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Predator Prey Interactions Between The European Green Crab Carcinus Maenas And Bivalves Native To Prince Edward Island
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Book Synopsis Predator-prey Interactions Between the European Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) and Bivalves Native to Prince Edward Island by : Tyler R. Pickering
Download or read book Predator-prey Interactions Between the European Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) and Bivalves Native to Prince Edward Island written by Tyler R. Pickering and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under that size threshold, oysters remain highly vulnerable and require management measures in order to secure their sustainability. As green crabs continue to spread in PEI and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, further mitigations strategies are likely to be needed. The results presented in this thesis provide the foundation for future developments of these mitigation strategies.
Book Synopsis A Study of Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) Interactions, Cannibalism, and a First Approach to Model the Effects of Harvesting on Its Populations by : Hannah B. Gehrels
Download or read book A Study of Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) Interactions, Cannibalism, and a First Approach to Model the Effects of Harvesting on Its Populations written by Hannah B. Gehrels and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green crabs (Carcinus maenas) have been extensively studied because of the negative impacts that they have on the ecosystems that they invade. However, there are still substantial gaps of knowledge about their interactions and population dynamics. As green crabs continue to invade new locations, it is important to gain a deeper understanding of these subject areas in order to prevent or mitigate further introductions or spread. This thesis aims to address these knowledge gaps by focusing on two main topics: (1) green crab predator-prey interactions with smaller conspecifics and a native counterpart, the mud crab (Dyspanopeus sayi), and (2) a first attempt using a model to predict green crab population dynamics and the potential effects of a removal program. First, I analysed long-term observational beach-seine data collected from the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, and found that there was a negative association between native mud crabs and green crabs in this area. Then I used laboratory experiments to examine their predator-prey interactions and assessed the influence of habitat complexity on the outcome of these interactions. I found that green crab predators consumed almost twice as many mud crabs compared to juvenile green crabs in the two less structured habitats (no substrate or sandy substrate), but predation rates were statistically similar in oyster bed habitat. This study found that mud crab mortality was significantly affected by habitat type, whereas green crab mortality was not. I then focused on green crab cannibalism by adults on juveniles with similar laboratory experiments. In this study, I included habitat types that represented a wider range of structural complexity, and found that cannibalism rates declined with increasing habitat complexity. I also conducted field inclusion experiments that gathered similar results, though the differences were not significant. I identified knowledge gaps and areas of future research by gathering all the available information about green crab life stages. This population information was used to build a relatively simple stage-based population matrix model for green crabs. The outcome of the model estimated that a theoretical green crab population could increase by approximately 43%. The outcome of this model also suggested that even if adult survival is set to zero (representing intensive trapping and effective removal of adults), the population was still able to grow because numbers in the other life stages were abundant enough to feed and maintain the population growth rate. These results suggests that current removal programs that catch mostly adults have little-to-no effect on the population growth rate, indicating that harvesting alone is unlikely to result in a reduction of annual green crab abundance.
Book Synopsis Predator/prey-interactions of the Invasive Green Crab Carcinus Maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyra) and Potential Prey Organisms (Littorina Spp; Mollusca Gastropoda) in Native and Invaded Habitats by : Gesa Schaefer
Download or read book Predator/prey-interactions of the Invasive Green Crab Carcinus Maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyra) and Potential Prey Organisms (Littorina Spp; Mollusca Gastropoda) in Native and Invaded Habitats written by Gesa Schaefer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecophysiology of the European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) and Related Species by : Dirk Weihrauch
Download or read book Ecophysiology of the European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas) and Related Species written by Dirk Weihrauch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-01 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecophysiology of the Green Shore Crab (Carcinus maenas) and Related Species: Mechanisms Behind the Success of a Global Invader provides an in-depth perspective of this devastatingly invasive coastal species. During the last 175 years, Carcinus maenas has spread around the globe by human activities. Because of its ability to flourish in a wide variety of ecosystems and outcompete native species it has been listed as one of the top 100 worst global invaders. Written by international experts, this book focuses on Carcinus maenas and discusses other brachyurans with similar physiologies as comparisons, including control systems and mechanisms used. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers in marine biology and invasive biology, as well as for university lecturers, government or environmental agencies. Gathers all information on ecological physiology of this important species into one place Discusses how this one species of crab has managed to be spread around the globe and survive in many different environments Features a chapter by First Nations members on how this species may impact indigenous fisheries and culture
Book Synopsis Prey Preferences and Relative Predation Rates of Adult European Green Crabs (Carcinus Maenas) Feeding on Various Bivalve Species in British Columbia, Canada by : D. L Curtis
Download or read book Prey Preferences and Relative Predation Rates of Adult European Green Crabs (Carcinus Maenas) Feeding on Various Bivalve Species in British Columbia, Canada written by D. L Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Biological Synopsis of the European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas by : Gregory John Klassen
Download or read book A Biological Synopsis of the European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas written by Gregory John Klassen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interaction Between the European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, and Two Intertidal Snails, Littorina Obtusata and L. Littorea by : Brent M. Wilson
Download or read book Interaction Between the European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, and Two Intertidal Snails, Littorina Obtusata and L. Littorea written by Brent M. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Invader by : Sylvia Behrens Yamada
Download or read book Global Invader written by Sylvia Behrens Yamada and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing to educate those concerned with sea life in the Pacific Northwest, Yamada (zoology, Oregon State U., Corvallis) traces the generally devastating impact of the invasive European green crab with reference to research carried out in New England, California, Oregon, South Africa, Australia, and Tasmania. A full description of the biology and life history of the European green crab is provided, along with photos, glossary, list of references, and descriptive table of Pacific Northwest crabs. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis The Impacts of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, on Selected Bivalves and Meiofaunal Communities by : Zasha A. Bassett
Download or read book The Impacts of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, on Selected Bivalves and Meiofaunal Communities written by Zasha A. Bassett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impacts of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, on Selected Bivalves and Meiofaunal Communities by : Zasha A. Bassett
Download or read book The Impacts of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas, on Selected Bivalves and Meiofaunal Communities written by Zasha A. Bassett and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Behavioural Interactions Between the American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) and the Invasive Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas). by : Gemma Rayner
Download or read book The Behavioural Interactions Between the American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) and the Invasive Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas). written by Gemma Rayner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American lobster (Homarus americanus) is the most commercially important decapod species in Newfoundland. Since the 1990s, fishery landings in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland have been steadily decreasing. The invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) was first recorded in North Harbour (Placentia Bay) most likely in 2002, and shortly after this, lobster landings decreased by 34% compared to previous years. Analyses of the behavioural interactions between the two species around a food source and a baited trap were used to better understand the potential impacts of green crabs on lobsters in the natural environment. The presence of green crabs (1-25 animals) had no significant effect on the ability of lobsters to acquire food, but they did negatively impact lobster food consumption when present in high numbers (150 crabs). Agonistic interactions between the two species increased with green crab density. Green crabs also significantly affected lobster behaviour around a baited trap; when green crabs were present and could freely move around the trap, a lobster approached, attempted to enter and successfully entered less frequently compared to trials when no crabs were present. Analyses of predator-prey interactions between adult lobsters and green crabs were also used to determine if lobsters from Newfoundland would recognise green crabs as a potential prey item. Lobsters originating from Nova Scotia and Newfoundland actively consumed green crabs of all sizes and the size of the green crab determined the likelihood of being damaged and consumed by a lobster. The longer a green crab remained in the presence of a lobster, the more likely it would be captured and eaten. This research provides information on the potential impact of green crab on the lobster fishery in Newfoundland and Labrador and may be used by stakeholders in the management this fishery.
Book Synopsis Impact of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas on Tasmanian Bivalve Populations by : Craig Mackinnon
Download or read book Impact of the Introduced European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas on Tasmanian Bivalve Populations written by Craig Mackinnon and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temperature and Predator Effects on Green Crabs (Carcinus Maenas) and Their Distribution in South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve by :
Download or read book Temperature and Predator Effects on Green Crabs (Carcinus Maenas) and Their Distribution in South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) has increased in abundance and distribution among Oregon's estuaries. Its global success in establishing in new environments and tolerance for abiotic stressors, such as temperature, raises concern for C. maenas to negatively influence native crab species, especially given global climate change. To improve in predicting invasion impacts, this work analyzed the results from a controlled tank experiment at Portland State University and the field data on a population of C. maenas in South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve (SSNERR). The aquarium experiment documented predation pressure on C. maenas across a range of temperatures (9° to 30°C) and predatory crabs Callinectes sapidus, Cancer productus, and, as a control C. maenas. The behavioral responses of prey C. maenas were observed across temperature and predator combinations. There were five categories of behavioral responses measured in time duration. The west Atlantic C. sapidus preyed heavily on C. maenas, especially at warmer water temperatures; however, east Pacific C. productus preyed much less on C. maenas and only at the cold temperatures, suggesting different trajectories of biotic resistance across the coasts as waters warm. Crab behavior aligned with the predation findings. For example, C. productus were most active at 9°C and all died at 27°C and higher. In tanks with C. productus, C. maenas were most aggressive at warm temperatures. In contrast C. maenas spent more time feeding at 9°C when in tanks with C. sapidus and, surprisingly, also with C. productus. Crab trap data from SSNERR was plotted on a map to identify surrounding habitat and bottom substrate of areas with high catch per unit effort (CPUE) of C. maenas in the last six years. Mean CPUE of C. maenas was below five throughout the SSNERR region with sites closest to the mouth of the estuary having the highest CPUE rates. Little structure was surrounding trapping sites; however, there was seagrass at sites with the highest CPUE of C. maenas. The mean CPUE difference of native species prior to (2002-2016) and following (2016-2021) C. maenas abundance increase in 2016 was compared to the mean CPUE of C. maenas in the last six years. Results indicated no correlation between the CPUE of C. maenas influencing the difference of CPUE of native crab species. The tolerance and predation avoidance demonstrated from prey C. maenas in warmer temperatures indicate their ability to acclimate and/or adapt in stressful climate change conditions of higher water temperatures. This is of concern due to the increasing potential to negatively affect Oregon native crab species, such as C. productus over time.
Book Synopsis השפעת מצבי פער בינאישי ומהות התפקיד המבוצע על התנהגות תחרותית של ילדים בשתי קבוצות גיל by :
Download or read book השפעת מצבי פער בינאישי ומהות התפקיד המבוצע על התנהגות תחרותית של ילדים בשתי קבוצות גיל written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Use of Tethered Prey for Estimating the Impact of the Invasive European Green Crab by : Laura L. Hauck
Download or read book Use of Tethered Prey for Estimating the Impact of the Invasive European Green Crab written by Laura L. Hauck and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various mollusks, including small bivalves and gastropod snails, are a common food source for intertidal crabs. Prey opening techniques used on hard-shell prey are dependent on claw size and morphology. For example, large, strong claws can crush a snail outright while smaller, weaker claws leave characteristic peels, pulls and upper whorl peels. It is therefore often possible to identify the predator responsible for a specific breakage pattern. A feeding study was conducted to "fingerprint" the shell opening techniques of the European green crab and five common native Pacific Northwest crab species on three size classes of the intertidal snail Littorina sitkana. A multiple linear regression analysis utilizing a statistical program resulted in an odds ratio that identified the crab species most likely to perform a given technique. For example, the green crab was 19 times more likely to utilize the pulling technique than a Dungeness crab, while the Dungeness crab primarily relied on crushing. The green crab was the only crab species to utilize an upper whorl peel technique. Shell breakage patterns found on snails tethered to predation lines at various sampling sites in Coos Bay and Yaquina Bay, Oregon, were then used to identify the size and species of foraging crab predators at those sites. A predation line is a tool designed to quantify the foraging impact upon small gastropod snails by various crab species in the intertidal zone. A given number of Littorina sitkana snails are attached to monofilament line with marine epoxy. These lines are then tied to metal rebar rods and left in the intertidal for one full tidal cycle. The fate of the snails on the lines is then scored as: live, attempted peel, peeled, pulled or crushed. The final results yield the overall crab foraging rate and indicate the most likely crab species responsible for the predation. This information can be very useful when comparing predation rates between sampling sites that host the invasive European green crab, and those sites that have not yet been invaded.
Book Synopsis Direct and Indirect Impacts of a Non-native Predator by : Daniel Bateman
Download or read book Direct and Indirect Impacts of a Non-native Predator written by Daniel Bateman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predation is a key process shaping ecological communities. In addition to the consumptive effects of predators, where predators modify the structure of ecosystem engineers, they may have large cascading impacts on native biodiversity. In Australia, Carcinus maenas, the European shore crab, is a voracious benthic predator of bivalves that may play a role in structuring benthic communities. Along the southeast coast, the crab inhabits mangrove forests and preys upon with Xenostrobus securis, an ecologically important Australian bed-forming mussel that facilitates diverse associated invertebrate communitics. My thesis examines: (1) how traits of habitat-forming bivalves and environmental context interact to influence associated invertebrate communities: (2) foraging patterns by C maenas on X. securis and the mechanisms that drive these; and (3) direct and indirect effects of C. maenas predation on X securis mussel beds and their associated invertebrate communities. Using a meta-analysis of existing literature, I show that although habitat-forming bivalves have universally positive effects on associated communities, the magnitude of their effect varies according to variation in traits of the bivalves and habitat context. Hence, predation that modifies the density and/or size structure of habitat-forming bivalves has the potential to have large cascading impacts to associated communities. Foraging experiments reveal that C. maenas displays size-specific patterns of bivalve predation that, contrary to the suggestion of earlier studies, are opportunistic as opposed to energy-maximising. Crab gender and satiation as well as the spatial configuration of bivalve prey also influence predation. The impact of C. maenas predation on X. securis mussel beds is greater than native crabs, Paragrapsus laevis but neither crab has a significant consumptive effect on associated invertebrates. Instead, crab predation indirectly modifies the associated invertebrate assemblage structure by changing the structure of the bivalves. Contrary to the assumption that crab predation would produce negative indirect effects on mussel bed communities, where predation resulted in increasednumbers of dead bivalve shells, associated invertebrate abundance increased. Overall, these results demonstrate that non-native predators may have significant impacts on native biodiversity, not only as a result of direct, consumptive effects, but also indirect effects resulting from changes in the population structure of habitat-forming species. Hence, indirect effects need to be factored into models of impact and the development of management strategies.
Book Synopsis Energy Spectra and Angular Distributions of Electrons Transmitted Through Sapphire (Al2O3) Foils by : Martin J. Berger
Download or read book Energy Spectra and Angular Distributions of Electrons Transmitted Through Sapphire (Al2O3) Foils written by Martin J. Berger and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
