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Author : Robert Scott Carr
Publisher : Setac Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Porewater Toxicity Testing written by Robert Scott Carr and published by Setac Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Methods for Assessing the Toxicity of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Estuarine and Marine Amphipods written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Blair Gordon McDonald
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Comparison of Porewater and Elutriate Bivalve Larval Development Toxicity Testing in a Sediment Quality Triad Framework written by Blair Gordon McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnitude and extent of contaminated marine sediment are frequently assessed using a Sediment Quality Triad framework involving multiple toxicity tests using a variety of species, toxicological endpoints and exposure systems. Data are integrated into an overall assessment of sediment quality using a weight of evidence approach. Guidance on the selection of appropriate toxicity tests recommends a wide range of organism type, life-cycle, exposure route, and feeding type be included - porewater bivalve larval development tests increases the number of exposure routes under consideration. Interpretation of porewater toxicity data are subject to limitations, in part, related to the extensive chemical manipulations associated with the extraction of in situ anoxic porewater and the subsequent aeration required for the laboratory-based toxicity test. The ability of the porewater-only test to represent ecologically relevant adverse effects in the field appears minimal. Results from concurrent porewater and elutriate toxicity testing using newly fertilized larvae of the bivalve, Mytilus galloprovincialis are provided to illustrate these problems. Porewater samples were consistently more toxic than the corresponding elutriate sample, and ammonia, a common confounding factor in sediment toxicology, was identified as the most likely toxic agent for the majority of samples. Porewater toxicity testing using M. galloprovincialis is therefore not recommended as a routine element of the sediment quality triad unless additional chemistry (samples used for testing as well as in situ) are available to facilitate an appropriate interpretation of the resulting toxicity data.
Author : PV. Winger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Testing written by PV. Winger and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influences of test method and sample manipulation on toxicity of sediment and sediment pore water were evaluated using a series of toxicity tests with MicrotoxR and Hyalella azteca. Although the chemistry and toxicity of pore water extracted with vacuum-operated syringe and centrifuge were similar, the advantages of the vacuum-operated extractor outweighed those of the centrifuge. Sample disturbance and storage time influenced toxicity, but freezing, refrigeration, and pore-water volume did not. The inherent variability in assessment of toxicity from moderately contaminated sediments was adequately described by using 5-10 replicates per treatment. Feeding did not improve survival in control or reference treatments during 10-day toxicity tests. Static and static-renewal tests on pore water and solid-phase sediment were similar in sensitivity to assessing sediment quality.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Author : Julián Blasco
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012803372X
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Marine Ecotoxicology written by Julián Blasco and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world’s oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters
Author : G.Allen Burton
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351093452
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Sediment Toxicity Assessment written by G.Allen Burton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment Toxicity Assessment provides the latest information regarding how to evaluate sediment contamination and its effects on aquatic ecosystems. It presents an integrated ecosystem approach by detailing effective assessment methods, considerations, and effects to each major component of marine and freshwater systems, including the benthos, plankton, and fish communities. The approaches emphasize defining habitat conditions (physical and chemical), toxicant bioavailability, factors influencing toxicity (lab and field), biomarkers, acute and chronic toxicity, study design, collection methods, and EPA management strategies. The book also explains how to integrate the assessments. Sediment Toxicity Assessment will be useful to to all environmental managers, environmental scientists, ecotoxicologists, environmental regulators, aquatic ecologists, environmental contractors and consultants, instructors, students, conservation commissions, and environmental activist organizations.
Author : Peter G. Wells
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351431447
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)
Download or read book Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology written by Peter G. Wells and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world. This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology. Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264070265
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 218: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Sediment written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test ...
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Toxicity of Marine Sediments and Pore Waters Spiked With Ordnance Compounds written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to help quantify the potential effects of sediment contamination with ordnance compounds to the benthic biota. This objective was achieved by conducting toxicity tests with sediments spiked with ordnance compounds, using whole sediment tests with a benthic amphipod and porewater tests with different life stages of three marine organisms. The selection of ordnance compounds and porewater test species for this study was based on the results of previous studies, where a database for toxicity of eight different ordnance compounds to six marine species was generated. The ordnance compounds selected for the present study were 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), tetryl and picric acid. Two kinds of sediments were spiked with each ordnance compound. Spiked sediments were allowed to equilibrate for approximately 1 week prior to porewater extraction and to toxicity testing of the solid-phase. Solid-phase tests were conducted using the 10-day acute test with the benthic amphipod, Ampelisca abdita. Porewater toxicity tests were conducted using the 48-hour embryological development test with the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, the 96-hour zoospore germination and germling growth test with the macro-alga, Ulva fasciata, and the 7-day survival and reproduction test with the burrowing polychaete, Dinophilus gyroclliatus. These species and endpoints were identified previously as being among the most sensitive for these ordnance compounds.
Author : U.S. Department of the Interior
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781495958717
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (587 download)
Download or read book Sediment Pore-Water Toxicity Test Results and Preliminary Toxicity Identification of Post-Landfall Pore-Water Samples Collected Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Release, Gulf of Mexico, 2010 written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pore water from coastal beach and marsh sediments from the northern Gulf of Mexico, pre- and post-landfall of the Deepwater Horizon oil release, were collected and evaluated for toxicity with the sea urchin fertilization and embryological development assays. There were 17 pre-landfall samples and 49 post-landfall samples tested using both assays. Toxicity was determined in four pre-landfall sites and in seven post-landfall sites in one or both assays as compared to a known reference sediment pore-water sample collected in Aransas Bay, Texas. Further analysis and testing of five of the post-landfall toxic samples utilizing Toxicity Identification Evaluation techniques indicated that ammonia, and to a lesser extent metals, contributed to most, if not all, of the observed toxicity in four of the five samples. Results of one sample (MS–39) indicated evidence that ammonia, metals, and non-ionic organics were contributing to the observed toxicity.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264070281
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (64 download)
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 219: Sediment-Water Chironomid Toxicity Using Spiked Water written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-23 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline is designed to assess the effects of prolonged exposure of chemicals to the sediment-dwelling larvae of the freshwater dipteran Chironomus sp. First instar chironomid larvae are exposed to at least five concentrations of the test ...
Author : Christian Blaise
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402035535
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Small-scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations written by Christian Blaise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad review is the first to gather comprehensive information on the complete contemporary range of toxicity testing procedures and hazard assessment procedures, which is normally scattered and difficult to find. The two-volume set provides a consistent, template-based approach, linking relevant information on background, theory and practice to each bioassay. Volume 2 examines hazard assessment schemes. Includes extensive glossary.
Author : Graeme Batley
Publisher : CSIRO PUBLISHING
ISBN 13 : 1486303862
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Sediment Quality Assessment written by Graeme Batley and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2016-02-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated sediments represent an ongoing threat to the health of aquatic ecosystems. The assessment of sediment quality is, therefore, an important concern for environmental regulators. Sediment quality guidelines are now well established in regulatory frameworks worldwide; however, practical guidance that covers all of the key aspects of sediment quality assessment is not readily available. In 2005, CSIRO published its highly cited Handbook for Sediment Quality Assessment. In the ensuing period, the science has advanced considerably. This practical guide is a revised and much expanded second edition, which will be a valuable tool for environmental practitioners. Written by experts in the field, it provides coverage of: sediment sampling; sample preparation; chemical analysis; ecotoxicology; bioaccumulation; biomarkers; and ecological assessment. In addition, detailed appendices describe protocols for many of the tests to be used.
Author : Lisa Ann May
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (966 download)
Download or read book Phase I Porewater Toxicity Testing of Sediment from 25 Near-shore Sites in St. Croix, USVI written by Lisa Ann May and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "St. Croix (STX) is one of three major islands comprising the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) territory. The island encompasses a total land area of 84 square miles, with approximately 70 miles of coastal shoreline. Protection of critical reef habitats is the responsibility of the USVI Department of Planning and Natural Resources, U. S. National Park Service and NOAA, however threats remain to coral reef health from a variety of sources including pollution (LBSP), global climate change and overfishing. Impacts to several populations of Acropora palmata coral were found at Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) in a 2013 survey of reproductive condition using histological analysis for the presence of gametes, prompting further investigation. As the first step of an environmental investigation into the potential causes of reproductive failure in Acropora palmata corals in the waters of St. Croix, a survey of 25 near shore sites (including MPAs) was conducted during June 2015 to evaluate their toxicity potential. Toxicity of these sites was assessed using sediment porewater in the sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryo development bioassay. A subsequent effort was also initiated to characterize the observed toxicity in the original samples (preliminary phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE)). In addition, sediment interstitial water (porewater) was evaluated for salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, inorganic phosphate and total phosphorus (TP) prior to the bioassay"--Introduction.
Author : K. Clive Thompson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 140514470X
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Environmental Toxicity Testing written by K. Clive Thompson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As an integral component of environmental policy, it has become essential to regulate and monitor toxic substances. Past emphasis has been primarily on analytical approaches to the detection of specific, targeted contaminants, thus allowing chemical characterisation. However, toxicity testing or biological assessment is necessary for ecotoxicological evaluation, and this offers marked benefits and advantages that complement chemical analysis. Key issues to be addressed include identification of pertinent tests, reproducibility and robustness of these tests, and cost considerations.This book examines these issues and describes and explains the approaches that have been developed for environmental toxicity evaluations. Advantages, benefits and drawbacks of the strategies and methods are highlighted. Directed equally at ecotoxicologists, industrial chemists, analytical chemists and environmental consultants, this book is written in a way that will prove helpful to both new and experienced practitioners.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309478219
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether the result of an oil well blowout, vessel collision or grounding, leaking pipeline, or other incident at sea, each marine oil spill will present unique circumstances and challenges. The oil type and properties, location, time of year, duration of spill, water depth, environmental conditions, affected biomes, potential human community impact, and available resources may vary significantly. Also, each spill may be governed by policy guidelines, such as those set forth in the National Response Plan, Regional Response Plans, or Area Contingency Plans. To respond effectively to the specific conditions presented during an oil spill, spill responders have used a variety of response optionsâ€"including mechanical recovery of oil using skimmers and booms, in situ burning of oil, monitored natural attenuation of oil, and dispersion of oil by chemical dispersants. Because each response method has advantages and disadvantages, it is important to understand specific scenarios where a net benefit may be achieved by using a particular tool or combination of tools. This report builds on two previous National Research Council reports on dispersant use to provide a current understanding of the state of science and to inform future marine oil spill response operations. The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill included an unprecedented use of dispersants via both surface application and subsea injection. The magnitude of the spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill response, and dispersant use in particular. This study assesses the effects and efficacy of dispersants as an oil spill response tool and evaluates trade-offs associated with dispersant use.
