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Precision Interferometry In A New Shape
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Book Synopsis Precision Interferometry in a New Shape by : Paul Fulda
Download or read book Precision Interferometry in a New Shape written by Paul Fulda and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With his Ph.D. thesis, presented here in the format of a "Springer Theses", Paul Fulda won the 2012 GWIC thesis prize awarded by the Gravitational Wave International Committee. The impact of thermal noise on future gravitational wave detectors depends on the size and shape of the interrogating laser beam. It had been known since 2006 that, in theory, higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes could reduce thermal noise. Paul Fulda’s research brings Laguerre-Gauss modes an enormous step forward. His work includes analytical, numerical and experimental work on table-top setups as well as experiments at the Glasgow 10m prototype interferometer. Using numerical simulations the LG33 mode was selected as the optical mode to be tested. Further research by Paul and his colleagues since then concentrated on this mode. Paul has developed and demonstrated simple and effective methods to create this mode with diffractive optics and successfully demonstrated its compatibility with the essential building blocks of gravitational wave detectors, namely, optical cavities, Michelson interferometers and opto-electronic sensing and control systems. Through this work, Laguerre-Gauss modes for interferometers have been transformed from an essentially unknown entity to a well understood option with an experimental basis.
Author :Peter Langenbeck Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 :9780819491404 Total Pages :243 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (914 download)
Book Synopsis Interferometry for Precision Measurement by : Peter Langenbeck
Download or read book Interferometry for Precision Measurement written by Peter Langenbeck and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2014 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometry can be seen as the stethoscope of the precision optical engineer. This book presents various interferometric developments used in physical, optical, and mechanical engineering during the past half century. It is an expanded translation of one chapter of the German Wirtschaftliche Mikrobearbeitung, also by Langenbeck, published by Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich-Vienna, in 2009. The book is illustrated with many practical examples and photographs that are a direct consequence of the author’s vast experience in the subject. The author provides some little-known testing techniques that could lead to future innovation in interferometric testing, along with occasional ""Notes for the practitioner,"" which give the reader tips for successful implementation of the author’s repertoire of techniques. The text will be of value to anyone interested in learning about interferometric evaluation of small mechanical and optical components.
Book Synopsis High Precision Infra-Red Stellar Interferometry by : Benjamin F. Lane
Download or read book High Precision Infra-Red Stellar Interferometry written by Benjamin F. Lane and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes work performed at the Palomar Testbed Interferometer (PTI) during 1998-2002. Using PTI, we developed a method to measure stellar angular diameters in the 1-3 milli-arcsecond range with a precision of better than 5%. Such diameter measurements were used to measure the mass-radius relations of several lower main sequence stars and hence verify model predictions for these stars. In addition, by measuring the changes in Cepheid angular diameters during the pulsational cycle and applying a Baade-Wesselink analysis we are able to derive the distances to two galactic Cepheids (h Aql & z Gem) with a precision of 10%; such distance determinations provide an independent calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relations that underpin current estimates of cosmic distance scales. Second, we used PTI and the adaptive optics facility at the Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea to resolve the low mass binary systems BY Dra and GJ 569B, resulting in dynamical mass determinations for these systems. GJ 569B most likely contains at least one sub-stellar component, and as such represents the first dynamical mass determination of a brown dwarf. Finally, a new observing technique, dual star phase referencing, was developed and demonstrated at PTI. Phase referencing allows interferometric observations of stars previously too faint to observe, and is a prerequisite for large-scale interferometric astrometry programs such as the one planned for the Keck Interferometer; interferometric astrometry is a promising technique for the study of extra-solar planetary systems, particularly ones with long-period planets.
Book Synopsis Techniques for Precision Interferometry Inspace by : Ewan D. Fitzsimons
Download or read book Techniques for Precision Interferometry Inspace written by Ewan D. Fitzsimons and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gravitational waves are an important prediction of Einstein's General theory of Relativity. Derived as a solution to the Einstein field equations, they are predicted to be produced in systems where there is an asymmetric acceleration of matter, and exist as a time varying quadrupolar distortion in spacetime. Due to the rich variety of scientifically interesting astrophysical sources predicted to be producing gravitational radiation, there is significant international effort directed towards their detection. A large network of ground based interferometric detectors is in operation, with upgrades to increase sensitivity already in progress. They operate on the principle of measuring the time varying displacement in the interferometer path length an incident gravitational wave will induce. However, the predicted amplitude of gravitational waves requires the measurement to be made over several kilometres with a displacement sensitivity of less than 10 -18m/sqrt(Hz). Ground based detectors operate in the ~10-10000 Hz region, and are fundamentally limited at the low frequency end by the noisy gravitational environment of the Earth. To enable detection of low frequency sources, LISA - the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna - is a planned mission to place an interferometric gravitational wave detector in space, sensitive to gravitational waves in the 0.1-1000 mHz region. Consisting of a triangular constellation of three spacecraft, LISA will aim to detect gravitational waves by monitoring the fluctuation in the separation between free-falling test masses over a baseline of 5 million kilometres with an accuracy of around 10pm/sqrt(Hz). To demonstrate that LISA technology, such as the ability to place test masses into a suitably quiet gravitational free-fall, is viable, a precursor mission - LISA Pathfinder - will launch in the next few years. LISA Pathfinder will monitor the relative displacement between two free-falling inertial test masses using an interferometer, with the goal of verifying that the required quality of free-fall is achievable in LISA. This work presented in this thesis relates to the development of interferometry for LISA Pathfinder and LISA, the construction of the LISA Pathfinder flight model interferometer, and initial work on developing the interferometer for LISA. The interferometers required for LISA and LISA Pathfinder must be constructed to be durable enough to survive launch and stable enough to measure displacements of a few picometres at frequencies down to a few mHz. Further, to help minimise noise from sources such as residual jitter of the test masses, the beams which probe the test masses must be aligned to within?25 micrometers of the nominal reflection point. Using ultra low expansion substrates like Zerodur, and attaching optical components with hydroxide catalysis bonding offers one solution which can provide the durability and stability required. To achieve the accuracy of beam positioning, a system which allows measurement of absolute propagation direction of a laser beam was developed. Combined with a coordinate measuring machine, this allows the absolute position of a mm-scale laser beam to be measured with an accuracy of around?5 micrometers and?20 microradians. This system can operate in two modes: first as a measurement system allowing measurement of an existing beam; and secondly as a target, where it can be positioned to a desired theoretical (such as the nominal reflection point of a test mass) and a beam can be aligned onto it. Combined with a method of precision adjusting optical components at the sub-micron and microradian level prior to hydroxide catalysis bonding, it enables absolute alignment of ultra-stable interferometers to micron level. Using these techniques, the flight model interferometer for LISA Pathfinder was successfully constructed to meet the alignment and performance requirements. The control system that will maintain the test masses in near free-fall requires a very accurate measure of the attitude of the test masses. This measurement will be provided by the interferometer using differential wavefront sensing (DWS). The flight model interferometer was calibrated to establish the coupling factors between the DWS read-out and the attitude of the test mass to ensure maximum performance of the control system. Building upon the experience gained in developing and building the LISA Pathfinder interferometer, a prototype of the LISA optical bench is in development. The LISA interferometer is significantly more complicated than that of LISA Pathfinder. Some of its features include: imaging systems to minimise coupling of beam tilt to displacement noise; a precision beam expander to generate a beam appropriate for the telescope; a redundant fibre injector system, creating two beams collinear to within a few microns and 10-20 microradians; and polarisation optics for beam steering. The development and current state of the design for the prototype optical bench is presented, along with an overview of its features.
Book Synopsis New Techniques for Precision Atom Interferometry and Applications to Fundamental Tests of Gravity and of Quantum Mechanics by : Tim Kovachy
Download or read book New Techniques for Precision Atom Interferometry and Applications to Fundamental Tests of Gravity and of Quantum Mechanics written by Tim Kovachy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-pulse atom interferometry--in which quantum mechanical atomic wave packets are split along two paths and later recombined and made to interfere by sequences of optical pulses--is a remarkably sensitive technique for measuring inertial forces, allowing it to be a valuable tool for applications ranging from fundamental tests of gravity to geodesy and inertial navigation. The inertial sensitivity of an atom interferometer is proportional to its enclosed spacetime area--that is, the product of the spatial separation between the two interferometer paths and the interferometer duration. Therefore, new techniques that allow this spacetime area to be increased are essential in order for atom interferometry to reach its full potential. In this thesis, I describe the development of such techniques. We approach the problem of increasing the interferometer spacetime area on two fronts. First, we implement new methods to increase the momentum transferred by the beam splitters of the interferometer. The velocity difference and therefore the spatial separation of the interferometer paths are proportional to this momentum transfer. Conventional atom optics techniques involve beam splitters that transfer two photon momentum recoils (2 hbar k) to the atoms. I will discuss our realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters that transfer up to 100 hbar k. Second, we have built a 10 m tall atomic fountain that allows the total interferometer duration to be increased to 2 s. Ultimately, we combined LMT atom optics with long-duration atom interferometry in the 10 m atomic fountain, leading to very large spacetime area atom interferometers. In these very large area atom interferometers, the separation between the two atomic wave packets that respectively travel along the two interferometer paths reaches distances of up to 54 cm. Therefore, in addition to offering greatly increased inertial sensitivity, these interferometers probe the quantum mechanical wavelike nature of matter in a new macroscopic regime. I will discuss the techniques we devised to overcome the many technical challenges associated with such interferometers, which in other apparatus have prevented interference from being maintained for path separations larger than 1 cm. I will also describe initial results from the use of our very large area interferometers to test the equivalence principle with Rb-85 and Rb-87 and our plans for further progress in this direction. Very large area atom interferometry requires high laser power and extremely cold atom sources. We have developed a novel high power, frequency doubled laser source at 780 nm that is suitable for atom optics. Also, we have implemented a sequence of matter wave lenses to prepare and measure atomic ensembles with record-low effective temperatures of 50 pK. In addition to applications in atom interferometry, we expect that such an atom source will be broadly useful for a wide range of experiments.
Book Synopsis Techniques for Precision Interferometry in Space by : Ewan D. Fitzsimons
Download or read book Techniques for Precision Interferometry in Space written by Ewan D. Fitzsimons and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optical Interferometry, 2e by : P. Hariharan
Download or read book Optical Interferometry, 2e written by P. Hariharan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology, sensor and measurement industries depend on these advances in optical interferometry for accuracy and profitability.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781722696313 Total Pages :70 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (963 download)
Book Synopsis Precision Optical Interferometry in Space by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Precision Optical Interferometry in Space written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: POINTS, an astrometric Optical interferometer with a nominal measurement accuracy of 5 microarcseconds for the angle between a pair of stars separated by about 90 deg, is presently under consideration by two divisions of NASA-OSSA. It will be a powerful new multi-disciplinary tool for astronomical research. If chosen as the TOPS-1 (Toward Other Planetary Systems) instrument by the Solar-System Exploration Division, it will perform a definitive search for extra-solar planetary systems, either finding and characterizing a large number of them or showing that they are far less numerous than now believed. If chosen as the AIM (Astrometric Interferometry Mission) by the Astrophysics Division, POINTS will open new areas of astrophysical research and change the nature of the questions being asked in some old areas. In either case. it will be the first of a new class of powerful instruments in space and will prove the technology for the larger members of that class to follow. Based on a preliminary indication of the observational needs of the two missions, we find that a single POINTS mission will meet the science objectives of both TOPS-1 and AIM. The instrument detects dispersed fringe (channel led spectrum) and therefore can tolerate large pointing errors. Reasenberg, Robert D. Unspecified Center...
Book Synopsis Basics of Interferometry by : P. Hariharan
Download or read book Basics of Interferometry written by P. Hariharan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is for those who have some knowledge of optics, but little or no previous experience in interferometry. Accordingly, the carefully designed presentation helps readers easily find and assimilate the interferometric techniques they need for precision measurements. Mathematics is held to a minimum, and the topics covered are also summarized in capsule overviews at the beginning and end of each chapter. Each chapter also contains a set of worked problems that give a feel for numbers. The first five chapters present a clear tutorial review of fundamentals. Chapters six and seven discuss the types of lasers and photodetectors used in interferometry. The next eight chapters describe key applications of interferometry: measurements of length, optical testing, studies of refractive index fields, interference microscopy, holographic and speckle interferometry, interferometric sensors, interference spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The final chapter offers suggestions on choosing and setting up an interferometer.
Book Synopsis Precision Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates by : Alan O. Jamison
Download or read book Precision Interferometry with Bose-Einstein Condensates written by Alan O. Jamison and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the creation of the first matter-wave interferometer using ytterbium (Yb) atoms. Most of the experiments focus on a contrast interferometer geometry with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) as source. The recoil frequency of the 174-Yb atom is measured with this interferometer. The recoil frequency of an atom is part of a set of precision measurements that together give a value for the fine structure constant. The experimental results of this dissertation lay the groundwork for a future sub part-per-billion (ppb) precision measurement of the Yb recoil frequency. The contrast interferometry technique is extended to substantially longer times scales than those achieved in previous experiments. A measurement at the ~10 parts-per-million level is made. Systematic effects and statistical scaling are studied and found to be compatible with the desired sub-ppb precision for a future measurement. Such a measurement requires a detailed theoretical study of possible systematic shifts to the measured value. A substantial portion of this dissertation consists of this analysis, carried out in sufficient generality as to guide future sub-ppb level measurements. In addition to a large number of possible systematic shifts due to well-understood physics, two more complex effects are identified and studied: Diffraction phases and atom-atom interactions.
Download or read book Atom Wave Interferometer written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom interferometers, in which atom or molecular de Broglie waves are coherently split and then recombined to produce interference fringes, have opened up exciting new possibilities for precision and fundamental measurements with complex particles. The MIT interferometer in particular also permits a new form of spectroscopy as it is the only demonstrated interferometer with spatially separated interfering paths, thus allowing the insertion of a barrier between them and permitting the observation of changes in the interference pattern as one of the paths is exposed to some interaction. Several major experiments have been performed on a variety of topics underscoring the versatility and usefulness of our interferometer. These include atomic and molecular interferometry, fundamental tests of quantum coherences, precise (0.4 percent) sodium atomic polarizability measurements, measurements of the index of refraction and the velocity dispersion of matter waves, near field imaging (atomic Talbot effect), a new velocity selection scheme for precision measurements, and the demonstration of the atom interferometer's extreme sensitivity to rotations (comparable to the best commercially available laser gyros).
Book Synopsis Impact and Mitigation of Wavefront Distortions in Precision Interferometry by : Aaron Jones
Download or read book Impact and Mitigation of Wavefront Distortions in Precision Interferometry written by Aaron Jones and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) by : Grote Hartmut
Download or read book Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors (In 2 Volumes) written by Grote Hartmut and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The detection of gravitational waves in 2015 has been hailed a scientific breakthrough and one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century. Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy are emerging as a new frontier in understanding the universe.Advanced Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors brings together many of the world's top experts to deliver an authoritative and in-depth treatment on current and future detectors. Volume I is devoted to the essentials of gravitational-wave detectors, presenting the physical principles behind large-scale precision interferometry, the physics of the underlying noise sources that limit interferometer sensitivity, and an explanation of the key enabling technologies that are used in the detectors. Volume II provides an in-depth look at the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo interferometers, as well as examining future interferometric detector concepts. This two-volume set will provide students and researchers the comprehensive background needed to understand gravitational-wave detectors.
Author :Christopher Tycner Publisher :Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISBN 13 :9780612942417 Total Pages :298 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (424 download)
Book Synopsis High Precision Optical Interferometry and Application to be Stars [microform] by : Christopher Tycner
Download or read book High Precision Optical Interferometry and Application to be Stars [microform] written by Christopher Tycner and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new technique for calibrating optical long-baseline interferometric observations is developed where both the calibration corrections and the source characteristics are obtained from the observations of a program star. This calibration technique can only be applied to certain classes of objects, such as emission line sources or binary systems, where the parameters describing the characteristics of the source have different functional dependence than the calibration parameters. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the technique is applied to observations of four different Be stars obtained with the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer. The interferometric observations utilize measurements obtained simultaneously in many spectral channels covering a wide spectral range, where only two channels contain a strong signal due to the circumstellar envelope in the Halpha emission line. The calibrated observations in Halpha allow modeling of the circumstellar envelopes of all four stars with circularly symmetric and elliptical Gaussian models. The best-fit model parameters are then combined with similar results for other Be stars, already published in the literature, to study the relationship between the Ha emission and the physical extent of the Halpha-emitting circumstellar region. For the first time, a clear dependence of the net Halpha emission on the extent of the circumstellar region is demonstrated. These results are consistent with an optically thick line emission that is directly proportional to the effective area of the emitting disk. Within the small sample of stars considered in this analysis, no clear dependence on the spectral type or stellar rotation is established, although the results do suggest that hotter stars might have more extended circumstellar regions.
Book Synopsis Optical Interferometry by : Alexandr Banishev
Download or read book Optical Interferometry written by Alexandr Banishev and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical methods of measurements are the most sensitive techniques of noncontact investigations, and at the same time, they are fast as well as accurate which increases reproducibility of observed results. In recent years, the importance of optical interferometry methods for research has dramatically increased, and applications range from precise surface testing to finding extrasolar planets. This book covers various aspects of optical interferometry including descriptions of novel apparatuses and methods, application interferometry for studying biological objects, surface qualities, materials characterization, and optical testing. The book includes a series of chapters in which experts share recent progress in interferometry through original research and literature reviews.
Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Multiplexing and Emerging Techniques by : Syed H Murshid
Download or read book Optical Fiber Multiplexing and Emerging Techniques written by Syed H Murshid and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with the history and fundamentals of optical fiber communications. Then, briefly introduces existing optical multiplexing techniques and finally focuses on spatial domain multiplexing (SDM), aka space division multiplexing, and orbital angular momentum of photon based multiplexing. These are two emerging multiplexing techniques that have added two new degrees of photon freedom to optical fibers.
Book Synopsis Optical Coatings and Thermal Noise in Precision Measurement by : Gregory Harry
Download or read book Optical Coatings and Thermal Noise in Precision Measurement written by Gregory Harry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal noise from optical coatings is a growing area of concern and overcoming limits to the sensitivity of high precision measurements by thermal noise is one of the greatest challenges faced by experimental physicists. In this timely book, internationally renowned scientists and engineers examine our current theoretical and experimental understanding. Beginning with the theory of thermal noise in mirrors and substrates, subsequent chapters discuss the technology of depositing coatings and state-of-the-art dielectric coating techniques used in precision measurement. Applications and remedies for noise reduction are also covered. Individual chapters are dedicated to specific fields where coating thermal noise is a particular concern, including the areas of quantum optics/optomechanics, gravitational wave detection, precision timing, high-precision laser stabilisation via optical cavities and cavity quantum electrodynamics. While providing full mathematical detail, the text avoids field-specific jargon, making it a valuable resource for readers with varied backgrounds in modern optics.
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