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Potential Larval Dispersal And Population Connectivity Of Deep Sea Methane Seep Invertebrates
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Book Synopsis Potential Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity of Deep-sea Methane Seep Invertebrates by : Doreen Miriam Anne McVeigh
Download or read book Potential Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity of Deep-sea Methane Seep Invertebrates written by Doreen Miriam Anne McVeigh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae by : Tyler J. Carrier
Download or read book Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae written by Tyler J. Carrier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "More than seventy percent of the earth's surface is covered by the ocean which is home to a staggering and sometimes overwhelming diversity of organisms, the majority of which reside in pelagic form. Marine invertebrate larvae are an integral component of this pelagic diversity and have stimulated the curiosity of researchers for centuries. This accessible, upper-level text provides an important and timely update on the topic of larval evolution and ecology, representing the first major synthesis of this interdisciplinary field for more than 20 years. The content is structured around four major areas: evolutionary origins and transitions in developmental mode; functional morphology and ecology of larval forms; larval transport, settlement, and metamorphosis; larval ecology in extreme and changing environments. This novel synthesis integrates traditional larval ecology with life history theory, evolutionary developmental biology, and modern genomics research to provide a research and teaching tool for decades to come." -- from the rear cover.
Book Synopsis Can Larvae of a Deep-sea Gastropod, Thalassonerita Naticoidea, Swim to the Surface to Find Food in the Gulf of Mexico? by : Mitchell Hebner
Download or read book Can Larvae of a Deep-sea Gastropod, Thalassonerita Naticoidea, Swim to the Surface to Find Food in the Gulf of Mexico? written by Mitchell Hebner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For larvae of benthic organisms living in the deep-sea, the location where they begin their dispersal influences their vector of travel because ocean currents affect larval dispersal when the larvae are in the water column during a possible vertical migration. The deep-sea is food-poor when compared to the food-rich surface waters, but planktotrophic (feeding) larval development of deep-sea benthic organisms is common. Despite the potential need for planktotrophic larvae of deep-sea organisms to access more nutrient-rich food sources and knowing a larva's position in the water column can impact larval transport, we have very little understanding of where in the water column the larvae of deep-sea organisms develop. In this work I used Thalassonerita naticoidea larvae, to study deep-sea larval migration potential by modeling the expended energy of larvae while vertically swimming. This study examined how the swimming rates and metabolism of T. naticoidea larvae are influenced by water temperature. The model predicted that a larva swimming vertically from a depth of 650.8 meters to 87.7 meters at a constant mean velocity of 1.43 ± 0.06 m h-1 will expend 52.7 mJ in 13.5 days to reach the photic zone (200 meters). As the larvae vertically migrate up to the surface, they have access to food like dissolved organic materials and bacteria. Once at the surface, they have access to phytoplankton which they can eat to continue their development. Migration through a 650-meter water column will expose larvae to dynamic currents that influence their dispersal and population connectivity.
Book Synopsis Dispersal, Connectivity, and Population Genetic Structure in the Sea by : Amanda Xuereb
Download or read book Dispersal, Connectivity, and Population Genetic Structure in the Sea written by Amanda Xuereb and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spatial distribution of genetic variation across landscapes is influenced by physical features that facilitate or restrict movement and natural selection driven by environmental heterogeneity. Many marine organisms undergo a pelagic larval stage, during which time ocean currents influence dispersal and the degree of gene flow. Furthermore, gradients in temperature, salinity, and other environmental conditions produce spatially varying selection pressures across species ranges. In the first part of my thesis, I offer a novel perspective for marine conservation that emphasizes the importance of considering both connectivity (where connectivity is maintained by dispersal) and the potential for marine populations to adapt to their environment. To do so, I highlight how genomic data can be used to infer population connectivity (i.e. based on neutral genetic variation) and environmental selection (i.e. based on putatively adaptive genetic variation) in the context of marine reserve networks. Next, using a genomic dataset derived from restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq), I investigated the impact of ocean currents and environmental variables on spatial patterns of neutral and adaptive genetic variation in the commercially harvested giant California sea cucumber (P. californicus) along the northeastern Pacific coast. The results showed evidence for population structure despite the potential for widespread gene flow, and demonstrated that accounting for directionality of ocean currents explained genetic variation better than between-site geographic distances. Strong associations between sea bottom temperature and putatively adaptive loci were identified at a broad spatial scale, as well as moderate evidence that surface salinity and bottom current velocities contribute to regional patterns of adaptive differentiation. In a study using simulations of larval dispersal coupled with demo-genetic simulations, I found that potential dispersal was spatially restricted with shorter pelagic larval duration (PLD), but there was no difference between a model of diffusive (isotropic) larval transport and oceanographic (anisotropic) transport. However, several important caveats were highlighted that should be addressed in future work. Collectively, my thesis integrates genomic, environmental, and oceanographic data to understand the role of seascape features on connectivity and adaptation, with implications for marine conservation plans that aim to connect marine populations and support adaptive responses to environmental change.
Book Synopsis Larval Dispersal Between Hydrothermal Vent Habitats by : Stacy L. Kim
Download or read book Larval Dispersal Between Hydrothermal Vent Habitats written by Stacy L. Kim and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal vents are isolated, short-term habitats that support unique biotic assemblages with relatively high biomass utilizing an unusual energy source. How these communities establish themselves and maintain species identity despite their isolation and impermanence is a significant question in vent ecology. Planktonic larval forms provide a dispersive life stage for many species, but the exact mechanism and controls of dispersal are unknown. A description of larval distribution patterns, for which reliable identification of vent larvae is necessary, is critical to understanding larval dispersal. In gastropod species, the retention of the larval shell on the adult allows identification without the necessity of culturing larvae or using species-specific molecular probes, both techniques that are still difficult with vent organisms. At one site (9°N, East Pacific Rise), eleven species of vent gastropod larvae were identified from the water column up to 200 m off the seafloor. The species-specific level of these identifications is important, as there may be species-level differences in species distributions that influence dispersal. Finding vent larvae high in the water column above the source populations suggests that some mechanism must exist to raise larvae off the sea floor. Literature on related species indicates that larval behaviors such as swimming or buoyancy control could not be responsible for such significant vertical movement over a reasonable time period. Passive movement via entrainment into buoyant plumes rising from smoker vents provides a pathway for larvae to get high above the bottom, and has implications for larval dispersal because vertical shear in flows above vents can cause trajectories in the plume to deviate considerably from those along the seafloor. The distance that vent communities extend around smokers is limited, so 28-97% of the larvae produced may be entrained into the rising plume. Buoyant plumes have the potential to transport a substantial proportion of the larvae produced by hydrothermal vent communities. Larvae may follow several different paths in dispersing between vents. Near-bottom flows tend to be topographically constrained to parallel the ridge crest, and advection in near-bottom currents is one potential larval dispersal mechanism. Entrainment into a buoyant plume and lateral advection hundreds of meters above the sea floor is a feasible alternative or additional dispersal mechanism. However, in deep-sea habitats it is difficult to directly test these hypotheses. Ecological modeling offers an alternative to experimental approaches to hypothesis testing. By creating a realistic model simulation, insight can be gained into which factors: vent spacing and instability (geological); flow regime (physical); or fecundity, larval mortality, and adult maturation time (biological), most strongly influence the patterns of species distributions along mid-ocean ridges. The results of model simulations suggest"that long distance dispersal (as might be provided by plume flow) is vital to long-term persistence of vent populations, and that fecundity and larval mortality interact with habitat spacing and vent lifespan to influence the stability of the overall population. Larval transport, establishment of vent communities and specie$ persistence are key factors in hydrothermal vent ecology. This thesis examines the potential for larval dispersal and species survival under various flow regimes, and identifies and observes the distribution of vent larvae in the water column. Its significance lies in the potential to further understanding of endemic species dispersal in a patchy, ephemeral habitat.
Book Synopsis Deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: Living in extreme environments by : Chaolun Li
Download or read book Deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems: Living in extreme environments written by Chaolun Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae by : Larry McEdward
Download or read book Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larvae written by Larry McEdward and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to provide a detailed treatment of the field of larval ecology. The 13 chapters use state-of-the-art reviews and critiques of nearly all of the major topics in this diverse and rapidly growing field. Topics include: patterns of larval diversity, reproductive energetics, spawning ecology, life history theory, larval feeding and nutrition, larval mortality, behavior and locomotion, larval transport, dispersal, population genetics, recruitment dynamics and larval evolution. Written by the leading new scientists in the field, chapters define the current state of larval ecology and outline the important questions for future research.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Population Connectivity of Marine Larvae by : Craig Norrie
Download or read book Quantifying Population Connectivity of Marine Larvae written by Craig Norrie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population connectivity plays an important role in population dynamics. In the marine environment many species have a biphasic life history which consists of a pelagic larval phase followed by a relatively sedentary adult phase. Larval dispersal therefore plays an important role in population connectivity. Bivalve aquaculture is expanding worldwide while simultaneously many wild bivalve reefs are being degraded. There is interest in the restoration of these degraded bivalve reefs to which aquaculture may provide a larval subsidy through larval spill-over. The aim of this thesis was therefore to examine larval dispersal of the bivalve mussel Perna canaliculus (mussels). The Firth of Thames (FoT) in Northern New Zealand once supported dense mussel reefs, however currently the largest known populations in the area are in aquaculture. This thesis used a combination of trace elemental fingerprinting (TEF) and biophysical modelling to examine larval dispersal. TEF is based on the trace elemental composition of bivalve shell reflecting the environmental conditions under which it formed. Prior to the application of TEF in the FoT I investigated the role played by pH and the genetic history of an individual on the elemental composition of shell material. I demonstrated that while the genetic history of an individual will affect the composition of shell material, this will not affect the ability to determine the location at which it formed. I then demonstrated that despite pH changes TEF will remain a viable technique to track the dispersal of larvae under possible future conditions of ocean acidification. Both these results are novel findings. In the biophysical modelling study, virtual larval were continually released over a 10 year period and tracked until settlement. This study demonstrated that larvae from aquaculture are capable of settling throughout the FoT. TEF then demonstrated that the larval pool in the FoT is well mixed with larvae predicted to have originated throughout the FoT found at all locations monitored. These results showed that larval spill-over from aquaculture has the potential to contribute to the restoration of bivalve reefs through a larval subsidy. Restoration programmes should therefore carefully consider potential population subsidies from aquaculture and apply a network approach.
Book Synopsis Trait-based Modeling of Larval Dispersal in the Gulf of Maine by : Benjamin Thomas Jones
Download or read book Trait-based Modeling of Larval Dispersal in the Gulf of Maine written by Benjamin Thomas Jones and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population connectivity is a fundamental process that governs the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine ecosystems. For many marine species, population connectivity is driven by dispersal during a planktonic larval phase. The ability to obtain accurate, affordable, and meaningful estimates of larval dispersal patterns is therefore a key aspect of understanding marine ecosystems. Although field observations provide insight into dispersal processes, they do not provide a comprehensive assessment. Individual-based models (IBMs) that couple ocean circulation and particle-tracking models provide a unique ability to examine larval dispersal patterns with high spatial and temporal resolution. Obtaining accurate results with IBMs requires simulating a sufficient number of particles, and the sequential Bayesian procedure presented in chapter 2 identifies when the number of particles is adequate to address predefined research objectives. In addition, this method optimizes the particle release locations to minimize the requisite number of particles. Even after applying this method, the computational expense of IBM studies is still large. The model in chapter 3 seeks to increase the affordability of IBM studies by transferring some of the calculations to graphics processing units. Chapter 4 describes three algorithms that assist in interpreting IBM output by identifying coherent geographic clusters from population connectivity data. The first two algorithms have existed for nearly a decade and recently been applied separately to marine ecology, and we provide a direct comparison of the results from each. Additionally, we develop and present a new algorithm that simultaneously considers multiple species. Finally, in chapter 5, we apply these tools and a trait-based modeling framework to assess which species traits are most likely to impact dispersal success and patterns in the Gulf of Maine. We conclude that the traits influencing spawning distributions and habitat requirements for settlement are most likely to influence dispersal.
Book Synopsis Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity by : Raeanne Gwen Miller
Download or read book Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity written by Raeanne Gwen Miller and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Circulation in Pamlico Sound and Predicted Oyster Larval Dispersal and Connectivity by :
Download or read book Circulation in Pamlico Sound and Predicted Oyster Larval Dispersal and Connectivity written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical component to understanding connectivity of spatially-separated populations of marine organisms is quantifying hydrodynamic paths of dispersal, and variation in the strength of these hydrodynamic connections. We mimicked larval dispersal of the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) by replicating wind-driven circulation patterns in Pamlico Sound (PS), NC using a numerical hydrodynamic model (ADCIRC, ADvanced CIRCulation) to produce 3-dimensional flow-fields, followed by predicted trajectories of virtual larvae using a particle-tracking model (PTM). Predicted larval trajectories were then used to estimate a larval connectivity matrix for PS to help guide oyster restoration efforts via a network of no-take oyster broodstock reserves. To force the ADCIRC model, we used wind observations during the time that oyster larvae would have been dispersing in PS, and used velocity observations from two bottom-mounted ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) instruments to validate velocities predicted from ADCIRC. Field observations of trajectories from 12 Pacific Gyre surface drift buoys released during the summer of 2007 were used to validate the paths of virtual larvae produced by the PTM. The 3D ADCIRC model reliably predicted variation in velocities at different locations in PS, especially currents near-surface. The PTM also reliably simulated trajectories of surface drift buoys under varying wind regimes, thereby providing confidence in qualitative predictions of dispersal of virtual larvae, and potential larval connectivity in PS. Potential oyster larval connectivity was not uniform among broodstock sanctuaries in PS, ranging from 20 to 65% connectivity from a given sanctuary. Moreover, potential self-recruitment to a given broodstock sanctuary also varied spatially. Thus, when spatial variation in the degree of potential oyster larval connectivity in PS identified in this study is combined with the results of related studies on spatial dynamics of oyster popu.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :9781009157971 Total Pages :755 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (579 download)
Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251311269 Total Pages :192 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Deep-ocean climate change impacts on habitat, fish and fisheries by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Deep-ocean climate change impacts on habitat, fish and fisheries written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents the outcome of a meeting between the FAO/UNEP ABNJ Deep-seas and Biodiversity project and the Deep Ocean Stewardship Initiative. It focuses on the impacts of climatic changes on demersal fisheries, and the interactions of these fisheries with other species and vulnerable marine ecosystems. Regional fisheries management organizations rely on scientific information to develop advice to managers. In recent decades, climate change has been a focus largely as a unidirectional forcing over decadal timescales. However, changes can occur abruptly when critical thresholds are crossed. Moreover, distribution changes are expected as populations shift from existing to new areas. Hence, there is a need for new monitoring programmes to help scientists understand how these changes affect productivity and biodiversity. The principal cause of climate change is rising greenhouse gases and other compounds in the atmosphere that trap heat causing global warming, leading to deoxygenation and acidification in the oceans. Three-dimensional fully coupled earth system models are used to predict the extent of these changes in the deep oceans at 200–2500 m depth. Trends in changes are identified in many variables, including temperature, pH, oxygen and supply of particulate organic carbon (POC). Regional differences are identified, indicating the complexity of the predictions. The response of various fish and invertebrate species to these changes in the physical environment are analysed using hazard and suitability modelling. Predictions are made to changes in distributions of commercial species, though in practice the processes governing population abundance are poorly understood in the deep-sea environment, and predicted distributional changes are not always as expected and may be manifested as simple disappearance of species or ecosystems. The publication underscores the fact adaptive monitoring and management mechanisms must be in place to ensure that fisheries are sustainable and the environment remains healthy and productive. Suggestions are provided as to the actions necessary.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Deep-Sea Mining by : Rahul Sharma
Download or read book Perspectives on Deep-Sea Mining written by Rahul Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a sequel to ’Deep-Sea Mining: Resource Potential, Technical and Environmental Considerations’ (2017) and ‘Environmental Issues of Deep-Sea Mining: Impacts, Consequences and Policy Perspectives’ (2019), and aims to provide a comprehensive volume on different perspectives of deep-sea mining from specialists around the world. The work is timely, as deep-sea minerals continue to enthuse researchers involved in activities such as ascertaining their potential as alternative sources for critical metals for green energy and other industrial applications, as well as technology development for their sustainable exploration and exploitation, while addressing environmental concerns. With a steady increase in the number of contractors having exclusive rights over large tracts of seafloor in the ‘Area’, i.e. area beyond national jurisdictions, the International Seabed Authority, mandated with the responsibility of regulating such activities, is in the process of developing a code for exploitation of deep-sea minerals. These, coupled with growing interest among private entrepreneurs, investment companies and policy makers, underscore the need for updated information to be made available in one place on the subject of deep-sea mining. The book evaluates the potential and sustainability of mining for deep-sea minerals compared to other land-based deposits, the technologies needed for mining and processing of ores, the approach towards environmental monitoring and management, as well as the regulatory frameworks and legal challenges to manage deep-sea mining activities. The book is expected to serve as an important reference for all stakeholders including researchers, contractors, mining companies, regulators and NGOs involved in deep-sea mining.
Book Synopsis Towns, Ecology, and the Land by : Richard T. T. Forman
Download or read book Towns, Ecology, and the Land written by Richard T. T. Forman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering book highlighting the dynamic environmental dimensions of towns and villages and spatial connections with surrounding land.
Book Synopsis Marine Genetics by : Antonio M. Solé-Cava
Download or read book Marine Genetics written by Antonio M. Solé-Cava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our current knowledge of marine organisms and the factors affecting their ecology, distribution and evolution has been revolutionised by the use, in the last 20 years, of molecular population genetics tools. This book is the result of a meeting of world-leading experts, in Rio de Janeiro, where the state of the art of this field was reviewed. Topics covered include the molecular analysis of bio-invasions, the recent developments in marine biotechnology, the factors affecting levels of genetic variation and population structure in marine organisms and their application to conservation biology, fisheries and aquaculture. This is the first book dedicated to the genetic study of marine organisms. It will be very useful to biology students, scientists and anyone working or simply interested in areas such as marine biology, zoology, ecology, and population and molecular genetics.
Book Synopsis Real Gardens Grow Natives by : Eileen M Stark
Download or read book Real Gardens Grow Natives written by Eileen M Stark and published by Mountaineers Books. This book was released on 2014-09-24 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CLICK HERE to download sample native plants from Real Gardens Grow Natives For many people, the most tangible and beneficial impact they can have on the environment is right in their own yard. Aimed at beginning and veteran gardeners alike, Real Gardens Grow Natives is a stunningly photographed guide that helps readers plan, implement, and sustain a retreat at home that reflects the natural world. Gardening with native plants that naturally belong and thrive in the Pacific Northwest’s climate and soil not only nurtures biodiversity, but provides a quintessential Northwest character and beauty to yard and neighborhood! For gardeners and conservationists who lack the time to read through lengthy design books and plant lists or can’t afford a landscape designer, Real Gardens Grow Natives is accessible yet comprehensive and provides the inspiration and clear instruction needed to create and sustain beautiful, functional, and undemanding gardens. With expert knowledge from professional landscape designer Eileen M. Stark, Real Gardens Grow Natives includes: * Detailed profiles of 100 select native plants for the Pacific Northwest west of the Cascades, plus related species, helping make plant choice and placement. * Straightfoward methods to enhance or restore habitat and increase biodiversity * Landscape design guidance for various-sized yards, including sample plans * Ways to integrate natives, edibles, and nonnative ornamentals within your garden * Specific planting procedures and secrets to healthy soil * Techniques for propagating your own native plants * Advice for easy, maintenance using organic methods
