Postmenopausal Coronary Artery Disease Risk

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Postmenopausal Coronary Artery Disease Risk

Author : Pradeep Kumar Dabla
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783848484201
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

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Book Synopsis Postmenopausal Coronary Artery Disease Risk by : Pradeep Kumar Dabla

Download or read book Postmenopausal Coronary Artery Disease Risk written by Pradeep Kumar Dabla and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Menopause increases the risk for women independent of age. Prior to menopause, the risk of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) for women lags behind the risk for men. After menopause, women have similar risks of CAD as men of the same age. The functional and morphological alteration in endothelial cells is critical to atherosclerotic process. After menopause, marked decline in Estrogen and Nitric Oxide (NO) levels takes place. Estrogen exerts its various CAD protective actions by arterial endothelium sex steroid receptors. Nitric oxide released from vascular endothelium is one of most known versatile molecules and has a role in almost every biological system. Nitric oxide inhibits various key steps in development of atherosclerosis via inhibition of platelet activity and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Further presence of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism Glu298Asp may provide additional insult by decreasing NO levels adding to the CAD risk. Hence, postmenopausal women those who presents with eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphic gene may have higher CAD risk.

Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease

Author : Reziwanguli Maimaiti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease by : Reziwanguli Maimaiti

Download or read book Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease written by Reziwanguli Maimaiti and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease

Author : A.R. Genazzani
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781842140383
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease by : A.R. Genazzani

Download or read book Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease written by A.R. Genazzani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-05-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a high-level, clinical reference by world-class specialists on the efficacy of hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women. Specific chapters cover pulsed estrogen therapy with Aerodiol and cardiovascular risk assessment in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies such as Livial (tibolone). This volume is based on the formal presentations and subsequent discussions that took place at the International Menopause Society specially convened Expert Workshop on Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease, London, UK, October 13-16, 2000.

Women’s Heart and Estrogens

Author : Genovefa D. Kolovou
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681081121
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Women’s Heart and Estrogens by : Genovefa D. Kolovou

Download or read book Women’s Heart and Estrogens written by Genovefa D. Kolovou and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular mortality in women is more frequent than breast cancer mortality, a fact which is often overlooked. Women's Heart and Estrogens explores this important women’s health issue with respect to estrogen levels (before and after menopause) as the hormone has been known to mediate cardiovascular effects in women. The handbook includes a description of the structure and biological activity of estrogen and follows up with a detailed reference on the genetics behind estrogen and its effect on the cardiovascular system. Subsequent chapters cover the effects of estrogens on the stages of atherogenesis, actions of estrogens on the on the vascular wall and on cardiovascular metabolic pathways, causes leading to the development of early onset of coronary heart disease in young women (such as vasculitis and autoimmune diseases)[Obaid ur Rahman1] , hypercoagulable states, myocardial infarction in hallucinogenic drug abusers, non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hormone replacement therapy and postmenopausal risk factors. Medical professionals will also find handy guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.

Coronary Primary Prevention Trial

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Coronary Primary Prevention Trial by :

Download or read book Coronary Primary Prevention Trial written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coronary Heart Disease in Women

Author : Elisabeth von der Lohe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642555535
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Coronary Heart Disease in Women by : Elisabeth von der Lohe

Download or read book Coronary Heart Disease in Women written by Elisabeth von der Lohe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Take advantage of new insights into prevention, diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in women -- to the benefit of your patients. Designed to optimize your daily practice, this book gives lucid, up-to-date answers to numerous questions: What are the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy? What are the major risk factors for coronary heart disease in women? What are the most appropriate diagnostic tests in women? Which is the better treatment option for the woman with myocardial infarction -- lysis or primary angioplasty?

Women’s Health and Menopause

Author : Rodolfo Paoletti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0585379734
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Women’s Health and Menopause by : Rodolfo Paoletti

Download or read book Women’s Health and Menopause written by Rodolfo Paoletti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-11 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The population structure in the world is rapidly changing, to the extent that in 75 years we will face a tripling of the elderly population. Although women are favored in terms of life expectancy, they also live with a longer period of disability (approximately twice that of aging men), as well as with the enemies of all the elderly, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. Menopause is the endocrine event that overlaps with aging, potentially worsening both the quality of life and the risks of disease in women.While the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on menopausal symptoms is generally viewed as rapid and consistent, and is thereby accepted by the scientific community, its relationship to the other aforementioned chronic conditions associated with menopause is considered variable and controversial.In analyzing these complex issues, this volume yields new and significant insights into both the study of menopause-related disorders and their treatment, by illustrating the most recent information on mechanisms of actions of new estrogen receptors and on the use of sophisticated techniques of statistical analysis for population-based studies.

Menopause and the Heart

Author : Manuel Neves-e-Castro
Publisher : Parthenon (UK)
ISBN 13 : 9781850700715
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Menopause and the Heart by : Manuel Neves-e-Castro

Download or read book Menopause and the Heart written by Manuel Neves-e-Castro and published by Parthenon (UK). This book was released on 1999 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The management of the climacteric syndrome has become, within the last decade, an important subject, both for women and physicians. Most of the distressing symptoms associated with the perimenopausal years can be prevented with proper hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). The evidence shows that in addition to symptom relief, HRT is also effective in the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Menopause and the Heart is a technically detailed clinical reference on using HRT in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. Featuring contributions from an international panel of experts, it explores emerging issues such as the risks in long- and short-term HRT use, comprehensive benefit/risk analysis, beneficial effects of estrogens in the cardiovascular system, and more.

Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women

Author : Michel E. Safar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642790771
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women by : Michel E. Safar

Download or read book Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women written by Michel E. Safar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the occasion of the symposium on Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women (Monte Carlo, January 19-22, 1994), international scientists and clinicians discussed the various aspects of high blood pressure in older women. This volume presents an overview of this important aspect of both cardiology and gynecology. Special emphasis is given to the different approaches to antihypertension treatment.

Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Author : Hanna Z. Mieszczanska
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447155173
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women by : Hanna Z. Mieszczanska

Download or read book Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women written by Hanna Z. Mieszczanska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women in the US, with more women dying from heart disease than men. Women may have different presentation from men and often need a different approach to diagnosis and treatment. There are also unique topics of management of heart disease in women, including issues during pregnancy, lactation, and menopause. Many different health care providers, as well as cardiologists are involved in treating these patients. A manual reviewing diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease in women would help providers without specific cardiology training to deliver care with greater efficiency. A practical and comprehensive guide geared towards these providers would be a highly practical and valuable resource that would be utilized in everyday practice in offices that include urban clinics, general medicine offices, obstetrics and gynecology offices, as well as in the surgical subspecialties. This book will be a highly practical resource that can be directly applied to the issues that arise in everyday practice. There is no available book on the market that focuses on a broader approach to cardiac disease in women or focuses on non-cardiology providers (and their trainees) who have the need to know more about treatment of cardiovascular disease in women.

Physical Activity, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Insulin Resistant Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women

Download Physical Activity, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Insulin Resistant Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women PDF Online Free

Author : Patricia J. Manns
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (525 download)

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Book Synopsis Physical Activity, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Insulin Resistant Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women by : Patricia J. Manns

Download or read book Physical Activity, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Insulin Resistant Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women written by Patricia J. Manns and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low physical activity levels and high serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in both men and women. However, postmenopausal women who take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may have increased risk of CAD because of HRT-related increases in serum CRP. There are two manuscripts in this dissertation. The purpose of the first manuscript was to determine whether higher physical activity energy expenditure was associated with lower serum CRP, independent of oral HRT status and body fatness, in 133 postmenopausal women. Higher physical activity energy expenditures were significantly associated with lower serum CRP levels (r=-0.21, p=0.0l9), independent of oral HRT use, age, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, aspirin use, and statin use. However, in the complete multivariate model, which included body fat, the association between higher physical activity and lower serum CRP levels was abolished. The purpose of the second study was to quantify the biological variability of insulin resistant CAD risk factors in a sample of 8 postmenopausal women. Risk factor outcomes, including serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides (TG), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum glucose, plasma insulin, serum CRP, waist and hip circumferences, abdominal sagittal diameter, body fat, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure, and self-reported physical activity energy expenditure, were measured on two occasions, 7-12 days apart. High absolute biological variability values (by standard error of measurement) were observed for serum TG (32.0 mg/dl), serum CRP (5.6 mg/l), SBP (4.0 mmHg), and physical activity (9.4 kcal/kg/week). High relative biological variability (by within-subjects coefficient of variation ≥27.3%) was also observed for serum TG, serum CRP, and physical activity. Bland-Altman plots identified individual outliers for serum TG, serum CRP, plasma insulin, and SBP. Together, the results suggest that the correlations between lower levels of serum CRP and higher levels of physical activity, though significant, may have been attenuated by the high biological variability of both serum CRP and physical activity. Thus, the importance of higher levels of physical activity, in decreasing serum CRP and the concomitant risk of heart disease, may be underestimated in the absence of serial measurement of serum CRP and physical activity.

Women’s Health in Menopause

Author : P.G. Crosignani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401110247
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Women’s Health in Menopause by : P.G. Crosignani

Download or read book Women’s Health in Menopause written by P.G. Crosignani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few topics in women's medicine today are as fraught with confusion and controversy as the question of appropriate treatment for menopausal symptoms and the prevention of negative long term health outcomes common to post-menopausal women. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and cancer -- the most common causes of death, disability and impaired quality of life for women -- can potentially be prevented or forestalled by dietary, behavioral, and drug interventions. A better understanding of the natural history of the menopause is critical to providing better care. If women and their physicians have a better understanding of predictors of risk, they could make more informed decisions about interventions related to menopausal symptoms, CVD, osteoporosis and gynecologic and breast cancer. Few other recently introduced medical interventions have as great a potential of affecting morbidity and mortality as does hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT has produced effect on health risk: some are reduced, some are raised, and some uncertain, and these data are interpreted differently by various scientific, medical and consumer groups.

Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease

Author : Linda L. Humphrey
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease by : Linda L. Humphrey

Download or read book Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease written by Linda L. Humphrey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women in the United States (US), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used, often for the prevention of CVD. The goal of this systematic evidence review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between HRT and the primary prevention of CVD, including total CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke, when they were evaluated as separate subsets. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE (1966-2000) and Cochrane databases were searched for all published studies reporting CVD, CAD, and stroke incidence and/or mortality in association with HRT among the general population of women; reference lists, letters, editorials, and reviews were also reviewed. METHODS: All studies were reviewed, abstracted and rated in quality; only studies of good or fair quality according to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria were included in the detailed review and meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. RESULTS: The summary relative risk for CVD mortality with any HRT use was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.42-1.23) and for current users was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.93). CAD mortality was associated with a relative risk of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.36-1.45) for any use and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.40-0.91) for current use. No significant association between HRT and risk of stroke death was identified. In contrast to the mortality findings, the summary relative risk for CVD incidence is 1.28 (95% CI, 0.86-2.00) for any use and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.80-2.00) for current use. Stroke incidence was significantly increased among women using HRT, with a summary relative risk of 1.12 (95% CI 1.01-1.23), largely due to a significant increase in atherothrombotic stroke among women using HRT. In our meta-analysis, the pooled relative risk of CAD associated with any use of HRT was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.62-1.21) and for current use was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.95). When studies adjust for socioeconomic status (SES) as well as other major CAD risk factors, the summary relative risk of CAD is 0.97 (95% CI, 0.82-1.16) among current users and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.79-1.44) among ever users. Similar results were found when the analysis stratified by studies adjusting for alcohol consumption and/or exercise, in addition to other major risk factors. CONCLUSION: The association between HRT and CVD incidence and mortality, as well as CAD and stroke incidence and mortality, is uncertain, based on conflicting findings, and limited by lack of randomization and consequent selection biases among women using HRT in the observational studies. Our meta-analysis differs from prior meta-analyses by evaluating potential explanatory variables of the HRT-CVD/CAD relationship, as well as different measures of HRT exposure. It shows a small decrease in CVD and CAD deaths only among current HRT users and no effect on stroke, and suggests that SES, alcohol use, and exercise are important confounders of the HRT/CVD/CAD relationship. A valid answer to the potential role of HRT in the primary prevention of CVD will best come from randomized controlled trials.

Mortality Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Replacement Therapy

Author : Brooke Elyssa Arias
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortality Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Replacement Therapy by : Brooke Elyssa Arias

Download or read book Mortality Associated with Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Hormone Replacement Therapy written by Brooke Elyssa Arias and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in post menopausal women. There is strong evidence suggesting that estrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk. For years hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was thought to be beneficial for the prevention of CHD in postmenopausal women. Observational studies consistently concluded that HRT reduced overall mortality from CHD events in postmenopausal women. A large randomized control trial, called the Women0́9s Health Initiative (WHI), was later conducted and did not concur with these findings. This created much controversy within the medical community with regard to benefits and risks associated with HRT. However, further analysis of the WHI did show that there was reduced overall mortality in women using HRT aged 50-59. The literature review conducted was to examine if there was in fact a benefit of HRT versus placebo for postmenopausal women to reduce mortality caused from CHD. Methods: Exhaustive search of available medical literature using Medline-Ovid, CINAHL, and JAMA was conducted with the following terms: hormone replacement therapy, postmenopause, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Results: A total of 4 studies were appraised. One study was a randomized control trial and the remaining three studies were observational studies. The randomized control study initially showed an increased mortality rate from CHD among menopausal women using HRT versus placebo users, but after further evaluation did show a decreased mortality rate amongst women aged 50-59 using HRT. Observational studies showed an overall decreased mortality among women using HRT versus non-HRT users caused by CHD. Conclusion: HRT was initially thought to carry an added benefit of decreasing CHD events in postmenopausal women, but was found in randomized control trials to carry an increased risk for older women. Based on the studies evaluated, it can be concluded that women who are symptomatic from menopause and do not have a history of coronary heart disease or breast cancer would benefit from HRT as soon as menopause starts and experience reduced mortality from CHD events if taken for 2-3 years or possibly more.

The Cardioprotective Role of HRT: A Clinical Update

Author : C.M. Beale
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781850707400
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cardioprotective Role of HRT: A Clinical Update by : C.M. Beale

Download or read book The Cardioprotective Role of HRT: A Clinical Update written by C.M. Beale and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on the cardioprotective role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women and in women who have undergone bilateral oophorectomy. Author Collins has pioneered these studies and has also identified syndrome X, topic of one of the book's chapters. The book presents an objective analysis of all available data on the relationship between hormone replacement and cardiovascular risk, vascular effects of hormone replacement, and potential mechanisms of vascular function. It covers both the causative and therapeutic roles of estrogen in syndrome X and contains clinical chapters on the route of administration and on current medical opinion about the cardioprotective role of HRT. *Syndrome X is typical exertional angina pectoris, positive exercise test, and normal coronary arteriograms in the absence of coronary artery disease, systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, or valvar heart disease.

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309157331
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women

Author : Franz H. Messerli
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824796525
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (965 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women by : Franz H. Messerli

Download or read book Hypertension in Postmenopausal Women written by Franz H. Messerli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-11-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical reference reviews the epidemiology of hypertensive cardiovascular disease in menopause and its relationship to coronary heart disease-examining concurrent risk factors such as lipid abnormalities, obesity, physical activity, and smoking and discussing the use of estrogen replacement therapy to reduce cardiovascular mortality.