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Author : N. C. Billingham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Polymer Stabilisation Mechanisms and Applications written by N. C. Billingham and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. L. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642693768
Total Pages : 129 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. L. Hawkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of polymers as an important class of material was inhibited at the first by the premature failure of these versatile compounds in many applications. The deterioration of important properties of both natural and synthetic polymers is the result of irreversible changes in composition and structure of polymers molecules. As a result of these reactions, mechanical, electrical and/or aesthetic properties are degraded beyond acceptable limits. It is now generally recognized that stabilization against degradation is necessary if the useful life of polymers is to be extended sufficiently to meet design requirements for long-term applications. Polymers degrade by a wide variety of mechanisms, several of which affect all polymers through to varying degree. This monograph will concentrate on those degradation mechanisms which result from reactions of polymers with oxygen in its various forms and which are accelerated by heat and/or radiation. Those stabilization mechanisms are discussed which are based on an understanding of degradation reaction mechanisms that are reasonably well established. The stabilization of polymers is still undergoing a transition from an art to a science as mechanisms of degradation become more fully developed. A scientific approach to stabilization can only be approached when there is an understanding of the reactions that lead to degradation. Stabilization against biodegradation and burning will not be discussed since there is not a clear understanding of how polymers degrade under these conditions.
Author : G. Scott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401138389
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by G. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.
Author : G. Scott
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401138390
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (383 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by G. Scott and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this publication is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complemen tary and ultimately more important objective is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on a firm mechanistic foundation. With the continual increase in the number of commercial anti oxidants and stabilisers, often functioning by mechanisms not even considered ten years ago, there is a need for a general theory which will allow the potential user to predict the performance of a particular antioxidant structure under specific practical conditions. Any such predictive tool must involve a simplified kinetic approach to inhibited oxidation and, in Chapter 1, Denisov outlines a possible mechanistic approach with the potential to predict the most useful antioxidant to use and the limits of its usefulness. In Chapter 2, Schwetlick reviews the current state of knowledge on the antioxidant mechanisms of the phosphite esters with particular emphasis on their catalytic peroxidolytic activity. Dithiophosphate v vi PREFACE derivatives show a similar behaviour but for quite different reasons and, in Chapter 3, AI-Malaika reviews information available from analytical studies, particularly using 31p_NMR spectroscopy, to elucid ate the complex chemistry that leads to the formation of the antioxidant -active agents.
Author : G. Scott
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400934297
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Developments in Polymer Stabilisation—8 written by G. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present series of publications is two-fold. In the first place it is intended to review progress in the development of practical stabilising systems for a wide range of polymers and applications. A complementary and ultimately more important objec tive is to accommodate these practical developments within the framework of antioxidant theory, since there can be little question that further major advances in the practice of stabilisation technology will only be possible on the basis of a firm mechanistic foundation. Research into the role of 'stable' free radicals as antioxidants and stabilisers for polymers has intensified in recent years. Nitroxyl radicals (nitroxides) were the earliest long-lived radicals to be investi gated in detail and Maslov and Zaikov review the developments that have taken place in understanding their reaction mechanisms from the time when they were first investigated in liquid hydrocarbon systems to the present day when their outstanding performance as light stabilisers has been the object of much scientific research. Although some features of their reactivity remain obscure, the authors approach the problem kinetically and indicate the factors limiting their effectiveness.
Author : Hans Zweifel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642803059
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Stabilization of Polymeric Materials written by Hans Zweifel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plastics are used worldwide in everyday life, e.g. as food packaging, electronics, construction, automotive parts, and household appliances. To produce these products with the desired service lifetimes the use of suitable stabilizers is necessary. This book provides a concise and comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms of plastic degradation processes caused by heat and light. At its core is a detailed description of the stabilization of different polymers, including an explanation of stabilization mechanisms and the influence of commonly used additives such as fillers, flame retardents and pigments on the stability of plastic. Every polymer scientist, material technologist, or application engineer dealing with the design of the properties of plastics will benefit from this new overview.
Author : Norman Grassie
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521357975
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (579 download)
Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988-04-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of polymer degradation and stabilisation is of considerable practical importance as the industrial uses of polymeric materials continue to expand. In this book, the authors lucidly relate technological phenomena to the chemistry and physics of degradation and stabilisation processes. Degradation embraces a variety of technologically important phenomena ranging from relatively low temperature processes such as 'weathering' of plastics, 'fatigue' of rubbers through the processing of polymers in shearing mixers to very high temperature processes such as flammability and ablation. All these technological phenomena have in common certain basic chemical reactions. Thus 'weathering' has its roots in photo-oxidation, 'fatigue' and melt-degradation in mechano-oxidation and flammability, and ablation in ablation in pyrolysis and vapour phase oxidation.
Author : W. Lincoln Hawkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780387128511
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (285 download)
Download or read book Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by W. Lincoln Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N.S. Allen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781851667734
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (677 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Polymer Degradation and Stabilization written by N.S. Allen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-10-31 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, the field of polymer degradation and stabilization has become a subject of central importance in polymer science and technology. This book provides a fundamental source of information designed for those with only a basic understanding of the background of the field.
Author : Roger Lee Clough
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Polymer Durability written by Roger Lee Clough and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the science of polymer durability. Discusses the molecular mechanisms of polymer aging and deterioration, emphasizing UV and thermal exposure environments. Describes a variety of analytical techniques for studying degradation, with special emphasis on chemiluminescence. Covers advances in the use of additives and other approaches for enhancing polymer stability. Reviews mechanisms and applications of major classes of stabilizers, and discusses the problem of stabilizer migration and loss. Examines new methods for predicting the aging rate and lifetime of a material.
Author : T. R Crompton
Publisher : Smithers Rapra
ISBN 13 : 1847355153
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (473 download)
Download or read book Thermal Stability of Polymers written by T. R Crompton and published by Smithers Rapra. This book was released on 2012-05-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years numerous research papers have been published on the changes in chemical structure and in physical properties of polymers when they are exposed to heat over a range of temperatures. For example, these changes can occur at any time during the injection moulding of the plastic, in the subsequent processing and in its end-use application when exposed to elevated temperatures. Thermal stability is a very important parameter which must be taken into account when selecting polymers whether for their use as constructional or engineering applications or in the packaging of food at high temperatures. The mechanisms by which such changes occur are many and it is important to know what these are and to be able to measure the rate of change of polymer structure and its dependence on temperature and time. Development of an understanding of the mechanisms of thermal degradation will help the chemist to develop materials with better thermal stability. This is particularly important in newer developments in engineering and aerospace. This book reviews in nine chapters the measurement of these properties in the main types of polymers in use today. Numerous techniques are discussed ranging from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance based methods to pyrolytic techniques such as those based on pyrolysis, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The book is aimed at those engaged in the manufacture of polymers and the development of end-use applications. It is essential that students of polymer science should have a thorough understanding of polymer stability and an additional aim of the book is to help in the development of such an interest.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (354 download)
Download or read book Polymer Additives in Stabilisation written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Gerald Scott
Publisher : Elsevier Science & Technology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Developments in Polymer Stabilisation written by Gerald Scott and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1979 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : I. Meisel
Publisher : Wiley-VCH
ISBN 13 : 9783527303380
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Polymer Reactive Processing, Stabilisation and Functionalisation written by I. Meisel and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-04-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to further develop the applications of polymers, it is necessary to control their useful life, i.e., we must know how to stabilise polymers effectively. We must therefore understand the mechanisms that cause polymers to degrade and the effects of processing and modifying the polymers on their stability. The 1st Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation (MoDeSt 2000) was held in Palermo, Italy in 2000. It brought together scientists and technologists from a range of academic and industrial backgrounds to discuss the topics in a dedicated environment. This volume of Macromolecular Symposia presents invited lectures from two of the sessions -- 'Processing and Melt Stabilisation' and 'Functionalisation and Reactive Processing'. It therefore represents a good sample of very recent work in these areas.
Author : J.F. Rabek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401112746
Total Pages : 679 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Polymer Photodegradation written by J.F. Rabek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40~60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. The photochemical instability of most polymers limits their outdoor application as they are photodegraded quickly over periods from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from knowledge collected in laboratories. In order to improve polymer photostability there has been a very big effort during the last 30 years to understand the mechanisms involved in photodegradation and environmental ageing. This book represents the author's attempt, based on his 25 years' experience in research on photodegradation and photo stabilization, to collect and generalize a number of available data on the photodegradation of polymers. The space limitation and the tremendous number of publications in the past two decades have made a detailed presentation of all important results and data difficult. The author apologizes to those whose work has not been quoted or widely presented in this book. Because many published results are very often contradictory, it has been difficult to present a fully critical review of collected knowledge, without antagonizing authors. For that reason, all available theories, mechanisms and different suggestions have been presented together, and only practice can evaluate which of them are valid.
Author : Norman Grassie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (354 download)
Download or read book Polymer Additives in Stabilisation written by Norman Grassie and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vincent Hackley
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482271117
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Polymers in Particulate Systems written by Vincent Hackley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-11-09 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Presents the latest research on the flow and structure of complex particulate sustemsions, the adsorption behavior of polymers, and the consolidation behavior and mechanical properties of films. Highlights recent advances in polymer functionality, conformation, and chemistry for biological, biomedical, and industrial applications."
