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Premiums And Premium Subsidy
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Book Synopsis Subsidies to Employee Health Insurance Premiums and the Health Insurance Market by : Jonathan Gruber
Download or read book Subsidies to Employee Health Insurance Premiums and the Health Insurance Market written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One approach to covering the uninsured that is frequently advocated by policy makers is subsidizing the employee portion of employer-provided health insurance premiums. But, since the vast majority of those offered employer-provided health insurance already take it up, such an approach is only appealing if there is a very high takeup elasticity among those who are offered and uninsured. Moreover, if plan choice decisions are price elastic, then such subsidies can at the same time increase health care costs by inducing selection of more expensive plans. We study an excellent example of such subsidies: the introduction of pre-tax premiums for postal employees in 1994, and then for the remaining federal employees in 2000. We do so using a census of personnel records for all federal employees from 1991 through 2002. We find that there is a very small elasticity of insurance takeup with respect to its after-tax price, and a modest elasticity of plan choice. Our results suggest that the federal government did little to improve insurance coverage, but much to increase health care expenditures, through this policy change.
Book Synopsis Subsidies Under Medicare and the Potential for Disenrollment Under a Voluntary Catastrophic Program by : Sandra Christensen
Download or read book Subsidies Under Medicare and the Potential for Disenrollment Under a Voluntary Catastrophic Program written by Sandra Christensen and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tax Credits, the Distribution of Subsidized Health Insurance Premiums, and the Uninsured by : Mark V. Pauly
Download or read book Tax Credits, the Distribution of Subsidized Health Insurance Premiums, and the Uninsured written by Mark V. Pauly and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the impact of a $1000 refundable tax credit for self-only coverage on net premiums and insurance purchases for a representative sample of potential buyers in the individual insurance market. Two methods are used to estimate the distribution of premiums: predicted premiums based on a sample of actual purchasers, and premium quotations drawn from an e-insurance web site. In most of the simulations, the net premiums for half or more of the prospective buyers are reduced to zero or low levels. The number of uninsured is reduced by between 21 percent and 85 percent depending on the size of the deductible in the benchmark plan. However, the results are sensitive to assumptions about insurer underwriting practices.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Affordability and the Role of Premium Tax Credits by : Brittany Rodriquez
Download or read book Health Insurance Affordability and the Role of Premium Tax Credits written by Brittany Rodriquez and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of uninsured individuals and the rising cost of health insurance have been long-standing issues. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) mandated that most individuals have health insurance that provides minimum essential coverage or pay a tax penalty. To make health insurance more affordable and expand access, PPACA created the advance premium tax credit (APTC) to subsidize the cost of exchange plans' premiums for those eligible. This book examines what is known about the effects of the APTC and the extent to which affordable health benefits plans are available and individuals are able to maintain minimum essential coverage. Furthermore, new federal tax credits, authorized under the PPCA, first became available in 2014 to help certain individuals pay for health insurance. The tax credits apply toward premiums for private health plans offered through exchanges (also referred to as health insurance marketplaces). This book provides examples of hypothetical individuals and families that qualify for the premium credits and describes the eligibility criteria applicable to the premium tax credits and cost-sharing subsidies, and the calculation method for the credit and subsidy amounts. It also highlights selected issues addressed in the final regulation and guidance on premium credits and indicates the status of implementation, where relevant data is available.
Book Synopsis Inequities in Marketplace Premium Subsidies by : Christine Buttorff
Download or read book Inequities in Marketplace Premium Subsidies written by Christine Buttorff and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Affordable Care Act’s Marketplaces provide a one-stop shop for buying health insurance, with premium subsidies available to qualified individuals to make coverage more affordable. Health insurance premiums vary considerably in different areas of the country, based on underlying cost of living, the cost of medical care, and other factors. The subsidies are intended to level the playing field so that no matter where a person lives, he or she pays the same amount for health insurance. However, the amount of the subsidy is pegged to the second-lowest cost silver plan (SLCSP), which is not actually available in all locations. In its absence, some people can end up paying more out of pocket for their insurance. We find 20 states have rating areas where residents in certain counties do not have access to the SLCSP, though some do have access to the lowest-priced plan. Four additional states have some rating areas where insurers are not offering plans in the whole rating area, but the SLCSP is offered in the whole rating area. While there are bronze plans available with lower premiums, the trade-off for consumers is higher out-of-pocket costs. Policy solutions could adjust the calculation of the subsidy to reflect plans actually available to consumers in their county, or the next–lowest priced plan available in the whole rating area.
Book Synopsis Tax Subsidies for Health Insurance by : Jonathan Gruber
Download or read book Tax Subsidies for Health Insurance written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued rise in the number of non-elderly Americans without health insurance has led to considerable interest in tax-based policies to raise the level of insurance coverage. This paper describes a detailed microsimulation model that has been developed to evaluate such tax-based polices, and its findings for the impact of polices on government costs and insurance coverage. I find that while tax subsidies could significantly increase insurance coverage, even very generous tax policies could not cover more than a sizable minority of the uninsured population. But there are several design features which can clearly make tax policy more effective: using tax credits rather than deductions; making credits refundable; and addressing the timing mismatch between when insurance purchases are made and tax refunds are received. I also document a clear tradeoff between the scope of tax subsidies and their efficiency.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Premiums Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Download or read book Health Insurance Premiums Under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Alternative Modifications to the Affordable Care Act by : Christine Eibner
Download or read book Assessing Alternative Modifications to the Affordable Care Act written by Christine Eibner and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes analysis in which the COMPARE microsimulation model was used to estimate how several potential changes to the Affordable Care Act, including eliminating the individual mandate and eliminating the law’s tax-credit subsidies, might affect 2015 individual market premiums and overall insurance coverage. The report also presents estimate how changes in young adult enrollment might affect 2015 individual market premiums.
Book Synopsis Health Insurance Exchanges, Premium Tax Credits and Changes to Health Plans by : Elliot Carpenter
Download or read book Health Insurance Exchanges, Premium Tax Credits and Changes to Health Plans written by Elliot Carpenter and published by Nova Snova. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2014, millions of individuals have purchased coverage through the health insurance exchanges established under Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). PPACA altered the individual health insurance market by setting federal standards for coverage and subsidizing exchange coverage for certain low-income individuals. In the first 5 years of exchanges, issuers have moved in and out of the market and increased premiums, but little is known about issuers' claims costs or the factors driving their business decisions. Chapter 1 examines (1) claims costs of issuers participating in exchanges, and (2) factors driving selected issuers' changes in exchange participation, premiums, and plan design. GAO reviewed data from nine issuers participating in five states, which were selected to represent a range in size, tax status, and exchange participation. During open enrollment, eligible returning consumers may re-enroll in their existing health insurance exchange plan or choose a different plan. Those who do not actively enroll in a plan may be automatically re-enrolled into a plan. Chapter 2 examines 1) the extent to which plans identified as benchmark plans remained the same plans from year to year, and how premiums for benchmark plans changed; 2) the proportion of exchange consumers who were automatically re-enrolled into the same or similar plans, and how these proportions compared to those for consumers who actively re-enrolled, and 3) the extent to which consumers' financial responsibility for premiums changed for those who were automatically re-enrolled compared to those who actively re-enrolled. Chapter 3 discussed the amendments to title XIX of the Social Security Act to ensure health insurance coverage continuity for former foster youth. Certain individuals without access to subsidized health insurance coverage may be eligible for premium tax credits, as established under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA; P.L. 111-148, as amended). The dollar amount of the premium credit varies from individual to individual, based on a formula specified in statute. Individuals who are eligible for the premium credit, however, generally are still required to contribute some amount toward the purchase of health insurance as described in chapter 4. During the summer of 2018, the Trump Administration issued final rules governing coverage offered through association health plans (AHPs) and short-term, limited-duration insurance. Chapter 5 describes how the Congressional Budget Office and the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) analyzed the new rules and determined how those rules would affect the agencies' projections of the number of people who obtain health insurance and the costs of federal subsidies for that coverage.
Book Synopsis Tax Subsidies to Employer-provided Health Insurance by : Jonathan Gruber
Download or read book Tax Subsidies to Employer-provided Health Insurance written by Jonathan Gruber and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the current tax subsidy to employer- provided health insurance, and presents new evidence on the economic effects of various tax reforms. It argues that previous analyses have overstated the tax subsidy to employer-provided insurance by neglecting the substantial and growing importance of after-tax employee payments for employer-provided insurance, as well as the tax subsidy for extreme medical expenses, which discourages insurance purchase. Even after considering these factors, however, the net tax subsidy to employer-provided insurance is substantial, with tax factors generating an average reduction of approximately thirty percent in the price of this insurance. Reducing the tax subsidy, either by capping the value of employer-provided health insurance that could be excluded from taxation, or eliminating the exclusion entirely, would have substantial effects on the level of employer- provided insurance and on tax revenues.
Book Synopsis Access to Health Insurance by : DIANE Publishing Company
Download or read book Access to Health Insurance written by DIANE Publishing Company and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-10 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :96 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Unaffordable by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health
Download or read book Unaffordable written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Insuring Premium Risk in Competitive Health Insurance Markets by : Mathias Kifmann
Download or read book Insuring Premium Risk in Competitive Health Insurance Markets written by Mathias Kifmann and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2002 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English summary: Auf privatwirtschaftlich organisierten Krankenversicherungsmarkten wird die Pramie entsprechend des individuellen Risikos erhoben. Verschlechtert sich der Gesundheitszustand einer Person, so besteht die Gefahr, dass die Pramie angehoben wird. Die Person sieht sich einer unsicheren Pramie gegenuber. Mathias Kifmann untersucht, wie dieses Pramienrisiko auf wettbewerblich organisierten Krankenversicherungsmarkten versichert werden kann. Drei grundsatzliche Moglichkeiten der Absicherung werden analysiert und verglichen. In einer vertiefenden theoretischen Analyse untersucht der Autor Reformmoglichkeiten der privaten und der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung. German description: How can it be avoided that consumers face premium risk, i.e. increases in their premiums when their health status deteriorates? Mathias Kifmann examines how this problem which is a major challenge for private health insurance markets can be solved. Three principal ways to insure premium risk which preserve competition among health insurers are analyzed and compared. Guaranteed renewable contracts ensure premiums independent of changes in the health status by requiring a life-time commitment to an insurer. Premium insurance compensates an increase in premiums if the health status changes. Under community rating, the government rules out risk-based premiums by requiring that insurers set a uniform premium for all insured.Mathias Kifmann pays particular attention to the challenges posed by managed care. He argues that managed care can aggravate the lock-in problem under guaranteed renewable contracts. He demonstrates that an alternative contract is superior to guaranteed renewable contracts. This contract creates incentives for insurers to behave in the interest of consumers by specifying payments upon switching to another insurer. If insurers are community-rated, an important question is whether they should be allowed to offer managed care besides traditional health insurance. The author shows that managed care can be used as a pure risk-selection device under community rating. However, the introduction of managed care can also be to the benefit of everyone. To obtain such welfare gains, it may be necessary to tax some insurance plans and to subsidize others.
Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Managed Competition Act by : United States. Congressional Budget Office
Download or read book An Analysis of the Managed Competition Act written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures by : United States. Department of the Treasury
Download or read book Estimates of Federal Tax Expenditures written by United States. Department of the Treasury and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Affordable Care Act and Health Insurance Markets by : Christine Eibner
Download or read book The Affordable Care Act and Health Insurance Markets written by Christine Eibner and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, the authors estimate the effects of the Affordable Care Act on health insurance enrollment and premiums for ten states (Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Texas) and for the nation overall, with a focus on outcomes in the nongroup and small group markets.
Book Synopsis Care Without Coverage by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Care Without Coverage written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-06-20 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans believe that people who lack health insurance somehow get the care they really need. Care Without Coverage examines the real consequences for adults who lack health insurance. The study presents findings in the areas of prevention and screening, cancer, chronic illness, hospital-based care, and general health status. The committee looked at the consequences of being uninsured for people suffering from cancer, diabetes, HIV infection and AIDS, heart and kidney disease, mental illness, traumatic injuries, and heart attacks. It focused on the roughly 30 million-one in seven-working-age Americans without health insurance. This group does not include the population over 65 that is covered by Medicare or the nearly 10 million children who are uninsured in this country. The main findings of the report are that working-age Americans without health insurance are more likely to receive too little medical care and receive it too late; be sicker and die sooner; and receive poorer care when they are in the hospital, even for acute situations like a motor vehicle crash.
