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Download or read book Predictive Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Predictive Models for Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. The purpose of these models is to help American industry, such as Combustion Engineering, design and scale-up CFB combustors that are capable of burning US Eastern high sulfur coals with low SO(subscript x) and NO(subscript x) emissions. In this report, presented as a technical paper, solids distributions and velocities were computed for a PYROFLOW circulating fluidized bed system. To illustrate the capability of the computer code an example of coal-pyrite separation is included, which was done earlier for a State of Illinois project. 24 refs., 20 figs., 2 tabs.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Predictive Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. Sorption of S0[sub 2] with calcined limestone was studied in a PYROFLOW type CFB loop at conditions approximating those found in a CFB combustor. Initially the CFB loop contained 150 micron CaO particles of a density of 3.3 g/cm[sup 3] and air at 1143[degrees]K and 3.25 atm. Atzero time, air containing 600 ppm SO[sub 2], was introduced into the riser bottom at 1143[degrees]K. The effect of gas velocity, sorbent inventory and inlet pressure on the sorption of SO[sub 2], were studied isothermally by running our hydrodynamic code with the S0[sub 2] sorption conservation of species equation. At a velocity of 5m/sec., reported to be a typical velocity by PYROPOWER, there is reasonably good S0[sub 2] removal. At 10 m/sec the S0[sub 2] removal is poor. The best SO[sub 2], removal is for a velocity of 5 m/s and a high bed inventory, initial bed height, H = 9m. Most of the S0[sub 2] is removed in the first two meters of the reactor. However, the S0[sub 2] removal is not complete at the bed outlet. This is due to mixing. At the left wall of the reactor (wall opposite the solids inlet) the S0[sub 2] removal was poor due to gas bypassing caused by the asymmetrical solids inlet. Simulation of the PYROPOWER loop with a symmetrical inlet gave us an order of magnitude improvement over the conventional PYROPOWER system. These results demonstrate the practical utility of the predictive model that we have developed over the last three years.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Predictive Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors. 12th Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steady flows influenced by walls cannot be described by inviscid models. Flows in circulating fluidized beds have significant wall effects. Particles in the form of clusters or layers can be seen to run down the walls. Hence modeling of circulating fluidized beds (CFB) without a viscosity is not possible. However, in interpreting Equations (8-1) and (8-2) it must be kept in mind that CFB or most other two phase flows are never in a true steady state. Then the viscosity in Equations (8-1) and (8-2) may not be the true fluid viscosity to be discussed next, but an Eddy type viscosity caused by two phase flow oscillations usually referred to as turbulence. In view of the transient nature of two-phase flow, the drag and the boundary layer thickness may not be proportional to the square root of the intrinsic viscosity but depend upon it to a much smaller extent. As another example, liquid-solid flow and settling of colloidal particles in a lamella electrosettler the settling process is only moderately affected by viscosity. Inviscid flow with settling is a good first approximation to this electric field driven process. The physical meaning of the particulate phase viscosity is described in detail in the chapter on kinetic theory. Here the conventional derivation resented in single phase fluid mechanics is generalized to multiphase flow.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Applications of Kinetic Theory. Predictive Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. This report presents the author's derivation of analytical solutions useful in understanding the operation of a CFB. The report is in a form of a chapter that reviews the kinetic theory applications.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Predictive Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. Sorption of S02 with calcined limestone was studied in a PYROFLOW type CFB loop at conditions approximating those found in a CFB combustor. Initially the CFB loop contained 150 micron CaO particles of a density of 3.3 g/cm3 and air at 1143°K and 3.25 atm. Atzero time, air containing 600 ppm SO2, was introduced into the riser bottom at 1143°K. The effect of gas velocity, sorbent inventory and inlet pressure on the sorption of SO2, were studied isothermally by running our hydrodynamic code with the S02 sorption conservation of species equation. At a velocity of 5m/sec., reported to be a typical velocity by PYROPOWER, there is reasonably good S02 removal. At 10 m/sec the S02 removal is poor. The best SO2, removal is for a velocity of 5 m/s and a high bed inventory, initial bed height, H = 9m. Most of the S02 is removed in the first two meters of the reactor. However, the S02 removal is not complete at the bed outlet. This is due to mixing. At the left wall of the reactor (wall opposite the solids inlet) the S02 removal was poor due to gas bypassing caused by the asymmetrical solids inlet. Simulation of the PYROPOWER loop with a symmetrical inlet gave us an order of magnitude improvement over the conventional PYROPOWER system. These results demonstrate the practical utility of the predictive model that we have developed over the last three years.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Spectral Analysis of CFB Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. Spectral analysis of CFB data obtained at Illinois Institute of Technology shows that the frequencies of pressure oscillations are less than 0.1 Hertz and that they increase with solids volume fraction to the usual value of one Hertz obtained in bubbling beds. These data are consistent with the kinetic theory interpretation of density wave propagation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Spectral Analysis of CFB Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this investigation is to develop experimentally verified models for circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustors. Spectral analysis of CFB data obtained at Illinois Institute of Technology shows that the frequencies of pressure oscillations are less than 0.1 Hertz and that they increase with solids volume fraction to the usual value of one Hertz obtained in bubbling beds. These data are consistent with the kinetic theory interpretation of density wave propagation.
Author : J.R. Grace
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400900953
Total Pages : 599 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Circulating Fluidized Beds written by J.R. Grace and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1970s there has been an explosion of industrial and academic interest in circulating fluidized beds. In part, the attention has arisen due to the environmental advantages associated with CFB (circulating . fluidized bed) combustion systems, the incorporation of riser reactors employing cir culating fluidized bed technology in petroleum refineries for fluid catalytic cracking and, to a lesser extent, the successes of CFB technology for calcina tion reactions and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In part, it was also the case that too much attention had been devoted to bubbling fluidized beds and it was time to move on to more complex and more advantageous regime,S of operation. Since 1980 a number of CFB processes have been commercialized. There have been five successful International Circulating Fluidized Bed Confer ences beginning in 1985, the most recent taking place in Beijing in May 1996. In addition, we have witnessed a host of other papers on CFB funda mentals and applications in journals and other archival publications. There have also been several review papers and books on specific CFB topics. However, there has been no comprehensive book reviewing the field and attempting to provide an overview of both fundamentals and applications. The purpose of this book is to fill this vacuum.
Author : Prabir Basu
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319061739
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers written by Prabir Basu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: · Explains operation and scientific fundamentals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers · Outlines practical issues in industrial use · Teaches how to optimize design for maximum reliability and efficiency · Discusses operating and maintenance issues and how to troubleshoot them This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical experience. An emphasis on combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and material issues illustrates these concepts with numerous examples from actual operating plants. The relevance of design and feed-stock parameters to the operation of a CFB boiler are also examined, along with their impacts on designs of mechanical components, including cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems. This versatile resource explains how fluidized bed equipment works and how the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics influence design, while providing insight into planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all of the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. It is a must for clean coal technology as well as for biomass power generation.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1032 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Author : Ekaterina Sermyagina
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783845416434
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (164 download)
Download or read book Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Technology written by Ekaterina Sermyagina and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer processes that take place during circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion is one of the most important issues in CFB technology development. This leads to possibility of predicting, evaluation and proper design of combustion and heat transfer mechanisms. The aim of this work is to develop a model for circulating fluidized bed boiler operation. Empirical correlations are used for determining heat transfer coefficients in each part of the furnace. The proposed model is used both in design and offdesign conditions. During off-design simulations fuel moisture content and boiler load effects on boiler operation have been investigated.In this book fuel properties of most typical classes of biomass are widely reviewed. Various schemes of biomass utilization are presented and, especially, concerning circulating fluidized bed boilers. In addition, possible negative effects of biomass usage in boilers are briefly discussed.
Author : Thomas A. Adams II
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039215183
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Modeling and Simulation of Energy Systems written by Thomas A. Adams II and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Systems Engineering is one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in engineering. Modeling and simulation plays a key role in Energy Systems Engineering because it is the primary basis on which energy system design, control, optimization, and analysis are based. This book contains a specially curated collection of recent research articles on the modeling and simulation of energy systems written by top experts around the world from universities and research labs, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, University of Technology Sydney, McMaster University, Queens University, Purdue University, the University of Connecticut, Technical University of Denmark, the University of Toronto, Technische Universität Berlin, Texas A&M, the University of Pennsylvania, and many more. The key research themes covered include energy systems design, control systems, flexible operations, operational strategies, and systems analysis. The addressed areas of application include electric power generation, refrigeration cycles, natural gas liquefaction, shale gas treatment, concentrated solar power, waste-to-energy systems, micro-gas turbines, carbon dioxide capture systems, energy storage, petroleum refinery unit operations, Brayton cycles, to name but a few.
Author : L. R. Glicksman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (757 download)
Download or read book Scale Models of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustors written by L. R. Glicksman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas C. C. Knöbig
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783826544804
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (448 download)
Download or read book Three-dimensional Modeling of Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion written by Thomas C. C. Knöbig and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fabrizio Scala
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857098802
Total Pages : 1091 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification written by Fabrizio Scala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field. Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes
Author : Prabir Basu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420005154
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Combustion and Gasification in Fluidized Beds written by Prabir Basu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Besides being one of the best Clean Coal Technologies, fluidized beds are also proving to be the most practical option for biomass conversion. Although the technology is well established, the field lacks a comprehensive guide to the design and operating principles of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. With more than 30 years of research and indus
