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Positrons At Metallic Surfaces
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Book Synopsis Positrons in Solids by : P. Hautojärvi
Download or read book Positrons in Solids written by P. Hautojärvi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In condensed matter initially fast positrons annihilate after having reached equi librium with the surroundings. The interaction of positrons with matter is governed by the laws of ordinary quantum mechanics. Field theory and antiparticle properties enter only in the annihilation process leading to the emergence of energetic photons. The monitoring of annihilation radiation by nuclear spectroscopic methods provides valuable information on the electron-positron system which can directly be related to the electronic structure of the medium. Since the positron is a positive electron its behavior in matter is especially interesting to solid-state and atomic physi cists. The small mass quarantees that the positron is really a quantum mechanical particle and completely different from any other particles and atoms. Positron physics started about 25 years ago but discoveries of new features in its interac tion with matter have maintained continuous interest and increasing activity in the field. Nowadays it is becoming part of the "stock-in-trade" of experimental physics.
Book Synopsis Electrons in Disordered Metals and at Metallic Surfaces by : P. Phariseau
Download or read book Electrons in Disordered Metals and at Metallic Surfaces written by P. Phariseau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present here the transcripts of lectures and talks which were delivered at the NATO ADVANCED STUDY INSTITUTE "Electrons in Disordered Hetals and at ~~etallic Surfaces" held at the State University of Ghent, Belgium between August 28 and September 9, 1978. The aim of these lectures was to highlight some of the current progress in our understanding of the degenerate electron 'liquid' in an external field which is neither uniform nor periodic. This theme brought together such topics as the electronic structure at metallic surfaces and in random metallic alloys, liquid metals and metallic glasses. As is the case in connection with infinite order ed crystals, the central issues to be discussed were the nature of the electronic spectra, the stability of the various phases and the occurrence of such phenomena as magnetism and supercon ductivity. In the theoretical lectures the emphasis was on detailed rea listic calculations based, more or less, on the density functional approach to the problem of the inhomogeneous electron liquid. How ever, where such calculations were not available, as in the case of magnetism in random alloys and that of metallic glasses, sim pler phenomenological models were used. The theoretical discussions were balanced by reviews of the most promising experimental techniques. Here the stress was on results and their relevance to the fundamental theory. lforeover, the attention had centered on those experiments which probe the electronic structure in the greatest detail.
Book Synopsis Positron Spectroscopy of Solids by : Società italiana di fisica
Download or read book Positron Spectroscopy of Solids written by Società italiana di fisica and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lifetime of a positron inside a solid is normally less than a fraction of nanosecond. This is a very short time on a human scale, but is long enough to enable the positron to visit an extended region of the material, and to sense the atomic and electronic structure of the environment. Thus, we can inject a positron in a sample to draw from it some signal giving us information on the microscopic properties of the material. This idea has been successfully developed in a number of positron-based techniques of physical analysis, with resolution in energy, momentum, or position. The complex of these techniques is what we call now positron spectroscopy of solids. The field of application of the positron spectroscopy extends from advanced problems of solid-state physics to industrial applications in the area of characterization of high-tech materials. This volume focuses the attention on the physics that can be learned from positron-based methods, but also frames those methods in a wider context including other experimental approaches. It can be considered as a textbook on positron spectroscopy of solids, the sort of book that the newcomer takes for his approach to this field, but also as a useful research tool for the expert.
Book Synopsis Mechanical Properties Of Metals by : C W Lung
Download or read book Mechanical Properties Of Metals written by C W Lung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-07-05 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is intended to describe the basic and newly developed elements of the physics of solids and materials science on mechanical properties of metals with as much continuity as is possible. Particular emphasis has been placed in atomistic and fractal approaches and continuum theory of dislocations is also introduced. Since the book is meant for the two main topics of progress in recent years, some interesting and important topics which have not been discussed or introduced are given in detail.For a long time, pair potentials were used very expensively in simulation studies. They can reproduce usefully total energies for many systems. But when one turns to elastic properties, fracture of surfaces, and the vacancy formation energy, deficiencies and limitations begin to emerge. These limitations of the simple pair potential approximation have been addressed by the development of empirical many-body potentials which is the major theme of our book.Over a decade or more, diverse scientists have recognized that many of the structures common in their experiments have a special kind of geometrical complexity. The key to this progress is the recognition that many random structures obey a symmetry that objects look the same on many different scales of observation. The concept of fractals was introduced by Mandelbrot and applied to fractures by himself and collaborators. Their work pointed to a correlation between toughness and the fractal dimension. Our interest is the fractal aspects of fractured surfaces. We will discuss more in our book.The strain field of a dislocation has a long range part and this part can be discussed rigorously from elasticity theory. Recent progress in elastic strain fields and dislocation mobility were made by Indenbom and Lothe. The elementary essentials will be introduced in our book.
Book Synopsis Physical Processes in Positron Scattering at Metal Surfaces by : Joseph Oliva
Download or read book Physical Processes in Positron Scattering at Metal Surfaces written by Joseph Oliva and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microscopic Methods in Metals by : Ulrich Gonser
Download or read book Microscopic Methods in Metals written by Ulrich Gonser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods of scientific investigation can be divided into two categories: they are either macroscopic or microscopic in nature. The former are generally older, classical methods where the sample as a whole is studied and various local prop erties are deduced by differentiation. The microscopic methods, on the other hand, have been discovered and developed more recently, and they operate for the most part on an atomistic scale. Glancing through the shelves of books on the various scientific fields, and, in particular, on the field of physical metallurgy, we are surprised at how lit tle consideration has been given to the microscopic methods. How these tools provide new insight and information is a question which so far has not at tracted much attention. Similar observations can be made at scientific confer ences, where the presentation of papers involving microscopic methods is often pushed into a far corner. This has led users of such methods to organize their own special conferences. The aim of this book is to bridge the present gap and encourage more interaction between the various fields of study and selected microscopic meth ods, with special emphasis on their suitability for investigating metals. In each case the principles of the method are reviewed, the advantages and successes pointed out, but also the shortcomings and limitations indicated.
Book Synopsis Positron Beams and Their Applications by : Paul G. Coleman
Download or read book Positron Beams and Their Applications written by Paul G. Coleman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the generation and application of mono-energetic positron beams. It has been written by acknowledged experts, at a level accessible to graduate students working, or planning to work, with positron beams, and to scientists in other areas who want to know something about the field.The book begins with a brief historical introduction and an overview of how positron beams are generated and transported. A description of the fate of slow positrons in gaseous and condensed matter, with reference to many of the fundamental measurements made possible by the advent of positron beams, is followed by a discussion on applications in the study of solid surfaces, defect profiling in subsurface regions, interfaces and thin films, and the probing of bulk properties in novel ways. The book ends with a look at the future, considering the prospects for intense positron beams and their potential for further research.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NSA is a comprehensive collection of international nuclear science and technology literature for the period 1948 through 1976, pre-dating the prestigious INIS database, which began in 1970. NSA existed as a printed product (Volumes 1-33) initially, created by DOE's predecessor, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). NSA includes citations to scientific and technical reports from the AEC, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration and its contractors, plus other agencies and international organizations, universities, and industrial and research organizations. References to books, conference proceedings, papers, patents, dissertations, engineering drawings, and journal articles from worldwide sources are also included. Abstracts and full text are provided if available.
Book Synopsis Positron Beams And Their Applications by : Paul G Coleman
Download or read book Positron Beams And Their Applications written by Paul G Coleman and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2000-01-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a coherent and comprehensive overview of the generation and application of mono-energetic positron beams. It has been written by acknowledged experts, at a level accessible to graduate students working, or planning to work, with positron beams, and to scientists in other areas who want to know something about the field.The book begins with a brief historical introduction and an overview of how positron beams are generated and transported. A description of the fate of slow positrons in gaseous and condensed matter, with reference to many of the fundamental measurements made possible by the advent of positron beams, is followed by a discussion on applications in the study of solid surfaces, defect profiling in subsurface regions, interfaces and thin films, and the probing of bulk properties in novel ways. The book ends with a look at the future, considering the prospects for intense positron beams and their potential for further research.
Book Synopsis Physics with Many Positrons by : Alfredo Dupasquier
Download or read book Physics with Many Positrons written by Alfredo Dupasquier and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the exception of positron emission tomography (PET), the field of low energy positron science produces relatively few academic articles each year compared to more accessible fields. Though much has been achieved since the publication of two related volumes earlier in this series: Positron Solid State Physics (1981) and Positron Spectroscopy of Solids (1993), only the first steps have been made towards 'physics with many positrons': physical situations where the interactions of positrons with positrons can be observed. This 2009 "Enrico Fermi School" aims to stimulate the field o.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Positron Physics written by M. Charlton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-13 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the field of low energy positrons and positronium within atomic and molecular physics. Each chapter contains a blend of theory and experiment, giving a balanced treatment of all the topics. Useful for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Atomic Physics with Positrons by : J.W. Humberston
Download or read book Atomic Physics with Positrons written by J.W. Humberston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Atomic Physics with Positrons, which was held at University College London during 15-18 July 1987, was the fourth meeting in a series devoted to the general theme of positron colli sions in gases. Previous meetings have been held at York University, Toronto (1981); Royal Holloway College, Egham (1983) and Wayne State Uni versity, Detroit (1985). Recent very significant improvements in positron beam currents, due to the development of more efficient moderators and the use of more intense positron sources, are making possible an increasingly sophisticated range of experiments in atomic collision physics. Whereas a few years ago only total scattering cross sections could be determined, measurements can now be made of various partial and differential cross sections. Intense positron beams are also being used to produce positronium beams and already, as reported here, preliminary investigations have been made of collisions of positronium with several target systems. These experimental developments have stimulated, and been stimulated by, steady, if somewhat less spectacu1ar,progress in associated theoretical studies. Both aspects of the field are well represented in these Proceed ings.
Book Synopsis Positron Scattering in Gases by : John W. Humberston
Download or read book Positron Scattering in Gases written by John W. Humberston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first conference in this series, devoted principally to the interaction of positrons in gases, was held at York University, Toronto, in July 1981 immediately preceding the XII ICPEAC in Gatlinburg, and the proceedings were published in the Canadian Journal of Physics, volume 60 (1982). So successful was this meeting that the decision was taken to hold a second one around the time of XIII ICPEAC in Berlin in 1983. London was clearly a convenient location but, rather than the obvious choice of University College London in central London, the Organising Committee decided that the beautiful and peaceful surroundings of Royal Holloway College would provide a more pleasant and intimate atmosphere for a small meeting. Even a small conference requires substantial sums of money to pay the expenses of invited speakers and when considering possible sources of funds the Organising Committee recognised that the intended format of the meeting and the international composition of the participants made it appropriate to apply to the NATO Science Committee for support under the Advanced Research Workshop Programme. This was one of the few successful applications made this year, and so it was that the conference became the 'NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Positron Scattering in Gases'. The Workshop, with approximately sixty participants, started after lunch on 19 July, 1983 and finished at mid-day on 23 July.
Book Synopsis Quantum Electrodynamics by : Toichiro Kinoshita
Download or read book Quantum Electrodynamics written by Toichiro Kinoshita and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum electrodynamics is an essential building block and an integral part of the gauge theory of unified electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, the so-called standard model. Its failure or breakdown at some level would have a most profound impact on the theoretical foundations of elementary particle physics as a whole. Thus the validity of QED has been the subject of intense experimental tests over more than 40 years of its history. This volume presents an up-to-date review of high precision experimental tests of QED together with comprehensive discussion of required theoretical work.
Book Synopsis The Physics of Metals and Metallography by :
Download or read book The Physics of Metals and Metallography written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
