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Predicting Low Temperature Cracking In Asphalt Pavements
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Book Synopsis Predicting Low-temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements by :
Download or read book Predicting Low-temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Wisconsin's winter climate, low temperatures can cause asphalt pavements to contract and crack, reducing their ride quality and service lives. To help engineers more accurately determine how well certain pavement designs will fare in such conditions, AASHTO has developed the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, or MEPDG. Pavement designers can use this manual and accompanying software to predict how pavement distresses will accumulate over time by inputting information about pavement materials, climate and expected traffic levels.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Low Temperature Cracking of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test Results by : Hannele K. Kanerva
Download or read book Prediction of Low Temperature Cracking of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test Results written by Hannele K. Kanerva and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature cracking is attributed to tensile stresses induced in an asphalt concrete pavement that develop when the pavement is subjected to a cold temperature. Cracking results in poor ride quality and a reduction in service life of the pavement. Low temperature cracking has been predicted by regression equations, mechanistic approaches and by simulation measurements. The purpose of the study reported herein is to (1) evaluate the Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) as an accelerated performance test to simulate low temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures and (2) develop a deterministic and probabilistic model to predict low temperature cracking with TSRST results. Construction histories, cracking observations and temperature data were collected for five test roads in Alaska, Pennsylvania and Finland. A full scale and fully controlled low temperature cracking test program was conducted at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (USACRREL). Specimens were fabricated in the laboratory with original asphalt cements and aggregates from the test roads. In addition, asphalt concrete pavement specimens were cut from the test sections. The TSRST results obtained for these samples were correlated with the field observations. Based on a statistical analysis of the data, the TSRST fracture temperature is associated with the field cracking temperature and crack frequency for the test roads where mixture properties dominated low temperature cracking. It was concluded that the TSRST can be used to simulate low temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures. A deterministic and a probabilistic model were developed to predict crack spacing as a function of time using the TSRST results, pavement thickness and bulk density, pavement restraint conditions and air temperature. The affect of aging on pavement properties was incorporated in the models by predicting the field aging with Long Term Oven Aging (LTOA) treatment in the laboratory. The calculation of the crack spacing is based on the theory that the pavement slab cracks when the pavement temperature reaches the cracking temperature of the mixture and the slab is fully restrained. The deterministic model predicts crack spacing with time whereas the probabilistic model predicts crack spacing and its variation with time and yields the reliability of the design with regard to a minimum acceptable crack spacing criterion defined by road authorities. The models were verified by comparing the predicted crack spacings for the five test roads to the observed crack spacings. The probabilistic model is recommended for use in predicting the low temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavement Mixes by : Khaled Ksaibati
Download or read book Evaluation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavement Mixes written by Khaled Ksaibati and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the feasibility of using the thermal stress restrained specimen test to evaluate low temperature cracking in asphalt pavement mixes. Data were collected from laboratory and field evaluations. Various mixing, aging, and compaction methods were used to prepare test samples with materials obtained from two Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) highway projects. Field data were obtained from two recently built test sections and compared with laboratory test results. Pavement condition surveys quantified low temperature cracking of both test sections after one winter. Temperature data for the project sites also were collected. Pavement condition and temperature data were compared to results from the thermal stress restrained specimen test. The thermal stress restrained specimen test was effective in testing asphalt pavement mixes. However, test results indicated that lab prepared samples did not closely simulate field samples. Also, comparisons of lab results with field conditions were performed. However, it is recommended that a more comprehensive analysis be performed after test sections have been in service for a few years.
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Cracking by : D. H. Jung
Download or read book Low-temperature Cracking written by D. H. Jung and published by National Research Council. This book was released on 1994 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST), which was selected to evaluate the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. The TSRST system includes a load frame, step-motor-driven load ram, data acquisition hardware and software, temperature controller, and specimen alignment stand. An experiment design that considered a range of mixture and test condition variables was developed to evaluate the suitability of TSRST for characterizing low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt concrete mixtures. Four asphalts and two aggregates were selected for the experiment. The mixture variables included asphalt type, aggregate type, and air voids content; the test condition variables included specimen size, stress relaxation, aging, and cooling rate.
Book Synopsis 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements by : A. Scarpas
Download or read book 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements written by A. Scarpas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent past, new materials, laboratory and in-situ testing methods and construction techniques have been introduced. In addition, modern computational techniques such as the finite element method enable the utilization of sophisticated constitutive models for realistic model-based predictions of the response of pavements. The 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking of Pavements provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge amongst experts involved in computational analysis, material production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. All submitted contributions were subjected to an exhaustive refereed peer review procedure by the Scientific Committee, the Editors and a large group of international experts in the topic. On the basis of their recommendations, 129 contributions which best suited the goals and the objectives of the Conference were chosen for presentation and inclusion in the Proceedings. The strong message that emanates from the accepted contributions is that, by accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the response of pavement engineering materials, modern sophisticated constitutive models in combination with new experimental material characterization and construction techniques provide a powerful arsenal for understanding and designing against the mechanisms and the processes causing cracking and pavement response deterioration. As such they enable the adoption of truly "mechanistic" design methodologies. The papers represent the following topics: Laboratory evaluation of asphalt concrete cracking potential; Pavement cracking detection; Field investigation of pavement cracking; Pavement cracking modeling response, crack analysis and damage prediction; Performance of concrete pavements and white toppings; Fatigue cracking and damage characterization of asphalt concrete; Evaluation of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete modification; Crack growth parameters and mechanisms; Evaluation, quantification and modeling of asphalt healing properties; Reinforcement and interlayer systems for crack mitigation; Thermal and low temperature cracking of pavements; and Cracking propensity of WMA and recycled asphalts.
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Cracking by : Hannele K. Kanerva
Download or read book Low-temperature Cracking written by Hannele K. Kanerva and published by National Research Council. This book was released on 1994 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the field validation program was to evaluate the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST) as the accelerated performance test to predict low-temperature cracking of asphalt concrete mixtures. Construction histories, cracking observations, and temperature data were collected for five test roads. In addition, a validation program was conducted at the United States Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. The laboratory test program consisted of performing the TSRST on specimens fabricated in the laboratory with original materials from the test roads and asphalt concrete pavement specimens cut from the actual test sections. In addition, the field pavements were monitored for crack history and, where possible, crack initiation. TSRST fracture temperature correlated with field cracking temperature and crack frequency. TSRST results can be used to predict field low-temperature cracking of asphalt-aggregate mixtures. Preliminary models to predict cracking frequency and temperature for the test roads were developed.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavement Mixes and Rheological Performance of Asphalt Binders by :
Download or read book Assessment of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavement Mixes and Rheological Performance of Asphalt Binders written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Government spends a lot of money on the reconstruction and rehabilitation of road pavements in any given year due to various distresses and eventual failure. Low temperature (thermal) cracking, one of the main types of pavement distress, contributes partly to this economic loss, and comes about as a result of accumulated tensile strains exceeding the threshold tensile strain capacity of the pavement. This pavement distress leads to a drastic reduction of the pavement's service life and performance. In this study, the severity of low temperature (thermal) cracking on road pavements selected across the Province of Ontario and its predicted time to failure was assessed using the AASTHO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) and AASHTOWARE (TM) software, with inputs such as creep compliance and tensile strength from laboratory test. Highway 400, K1, K2, Y1, Sasobit, Rediset LQ, and Rediset WMX were predicted to have a pavement in-service life above 15 years. Additionally, the rheological performance of the recovered asphalt binders was assessed using Superpave (TM) tests such as the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). Further tests using modified standard protocols such as the extended bending beam rheometer (eBBR) (LS-308) test method and double-edge notched tension (DENT) test (LS-299) were employed to evaluate the failure properties associated with in service performance. The various rheological tests showed K1 to be the least susceptible to low temperature cracking compared to the remaining samples whiles Highway 24 will be highly susceptible to low temperature cracking. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was performed on the recovered asphalt binders to determine the presence of metals such as zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo) believed to originate from waste engine oil, which is often added to asphalt binders. Finally, the severity of oxidative aging (hardening) of the recovered asphalt binders was also evaluated using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to determine the abundance of functional groups such as the carbonyl (CO) and sulfoxide (SO). Functional groups such as styrene and butadiene were also evaluated to determine the polymer modifier content in recovered asphalt binders.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements by : Mihai O. Marasteanu
Download or read book Investigation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements written by Mihai O. Marasteanu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work detailed in this report represents a continuation of the research performed in phase one of this national pooled fund study. A number of significant contributions were made in phase two of this comprehensive research effort. Two fracture testing methods are proposed and specifications are developed for selecting mixtures based on fracture energy criteria. A draft SCB specification, that received approval by the ETG and has been taken to AASHTO committee of materials, is included in the report. In addition, alternative methods are proposed to obtain mixture creep compliance needed to calculate thermal stresses. Dilatometric measurements performed on asphalt mixtures are used to more accurately predict thermal stresses, and physical hardening effects are evaluated and an improved model is proposed to take these effects into account. In addition, two methods for obtaining asphalt binder fracture properties are summarized and discussed. A new thermal cracking model, called "ILLI-TC," is developed and validated. This model represents a significant step forward in accurately quantifying the cracking mechanism in pavements, compared to the existing TCMODEL. A comprehensive evaluation of the cyclic behavior of asphalt mixtures is presented, that may hold the key to developing cracking resistant mixtures under multiple cycles of temperature.
Download or read book Special Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements by : Mihai O. Marasteanu
Download or read book Investigation of Low Temperature Cracking in Asphalt Pavements written by Mihai O. Marasteanu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good fracture properties are an essential requirement for asphalt pavements built in the northern part of the US and in Canada for which the predominant failure mode is cracking due to high thermal stresses that develop at low temperatures. Currently, there is no agreement with respect to what experimental methods and analyses approaches to use to investigate the fracture resistance of asphalt materials and the fracture performance of asphalt pavements. This report presents a comprehensive research effort in which both traditional and new experimental protocols and analyses were applied to a statistically designed set of laboratory prepared specimens and to field samples from pavements with well documented performance to determine the best combination of experimental work and analyses to improve the low temperature fracture resistance of asphalt pavements. The two sets of materials were evaluated using current testing protocols, such as creep and strength for asphalt binders and mixtures as well as newly developed testing protocols, such as the disk compact tension test, single edge notched beam test, and semi circular bend test. Dilatometric measurements were performed on both asphalt binders and mixtures to determine the coefficient of thermal contraction. Discrete fracture and damage tools were utilized to model crack initiation and propagation in pavement systems using the finite element method and TCMODEL was used with the experimental data from the field samples to predict performance and compare it to the field performance data.
Book Synopsis Using Mastic Characterization to Predict Asphalt Mixture Low-temperature Cracking Behavior by :
Download or read book Using Mastic Characterization to Predict Asphalt Mixture Low-temperature Cracking Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low temperature performance grading currently relies solely on Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) for determining low temperature creep stiffness (S) and rate of modulus relaxation (m-value) at 60s, both determined at low stress-strain levels, in the pre-failure zones. This aspect raises questions with regard to applicability of properties derived from the linear viscoelastic range for prediction of asphalt binder thermal cracking behavior. Furthermore, many researchers have reported a discrepancy between field cracking severity and predictions based on asphalt binder properties since the asphalt binder-aggregate interaction is non-existent in asphalt binder testing. Therefore evaluation of asphalt mastics properties which could save a considerable amount of time and equipment in comparison to mixture testing should be prioritized. These challenges indicate that considering fracture properties of asphalt mastics could be a better approach for prediction of thermal cracking in asphalt pavements. It is believed that development of failure master curves for the damage characterization of asphalt mastics at different temperatures and loading rates would be beneficial for better characterization of resistance to thermal cracking. Therefore, in this dissertation a mechanistic approach on the development of such asphalt mastic failure master curves was derived using the new BBR-SENB test for damage resistance characterization. The complexity of the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mastics in terms of time and temperature dependency is also recognized by the sensitivity of the failure properties to changes in loading time and temperature. This dissertation documents the development, calibration, and validation of a fundamental analysis framework of asphalt mixtures thermal cracking behavior using asphalt mastics as the continuous phase of these mixtures. Key conceptual components of this study include applying time temperature superposition principles to large strain failure properties, development of asphalt mastic failure master curves, and investigating relationship between mastic viscosity and aggregate structure of asphalt mixtures in the context of thermo-volumetric properties of mixtures. An analysis framework for predicting thermal cracking of asphalt mixtures was developed which include considering asphalt mastics, aggregate internal structure and temperature dependent thermo-volumetric properties. Results where compared to experimental data measured using the ATCA device, which allowed measuring strain and stress build up during cooling.
Book Synopsis Principles of Pavement Design by : E. J. Yoder
Download or read book Principles of Pavement Design written by E. J. Yoder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-01-08 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a complete coverage of all aspects of the theory and practice of pavement design including the latest concepts.
Book Synopsis Pavement Cracking by : Imad L. Al-Qadi
Download or read book Pavement Cracking written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
Book Synopsis Low Temperature and Thermal Fatigue Cracking by : Ted S. Vinson
Download or read book Low Temperature and Thermal Fatigue Cracking written by Ted S. Vinson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exhaustive literature review and analysis of responses to a survey questionnaire was conducted to identify test methods that are currently used to predict low temperature and thermal fatigue cracking in asphalt concrete pavements. Eight test systems/methods were identified and evaluated in terms of the following criteria: simulation of field conditions; application of test results to mechanistic models; suitability for aging and moisture conditioning; potential to accommodate large stone mixes; ease of conduct; cost of equipment.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Low-temperature Cracking of Pennsylvania Project Using Superpave Binder Specifications by :
Download or read book Prediction of Low-temperature Cracking of Pennsylvania Project Using Superpave Binder Specifications written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Prediction of Asphalt Stiffnesses and Their Use in Developing Specifications to Control Low-Temperature Pavement Transverse Cracking by : WJ. Gaw
Download or read book Measurement and Prediction of Asphalt Stiffnesses and Their Use in Developing Specifications to Control Low-Temperature Pavement Transverse Cracking written by WJ. Gaw and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement transverse cracking is a recurring problem in Canada and the northern United States. Field trials and laboratory investigations have confirmed that the major influence on this cracking is the mix stiffness, and consequently asphalt stiffness, at low temperatures. It has been demonstrated that asphalt stiffnesses predicted from van der Poel's nomograph for both waxy and nonwaxy asphalts correlate with low-temperature pavement cracking trends and consequently can be used to develop low-temperature asphalt specifications. A second approach, based on cracking temperatures predicted from a nomograph using asphalt penetrations at 5 and 25°C, is described as the preferred route for low-temperature asphalt specifications. The soundness of this approach is demonstrated in a specific case where the low-temperature properties of a waxy asphalt are improved by air blowing an otherwise highly crack-susceptible vacuum-flashed residue.
Book Synopsis 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements by : A. Scarpas
Download or read book 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking in Pavements written by A. Scarpas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 1378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the recent past, new materials, laboratory and in-situ testing methods and construction techniques have been introduced. In addition, modern computational techniques such as the finite element method enable the utilization of sophisticated constitutive models for realistic model-based predictions of the response of pavements. The 7th RILEM International Conference on Cracking of Pavements provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas, information and knowledge amongst experts involved in computational analysis, material production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. All submitted contributions were subjected to an exhaustive refereed peer review procedure by the Scientific Committee, the Editors and a large group of international experts in the topic. On the basis of their recommendations, 129 contributions which best suited the goals and the objectives of the Conference were chosen for presentation and inclusion in the Proceedings. The strong message that emanates from the accepted contributions is that, by accounting for the idiosyncrasies of the response of pavement engineering materials, modern sophisticated constitutive models in combination with new experimental material characterization and construction techniques provide a powerful arsenal for understanding and designing against the mechanisms and the processes causing cracking and pavement response deterioration. As such they enable the adoption of truly "mechanistic" design methodologies. The papers represent the following topics: Laboratory evaluation of asphalt concrete cracking potential; Pavement cracking detection; Field investigation of pavement cracking; Pavement cracking modeling response, crack analysis and damage prediction; Performance of concrete pavements and white toppings; Fatigue cracking and damage characterization of asphalt concrete; Evaluation of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete modification; Crack growth parameters and mechanisms; Evaluation, quantification and modeling of asphalt healing properties; Reinforcement and interlayer systems for crack mitigation; Thermal and low temperature cracking of pavements; and Cracking propensity of WMA and recycled asphalts.
