released on 1998 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE EXPERIENCE IN Rwanda was a watershed for the international community, the United Nations, the contributors to the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, and, least of all, myself. However, no one noticed that it was a watershed at the time. It was seen as too difficult and not of sufficient interest and value to prevent the outbreak of violence, and once violence had broken out, it still was not of sufficient interest to warrant the expense of resources and risk of more casualties to stop the violence from spreading. While others remained focused on the world's other crises, the people of Rwanda were forgotten. It was not really until the international community noticed tens of thousands of refugees in eastern Zaire, with thousands dying daily of cholera, that they felt truly compelled to act. This three-month delay cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of innocent Rwandans, and countless scars and disfigurements for those who lived through the horrors. Like the crisis at the time, the need for a response mechanism and the consequences of not looking for solutions are guaranteeing the recurrence of other humanitarian catastrophes now and into the future.
Book Synopsis The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide by : Samuel Totten
Download or read book The Prevention and Intervention of Genocide written by Samuel Totten and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty years the world has witnessed four major genocides. There was the genocide in Iraq (1988), in Rwanda (1994), in Srebrenica (1995), and in Darfur (2003 and continuing). Most observers agree there is an urgent need to assess the international community's efforts to prevent genocide and to intervene (once a genocide is under way) in an effective and timely manner. This volume, the latest in a widely respected series on the subject of genocide, provides an overview of a host of issues germane to this task. The book begins with a cogent discussion of the issues of prevention and intervention during the Cold War years. The second chapter discusses the abject failures and moderate (though, in some cases, highly controversial) successes at prevention and intervention carried out in the 1990s and early 2000s. Further chapters examine latest efforts to develop an effective genocide early warning system and examine the complexity of and barriers to prevention. The pros and cons of sanctions and the problems of enforcement and evaluation their effectiveness are then discussed. Conflicts between state sovereignty and the protection of threatened populations are examined both in historical context and by incorporating the latest thinking. Later chapters treat the issue of intervention; why and how it has met with only limited success. Concentrating on Rwanda and Srebrenica, chapter 8 discusses various peace operations that were abject failures and those that were moderately successful. The concept of an anti-genocide regime is examined in terms of progress in developing such a regime as well as what the international community must do in order to implement it. Chapters discuss key issues related to post-genocidal periods, those that need to be addressed in order to establish stability in a wounded land and populace as well as to prevent future genocides. The final chapter asks whether bringing perpetrators to justice has any impact in breaking impunity, ensuring deterrence, and bringing about reconciliation. The contributors to the volume are all noted scholars, some of whom specialize in the study of genocide, and others who specialize in such areas as early warning, peacekeeping, and sanctions.
Book Synopsis Proxy Targets by : Timothy Paul Longman
Download or read book Proxy Targets written by Timothy Paul Longman and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 1998 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executions of Civilians
Book Synopsis Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi by : Godfrey Mwakikagile
Download or read book Civil Wars in Rwanda and Burundi written by Godfrey Mwakikagile and published by New Africa Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a historical survey and analysis of some of the bloodiest conflicts in modern times. The civil wars in Rwanda and Burundi, twin states in the Great Lakes region of East Africa, are often explained in simplistic terms even by some political pundits as mere tribal wars, rooted in anciet hatred, between the Hutu and the Tutsi. Ethnicity is indeed a factor. But of paramount importance in this conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi, in both countries, is the struggle for power although with "racial" overtones, and the exclusion of the Hutu majority from meaningful participation in the political process. Therefore the conflicts are not tribal wars but political statements as well, probably more than anything else; what Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa aptly described as "military expressions of political intent." In this comprehensive study, the author also addresses one of the most controversial subjects today: conflict resolution in Africa. There are no easy answers, but the author attempts to provide some of them. He covers as much ground as possible, trying to come up with solutions not only to the wars in Africa's Great Lakes region, but in other parts of the continent as well.
Download or read book Genocide written by Edward L. Nyankanzi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3. The Congo Rebellion
Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide by : David A. Hamburg
Download or read book Preventing Genocide written by David A. Hamburg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genocide has been called 'a problem from hell' and despite vehement declarations of 'never again' it's a problem that continues to plague the world. From the beginning of history to the most recent massacres in Bosnia, Rwanda, and Darfur, genocide defies resolution. And given today's worldwide access to highly lethal weapons and advanced communications technology facilitating incitement to hate, we can expect to see this problem grow. It is often claimed that genocide occurs without warning, taking both local and global communities by surprise. Yet, as David Hamburg convincingly shows, we have had long-term advance knowledge of most modern genocides dating back to the early 20th century Armenian tragedy in Turkey and before. In this book, Dr. Hamburg applies a groundbreaking new perspective-the medical model of prevention-to the scourge of genocide in the world. Preventing genocide is not only possible, Dr Hamburg contends, but essential given its high cost in lives, human rights, and international security. Here he maps out numerous practical steps to recognise genocidal conflicts early and stem their tides of violence before they become acute. He also outlines several institutions in place and programs underway at the UN, EU, and NATO devoted to preventing future genocides before they erupt. He draws lessons both from missed opportunities and successful experiences and makes many constructive suggestions about strengthening international institutions, governments, and NGOs for this purpose.
Book Synopsis Preventing Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect by : Rachel Davis
Download or read book Preventing Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect written by Rachel Davis and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The responsibilities of governments to protect their citizens has gained increasing acceptance in policy and academic circles, and within the United Nations (UN) itself, over the past two decades.This was again highlighted at the United Nations 2005 World Summit, during which the international community affirmed the principle of the "responsibility to protect" (RtoP) citizens. The policy advisory group meeting on which this report is based focused on six African, Asian and European case studies. These highlight major and inter-related issues of concern regarding effective and timely international responses to situations in which populations were threatened by genocide, war crimes, "ethnic cleansing" or crimes against humanity.
Download or read book Selective Genocide in Burundi written by and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 1972-06-16 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides an account of the circumstances and events leading to the 1972 mass killings of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated army.
Book Synopsis Direct and Public Incitement to Genocide - The Case of Burundi by : Nicole Emch
Download or read book Direct and Public Incitement to Genocide - The Case of Burundi written by Nicole Emch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The horrors committed by the Nazis during the Second World War have caused the international leaders at the time to criminalize genocide at the international level. In 1948, the Convention on the Prevention and the Punishment of Genocide was adopted. The Convention not only outlaws acts of genocide, but includes also the punishment of acts preceding genocide itself which may however lead to its commission. Direct and public incitement to commit genocide is one such act and is the topic of this thesis. Incitement was included in the Genocide Convention because of its crucial role on the way to genocide. It mentally prepares the people for the commission of mass violence and offers them a justification for engaging in genocidal acts. Therefore, the criminalization of incitement was deemed to be important for the prevention of future genocides. However, since the beginning of the discussion, it has been criticized that the provision on incitement jeopardizes freedom of expression. In effect, freedom of expression is a right recognized under international law. However, the right is not absolute and limitations do exist. The criminalization of incitement to genocide is one such exception. Yet, the conditions that must be fulfilled in order for a speech to constitute incitement to genocide are strict. The present thesis seeks to provide an overview on the definition of incitement to genocide. It analyzes the theoretical definition but also the practical application by international tribunals. This forms the basis for the analysis of a contemporary and concrete example taken from Burundi. The author applies the obtained definitions to a real statement and seeks to draw a conclusion on whether the conditions for a conviction on the grounds of direct and public incitement to commit genocide are fulfilled or not. Based on the analysis, it is argued that in the present case a conviction would be difficult to sustain.
Book Synopsis Burundi Since the Genocide by : Reginald Kay
Download or read book Burundi Since the Genocide written by Reginald Kay and published by Minority Rights Group Publications. This book was released on 1987 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Burundi written by Rene Lemarchand and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-01-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a wide-ranging discussion of the roots and consequences of ethnic strife in Burundi, and provides the reader with an appropriate background for an understanding of Burundi's transition to multiparty democracy and the coup and violence that followed.
Download or read book Confronting Evil written by James Waller and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This groundbreaking book from one of the foremost leaders in the field presents a fascinating continuum of research-informed strategies to prevent genocide from ever taking place; to avert further atrocities once mass murder occurs; and to prevent further turmoil once a society learns how to rebuild itself.
Book Synopsis Preventing the Bloodbath by : A. Walter Dorn
Download or read book Preventing the Bloodbath written by A. Walter Dorn and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa by : Christian P. Scherrer
Download or read book Genocide and Crisis in Central Africa written by Christian P. Scherrer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scherrer examines the ethnicized conflicts, periodic war, and genocide in Rwanda and Burundi. The 1994 genocide in Rwanda may have resulted in the murder of a million Tutsi and moderate Hutu, while the mass killings in Burundi, especially in 1993 when some 200,000 Hutu and Tutsi were killed, and the current ongoing war in the Congo appear to have the potential to escalate into another round of genocide in the region. Scherrer explores the background to the conflicts in the Great Lakes Region as well as what the international community might do to break this tragic cycle of violence and despair. Following a chapter on the history of the region before independence in 1960/61, he examines the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and the subsequent attempts to promote justice, reconstruction, human rights work, and genocide prevention. Scherrer pays particular attention to the role of the Western powers, the UN, and the aid system--and he is critical of all of these institutions. He also analyzes what is happening in neighboring Burundi and the Congo. An important research for scholars and policymakers involved with Central African affairs and ethnicized conflict.
