Impact of Political Stability on Economic Development

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Publisher : Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1645692477
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Political Stability on Economic Development by : Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit

Download or read book Impact of Political Stability on Economic Development written by Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit and published by Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main theme of this study is chosen in response to the general consensus on the importance of conducting a comprehensive study that may shape the economic policies and promote the business sector as well as the government and other organizations. However, the key question posed by this study is whether the theory that political stability fosters economic development is simply the wishful thinking of people who value both stability and growth or whether it is a delusion of those who believe that most developing countries may enjoy rapid growth if they are stable. The importance of this study is clear: South Sudan is confronted with enormous challenges of administrative, ethnic, political, and economic development. In light of this, the current study addresses the following issues: "What is the impact of the political system in South Sudan on economic development? What is the impact of oil resources on sustainable development? What is the impact of the oil shutdown on political and economic stability, and what is the possibility of deficit financing? Is there any possibility for cooperation between Sudan and South Sudan?" In this context, the major objective of this study is to analyze the political development of the country to verify that political stability fosters the achievement of economic and social development. It also seeks to analyse the political history of Sudan in general and South Sudan in particular, emphasising the importance of political stability, among other considerations, as a precondition for socioeconomic development. Furthermore, other objectives of the study include suggestions on how political stability could be ensured in South Sudan and how good governance may promote political and economic stability. In light of the above, this study focuses on the issues of the political transition and policies that will improve the economic, political, and social well-being of the people of South Sudan. It seeks ways of setting up policies that will raise the standard of living of people with sustained growth and move from a simple, low-income economy to a modern, high-income economy. It also attempts to develop a framework for cooperation between Sudan and South Sudan. The methodology that is adopted to address these issues is collecting, sorting, and analysing primary and secondary information relating to the history of political and economic development in South Sudan, using empirical approaches such as SWOT analysis, information sources, references, and books. However, this study is organized as follows: chapter 1 discusses political stability and economic development in a theoretical framework through which we explore the empirical analysis; it is divided into four sections. Section 1 focuses on definition, causes, and measurement of political stability with an aim to assess the effect of political stability on growth-related variables. In section 2, we define the concept of political instability and measure it by using indicators like the number of coups d'état, the number of major government crises, the number of cabinet changes, and the number of political revolutions as well as political assassinations. Section 3 discusses the concept and definition of economic development and summarizes the major theories of economic development in five fundamental elements. The last section explores the implications of financing economic development by discussing domestic resources (including deficit financing) and foreign financial resources and the role of each of them in achieving economic development. Chapter 2 presents the political and social background of South Sudan is divided into three sections. Section 1 discusses South Sudan's ability to function and successfully implement its policies and strategic vision for the year 2040. Section 2 focuses on the demographic structure of South Sudan in terms of population, education, languages, and culture. Section 3 discusses the social indicators such as infrastructure, poverty, and corruption which affect improving social welfare as well as the political stability and economic development of the Republic of South Sudan. Chapter 3 focuses on the South Sudan economy and the challenges. Here we discuss the political and development challenges facing South Sudan as well as the investment opportunities. This chapter discusses the major challenges which face South Sudan, especially issues such as border demarcation, political reform, and oil shutdown as well as investment opportunities in oil and agriculture. In chapter 4, we discuss South Sudan's oil and economic development. It focuses on oil resources and their impact on sustainable development, the impact of oil shutdown on political and economic development and the possibility of deficit financing. In chapter 5, we discuss the future of stability and prosperity in South Sudan. It discusses how good governance and cooperation can be enormously beneficial to South Sudan in the process of building sustainable political and economic stability and what South Sudan can learn from other countries. The major findings of this study are as follows: - Political stability plays an important role in determining economic growth and economic development in many economies. - The degree of political stability is high if there is a high degree of democracy or autocracy. - Strong democracies or strong autocracies are best equipped to provide political stability that may lead to economic development. It is then the level of political stability within a given country, regardless of regime type, that results in economic growth. - Long-term sustainable economic growth depends on the ability to raise the rates of accumulation of physical and human capital by securing necessary sources (domestic, foreign, or deficit finance) to use efficiently for financing economic development. - Most economists view corruption as a major obstacle to development. It is seen as one of the causes of low income and is believed to play a critical role in generating poverty traps (e.g., Blackburn et al. 2006). Thus, corruption, according to this view, "sands" the wheels of development and it makes economic and political transitions difficult. - Not only is good governance critical to development, but it is also the most important factor in determining whether a country has the capacity to use resources effectively to promote economic growth and reduce poverty.

Political Stability and Economic Development : Case of South Sudan

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Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659371813
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (718 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Stability and Economic Development : Case of South Sudan by : Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit

Download or read book Political Stability and Economic Development : Case of South Sudan written by Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political stability and economic development are deeply interconnected. On the one hand, the uncertainty associated with an unstable political environment may reduce investment and the speed of economic development. On the other hand, poor economic performance may lead to government collapse and political unrest.The question is "Why most of developing countries are unable to enjoy rapid growth? A politically unstable environment usually means that the government is misusing or mismanaging the country's resources: resources are not being used to their full capacity, or in a manner whereby economic development could be maximized. In a situation where civil war is occurring, money and human resources can be taken away from normal jobs and processes, which could had been used to develop the economy. It is also right that if a country's political environment is volatile, this will deter investors, foreign trade, and economic development. Those problems are embodied in the new state of South Sudan along with the dependance on one economic resource, oil production. How to finance development can be an impediment in the process of building a nation.

The Role of Institutions In Achieving Financial Stability and Sustainable Economic Development In South Sudan

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Publisher : Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1645693686
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Institutions In Achieving Financial Stability and Sustainable Economic Development In South Sudan by : Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit

Download or read book The Role of Institutions In Achieving Financial Stability and Sustainable Economic Development In South Sudan written by Addis Ababa Othow Akongdit and published by Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2019-10-04 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Sudan is currently facing a serious economic crisis occasioned by: i. the oil shutdown which began at the beginning of 2012; ii. the civil conflict which erupted in December 2013; iii. declining international crude oil prices which went down by almost 62% (from USD 104 per barrel in 2013 to USD 40 in 2016); iv. drastic decline in the daily oil production as a result of partial closure of Upper Nile oil fields and; v. total shutdown of Unity State oil fields as a result of the war. All these factors have a significant negative impact on the South Sudan's economy. On the other hand, South Sudan has abundant and mostly untapped natural resources. It has great agricultural potential given that the country is very fertile and blessed with land, water and mineral resource which are substantial in relation to the relatively small population of 10 million plus. Effective management and development of these resources will therefore offer the prospect of sustained strong economic growth. Hence, the key research questions for this study are: Why some countries experience sustained levels of steady economic growth much faster while others stagnate? What can to improve the role of economic and political institutions in economic performance? There is extensive evidence that institutions matter a great deal in determining the level of economic development of a country. They strongly affect the economic performance of countries and act in society at all levels by determining the frameworks in which economic exchange occurs. Many Economists have shown that differences in institutions, as deep determinants of economic growth, account for much of the differences in income and productivity per head observed between countries (Acemoglu et al., 2005 ). Institutions shape the policy and governance setting in a given country, which in turn characterize the rule of law, risk of expropriation, political stability and ease of doing business. This study ends by suggesting the most importing mechanisms to strengthen the political and economic institutions that will create public trust in the government and its institutions and lead to sustainable development and prosperity. With that in mind, the institutions should support the public and private sector, capability, social infrastructure, good governance, rules of laws in order to achieve sustainable economic growth and financial stability. In this context, the main objectives of this study is to analyze the economic and political structure in South Sudan to ensure its role in achieving sustainable Economic Development and to analyze the effectiveness of macroeconomic policies in responding to economic shocks. It is also opted to examine the structural soundness of the South Sudan economy and the efficiency of its key institutions in addressing the challenges. In particular, the role of a strong and healthy financial sector in weathering shocks and sustaining growth. In light of the above, this study focuses on the greater role institutions have played in the economic development of several East Asian countries as well as Africa. Though, it is argued that the institutions can be weaker and ineffective simply because of administrative, institutional, ethnic, social and political challenges including poor enforcement of the rule of law, corruption, mismanagement, lack of strong civil society and political interference. However, the strength of an institution determines whether a country will be poor or wealthy, whether or not its people are free or oppressed and if its people will suffer from poverty or benefit from prosperity. Therefore, the main recommendations of this study can be summarized as follows: - developing effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels; - building a variety of healthy institutions that can accelerate and spearhead growth; - building strong political and governmental institutions that enhance the governance - reforming the institutions with an aim to move from situations of stagnation to rapid growth or a better development paths; The study embraces a multi-pronged methodology, pursuing a combination of relevant methods and approaches of data collection, including both primary and secondary information sources. This study is organized as follows: Chapter 1 discusses the institutions, financial stability and sustainable Economic Development, theoretical framework in which we explore in the empirical analysis. Chapter 2 presents the historical background of institutions in South Sudan Chapter 3 focuses on institutions and financial stability where we discuss the institutional policies and approach for financial stability as well as issues of globalization, transparency, accountability and its impact on financial stability. In chapter 4, I discuss institutions and sustainable economic growth. It focuses on fundamentals and strategies of sustainable economic development and the role of good governance and institutions in long-term economic growth. In chapter 5, we discuss the prospects of strong institutions, financial stability and sustainable Economic Development in South Sudan. It discusses how efficiency and soundness of South Sudan's key institutions can be extremely valuable in process of building a sustainable economic growth and what can South Sudan learn from others countries. The last chapter is the conclusions and recommendations of research. The major findings of this study are as follows: - Conflicts affect economic outcomes mainly through the destruction of human and physical capital, shifts in public spending and private investment, as well as the disruption of economic activities and social life. - Building effective, efficient and accountable institutions in fragile state like South Sudan can be problematic and challenging. Most importantly, good political and economic governance, based on transparency and accountability, should be the key for building a politically and economically viable state capable of articulating a common vision for national unity, and providing stability and dividends of peace to its aspiring citizens. - Strictly, from economic point of view, a political resolution of the current crisis is urgently needed in order for South Sudan to restore the confident of investors, put socio-economic development as one of its priorities and regain its place as the world's newest investment destination. - Social, political and economic stability in South Sudan will depend on core institutions performing their functions sufficiently well to manage public resources effectively and distribute them equitably

Political Stability and Economic Development in the New Nation of South Sudan

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Stability and Economic Development in the New Nation of South Sudan by : Issam A.W Mohamed

Download or read book Political Stability and Economic Development in the New Nation of South Sudan written by Issam A.W Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newly born, one year old State of Southern Sudan faces multiple challenges, economic, administrative, ethnic and most of all, civil conflicts with its previous mother country, Sudan. Building a state is an arduous mission and building a nation comprised of many ethnicities is the most difficult. Moreover, we should not neglect the fact that there are no real economic productive sectors in Southern Sudan or sources of national income except for oil revenues. Additionally, Southern Sudan is food dependent of supplies from abroad and that almost 40% of its population relies on foreign aid. However, all the above-mentioned essential task are limited faced with necessary adhesive bonds which start with building services, legal and civil structures and good governance. All these are determined by available economic resources that are currently minimum with the shutdown of oil flow through oil pipes that runs in the territories of a hostile Northern Sudan. Agreements and coordination are necessary to start building the nation and reaching solutions for Borders's conflicts are part of it. The advanced theoretical framework is outlined in the current paper; however, it is also impotent to point at the necessity to be run by good governance that combines national consensus. Swot analysis outlines the principle factors for economic development and good governance. Conclusions are reached however, with an emphasis that external help is inevitable and necessary.

Economic Development, Oil Shutdown and Deficit Financing in Southern Sudan

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Development, Oil Shutdown and Deficit Financing in Southern Sudan by : Addis Akongdit

Download or read book Economic Development, Oil Shutdown and Deficit Financing in Southern Sudan written by Addis Akongdit and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper is a part of my PhD research under title “Political Stability and Economic Development; Case of South Sudan” and it tries to focus on the impact of oil shutdown on South Sudan financial Budget and possibility of deficit financing. Due to the government's shutdown of oil production, the South Sudan Council of Ministers approved austerity measures to eliminate its impact on Economic Development. This paper tries to focus on the impact of oil shutdown on South Sudan financial budget and possibility of deficit financing. It will focus on the austerity measures taken by the RSS government to align its expenditures with revenues and find a way of raising financial resources and how to secure necessary sources that can be used to finance economic development.

Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation

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Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781491263747
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation by : Issam A. W. Mohamed

Download or read book Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation written by Issam A. W. Mohamed and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the conditions of the newly born, two year old State of Southern Sudan faces multiple challenges, economic, administrative, ethnic and most of all, civil conflicts with its previous mother country, Sudan. Building a state is an arduous mission and building a nation comprised of many ethnicities is the most difficult. Moreover, we should not neglect the fact that there are no real economic productive sectors in Southern Sudan or sources of national income except for oil revenues. Additionally, Southern Sudan is food dependant of supplies from abroad and that almost 40% of its population relies on foreign aid. However, all the above-mentioned essential task are limited faced with necessary adhesive bonds which start with building services, legal and civil structures and good governance. All these are determined by available economic resources that are currently minimum with the shutdown of oil flow through oil pipes that runs in the territories of a hostile Northern Sudan. Agreements and coordination are necessary to start building the nation and reaching solutions for Borders's conflicts are part of it.

Economic Development of Southern Sudan

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Development of Southern Sudan by : Benaiah Yongo-Bure

Download or read book Economic Development of Southern Sudan written by Benaiah Yongo-Bure and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic Development of Southern Sudan provides an overview of the Southern Sudanese economy, and the main causes for the lack of development in the territory. The book suggests strategies and policies for greatly reducing poverty and initiating sustainable development in the territory. Yongo-Bure outlines the significance of the resource base of Southern Sudan, as well as the development programs of the first peace period (1972-1983). The prominent sectors analyzed include agriculture, industry, transport, education, health, energy, power, and trade. The exploration and exploitation of petroleum is highlighted.

Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation

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Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781479399185
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (991 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation by : Issam A. W. Bob

Download or read book Political Stability and Development in the New South Sudan Nation written by Issam A. W. Bob and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book analyzes the conditions and situation of the Newly Born South Sudan Nation. The newly born, one year old State of Southern Sudan faces multiple challenges, economic, administrative, ethnic and most of all, civil conflicts with its previous mother country, Sudan. Building a state is an arduous mission and building a nation comprised of many ethnicities is the most difficult. Moreover, we should not neglect the fact that there are no real economic productive sectors in Southern Sudan or sources of national income except for oil revenues. Additionally, Southern Sudan is food dependant of supplies from abroad and that almost 40% of its population relies on foreign aid. However, all the above-mentioned essential task are limited faced with necessary adhesive bonds which start with building services, legal and civil structures and good governance. All these are determined by available economic resources that are currently minimum with the shutdown of oil flow through oil pipes that runs in the territories of a hostile Northern Sudan. Agreements and coordination are necessary to start building the nation and reaching solutions for Borders's conflicts are part of it.

Public Finance for Stability and Growth in an Underdeveloped Export Economy

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Public Finance for Stability and Growth in an Underdeveloped Export Economy by : Z. M. Kubinski

Download or read book Public Finance for Stability and Growth in an Underdeveloped Export Economy written by Z. M. Kubinski and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Sudan

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (741 download)

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Book Synopsis Sudan by : Richard Downie

Download or read book Sudan written by Richard Downie and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sudan's long-term stability depends on whether the country's North and South can reach and fully implement equitable agreements on the terms of their separation in July 2011. North Sudan faces a highly volatile period during the next decade. The ruling National Congress Party will face growing calls for political change, an economic slump, and the possibility of armed challenges from within. There is the added risk of contagion from the uprisings seen elsewhere in North Africa. The regime will most likely use violence to confront these challenges. The prospect of civil war cannot be ruled out. South Sudan faces the enormous challenge of the need to establish a functioning state with few resources in the face of serious security challenges. Its stability will depend on establishing its legitimacy as a state, which will mean being able to provide services to its citizens and keeping them safe. The next decade is likely to see slow progress checked by frequent reversals.

Effects of Political Instability in Development in South Sudan

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Political Instability in Development in South Sudan by : David Annan

Download or read book Effects of Political Instability in Development in South Sudan written by David Annan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Transforming Sudan

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107172497
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Sudan by : Alden Young

Download or read book Transforming Sudan written by Alden Young and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the formation of the Sudanese state following the Second World War through a developmentalist ideology.

Education Systems and Foreign Direct Investment

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475590237
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)

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Book Synopsis Education Systems and Foreign Direct Investment by : Elise Wendlassida Miningou

Download or read book Education Systems and Foreign Direct Investment written by Elise Wendlassida Miningou and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the effect of the efficiency of the education system on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). First, it focuses on the external efficiency and applies a frontier-based measure as a proxy of the ability of countries to optimally convert the average years of schooling into income for individuals. Second, it shows the relationship between the external efficiency of the education system and FDI inflows by applying GMM regression technique. The results show that the efficiency level varies across regions and countries and appears to be driven by higher education and secondary vocational education. Similarly to other studies in the literature, there is no significant relationship between the average years of schooling and FDI inflows. However, this study shows that the external efficiency of the education system is important for FDI inflows. Improving the external efficiency of the education system can play a role in attracting FDI especially in non-resource rich countries, nonlandloked countries and countries in the low and medium human development groups.

From Sudan to South Sudan

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004425322
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis From Sudan to South Sudan by : Irit Back

Download or read book From Sudan to South Sudan written by Irit Back and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irit Back’s From Sudan to South Sudan: IGAD and the Role of Regional Mediation in Africa comprehensively analyses the full achievements, shortcomings, and implications of IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) mediation efforts in Sudan and South Sudan.

South Sudan

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Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498318460
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis South Sudan by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Download or read book South Sudan written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the peace agreement signed in September 2018 has improved the prospects for lasting peace in South Sudan, the implementation of the agreement has become more protracted than envisaged with the recently announced six-month delay in forming a new national unity government. A relapse into war in mid-2016 spread insecurity across the country and severely affected all economic activities and exacerbated the humanitarian crisis and food insecurity. The country is in a serious economic crisis.

Promoting Stability and Development in Africa

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Publisher : Edizioni Nuova Cultura
ISBN 13 : 8868125951
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (681 download)

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Book Synopsis Promoting Stability and Development in Africa by : Marta Martinelli

Download or read book Promoting Stability and Development in Africa written by Marta Martinelli and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa is experiencing one of the greatest transformations of its history. Today’s Sub-Saharan Africa is still marked by enduring instability, mass migrations and crises, but at the same time it is also characterised by positive developments including economic growth and regional integration. This publication sheds light on these changes from three perspectives: economic policies and sustainable development; good governance and democracy; peace and security. Research in relevant regions in Sub-Saharan Africa and key countries (Ethiopia, Mozambique, Nigeria and South Africa) has been conducted by African and European experts with the aim of assessing the role of the private sector and determining the partner-ship opportunities that could potentially be developed with the public sector. A series of policy recommendations are offered to the European Union on how to tackle these opportunities in cooperation with old and new actors.

Global Trends 2040

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Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.