The Growth of Incarceration in the United States

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309298018
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growth of Incarceration in the United States by : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration

Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.

Handbook for Prison Leaders

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Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 : 9789211302929
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook for Prison Leaders by : Vivienne Chin

Download or read book Handbook for Prison Leaders written by Vivienne Chin and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook focuses on an overview of key issues which should be of concern to prison managers and the reforms they must often engage in and promote as prison leaders. It is meant to support a basic five-day training workshop for prison officials responsible for leading and managing prisons in developing and post-conflict countries. It is aimed to explore and understand practical ways in which prison leaders can more effectively implement international standards and norms in the institutions for which they are responsible. The Handbook and the workshop curriculum provide a template to help leaders identify the changes required in their environment and to reflect on the challenges they are likely to encounter in bringing about these changes.

Health and Incarceration

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309287715
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Health and Incarceration by : National Research Council

Download or read book Health and Incarceration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past four decades, the rate of incarceration in the United States has skyrocketed to unprecedented heights, both historically and in comparison to that of other developed nations. At far higher rates than the general population, those in or entering U.S. jails and prisons are prone to many health problems. This is a problem not just for them, but also for the communities from which they come and to which, in nearly all cases, they will return. Health and Incarceration is the summary of a workshop jointly sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS) Committee on Law and Justice and the Institute of Medicine(IOM) Board on Health and Select Populations in December 2012. Academics, practitioners, state officials, and nongovernmental organization representatives from the fields of healthcare, prisoner advocacy, and corrections reviewed what is known about these health issues and what appear to be the best opportunities to improve healthcare for those who are now or will be incarcerated. The workshop was designed as a roundtable with brief presentations from 16 experts and time for group discussion. Health and Incarceration reviews what is known about the health of incarcerated individuals, the healthcare they receive, and effects of incarceration on public health. This report identifies opportunities to improve healthcare for these populations and provides a platform for visions of how the world of incarceration health can be a better place.

Reform in the Making

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400823676
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Reform in the Making by : Ann Chih Lin

Download or read book Reform in the Making written by Ann Chih Lin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-10 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is it time to give up on rehabilitating criminals? Record numbers of Americans are going to prison, and most of them will eventually return to society with a high chance of becoming repeat offenders. But a decision to abandon rehabilitation programs now would be premature warns Ann Chih Lin, who finds that little attention has been given to how these programs are actually implemented and why they tend to fail. In Reform in the Making, she not only supplies much-needed information on the process of program implementation but she also considers its social context, the daily realities faced by prison staff and inmates. By offering an in-depth look at common rehabilitation programs currently in operation--education, job training, and drug treatment--and examining how they are used or misused, Lin offers a practical approach to understanding their high failure rate and how the situation could be improved. Based on extensive observation and over 350 interviews with staff and prisoners in five medium-security male prisons, the book contrasts successfully implemented programs with subverted, abandoned, or neglected programs (those which staff reject or which do not teach prisoners anything useful). Lin explains that staff and prisoners have little patience with programs aimed at long-range goals when they must face the ongoing, immediate challenge of surviving prison life. Finding incentives to make both sides participate fully in rehabilitation is among the book's many contributions to improving prison policy.

Prisons

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Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0029234204
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (292 download)

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Book Synopsis Prisons by : Leonard Orland

Download or read book Prisons written by Leonard Orland and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1978 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leonard Orland provides a vivid look at the end of the line in the American legal system, where the rule of law gives way to the “correctional process.” Prisons: House of Darkness reveals the lawlessness by which sentencing judges, prison authorities, and parole boards actually operate. Orland shares an eye-opening history of prisons and an overview of daily prison routine from Attica to Soledad—much of it related in the inmates’ own words—which shatters the myth of rehabilitation and exposes the injustices of prison life.

Big House on the Prairie

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022641034X
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Big House on the Prairie by : John M. Eason

Download or read book Big House on the Prairie written by John M. Eason and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now more than ever, we need to understand the social, political, and economic shifts that have driven the United States to triple its prison construction in just over three decades. John Eason goes a very considerable distance here in fulfilling this need, not by detailing the aftereffects of building huge numbers of prisons, but by vividly showing the process by which a community seeks to get a prison built in their area. What prompted him to embark on this inquiry was the insistent question of why the rapid expansion of prisons in America, why now, and why so many. He quickly learned that the prison boom is best understood from the perspective of the rural, southern towns where they tend to be placed (North Carolina has twice as many prisons as New Jersey, though both states have the same number of prisoners). And so he sets up shop, as it were, in Forrest City, Arkansas, where he moved with his family to begin the splendid fieldwork that led to this book. A major part of his story deals with the emergence of the rural ghetto, abetted by white flight, de-industrialization, the emergence of public housing, and higher proportions of blacks and Latinos. How did Forrest City become a site for its prison? Eason takes us behind the decision-making scenes, tracking the impact of stigma (a prison in my backyard-not a likely desideratum), economic development, poverty, and race, while showing power-sharing among opposed groups of elite whites vs. black race leaders. Eason situates the prison within the dynamic shifts rural economies are undergoing, and shows how racially diverse communities can achieve the siting and building of prisons in their rural ghetto. The result is a full understanding of the ways in which a prison economy takes shape and operates."

Expenditure and Employment Data for the Criminal Justice System, 1978

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Expenditure and Employment Data for the Criminal Justice System, 1978 by :

Download or read book Expenditure and Employment Data for the Criminal Justice System, 1978 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Prison Policy in Ireland

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1136811451
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Prison Policy in Ireland by : Mary Rogan

Download or read book Prison Policy in Ireland written by Mary Rogan and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how Irish prison policy has come to take on its particular character, with comparatively low prison numbers, significant reliance on short sentences and a policy-making climate in which long periods of neglect are interspersed with bursts of political activity all prominent features. Drawing on the emerging scholarship of policy analysis, the book argues that it is only through close attention to the way in which policy is formed that we will fully understand the nature of prison policy.

Managing Prisons in a Time of Change

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780953522149
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (221 download)

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Book Synopsis Managing Prisons in a Time of Change by : Andrew Coyle

Download or read book Managing Prisons in a Time of Change written by Andrew Coyle and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Correctional Organization and Management

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780750698979
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (989 download)

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Book Synopsis Correctional Organization and Management by : Robert M. Freeman

Download or read book Correctional Organization and Management written by Robert M. Freeman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges the gap between critical elements of organisational theory and psychosocial issues. Explains the evolution of corrections related public policy and corrections organisational behaviour and structure over the past 200 years. Also leads to an understanding of the ethical, change management, and 21st century challenges correctional managers and leaders must be prepared to address.

Sentencing, Penal Policy and Management in a Correctional Facility

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346308545
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (463 download)

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Book Synopsis Sentencing, Penal Policy and Management in a Correctional Facility by : Kimberley Bartolo

Download or read book Sentencing, Penal Policy and Management in a Correctional Facility written by Kimberley Bartolo and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2019 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: 87.00, University of Malta (Faculty for Social Wellbeing), course: B.A. (Hons) Social Wellbeing Studies, language: English, abstract: This paper discusses the struggles encountered by correctional managers while formulating policies which are aimed at achieving the following objectives: strengthening the management of staff working within a correctional facility, ameliorating professional service provision to maintain the holistic wellbeing of inmates and implementing penal sentences that meet the needs of the offender, the victim and society in general. The word policy is extremely hard to define since it holds different connotations and meanings to everyone. However, a common understanding of the word is about having a set of ideas which are used within a particular organization, in this case being the prison setting, in order to make particular decisions which can influence one’s behaviour. When creating a policy, for it to be well-structured and maintained, it needs to focus upon delivering its main objectives. The objectives of a prison revolve around the rehabilitation and reintegration of the prisoner. Correctional managers are faced with a number of challenges whilst, they are formulating such policies. These struggles are going to be discussed in the following sections. Usually, when people talk about prisons, they only mention the physical attributes about them like for example, the locked-up building with bars. However, prisons are much more than that. They also consist of the essential roles of the staff working within them, who have a crucial part in the prisoners’ process of reintegration and rehabilitation. In order for the management to be strengthened, all the staff needs to understand their role within the prison, whom they should report to and be able to meet the needs of the service users, i.e. the inmates, society and victims.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education

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Author :
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833081322
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education by : Lois M. Davis

Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education written by Lois M. Davis and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After conducting a comprehensive literature search, the authors undertook a meta-analysis to examine the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and other outcomes. The study finds that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces inmates' risk of recidivating and may improve their odds of obtaining employment after release from prison.

Are Prisons Any Better?

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications, Incorporated
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Are Prisons Any Better? by : John W. Murphy

Download or read book Are Prisons Any Better? written by John W. Murphy and published by SAGE Publications, Incorporated. This book was released on 1990-04 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together criminologists, economists and political scientists to address both the theoretical and political aspects of penal reform of the past 20 years. The aim of the papers in this collection is to provide a broad analysis of several key themes related to improving the correctional system.

Prisoner Management and Control

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Prisoner Management and Control by : Mark S. Richmond

Download or read book Prisoner Management and Control written by Mark S. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Economic Perspectives on Incarceration and the Criminal Justice System

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Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781537385297
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (852 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Perspectives on Incarceration and the Criminal Justice System by : Executive Office Executive Office of the President

Download or read book Economic Perspectives on Incarceration and the Criminal Justice System written by Executive Office Executive Office of the President and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calls for criminal justice reform have been mounting in recent years, in large part due to the extraordinarily high levels of incarceration in the United States. Today, the incarcerated population is 4.5 times larger than in 1980, with approximately 2.2 million people in the United States behind bars, including individuals in Federal and State prisons as well as local jails. The push for reform comes from many angles, from the high financial cost of maintaining current levels of incarceration to the humanitarian consequences of detaining more individuals than any other country. Economic analysis is a useful lens for understanding the costs, benefits, and consequences of incarceration and other criminal justice policies. In this report, we first examine historical growth in criminal justice enforcement and incarceration along with its causes. We then develop a general framework for evaluating criminal justice policy, weighing its crime-reducing benefits against its direct government costs and indirect costs for individuals, families, and communities. Finally, we describe the Administration's holistic approach to criminal justice reform through policies that impact the community, the cell block, and the courtroom.

Carceral Con

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Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520974808
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Carceral Con by : Kay Whitlock

Download or read book Carceral Con written by Kay Whitlock and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of how contemporary criminal justice reforms expand rather than shrink structurally violent systems of policing, surveillance, and carceral control in the United States. Public opposition to the structural racist, gendered, and economic violence that fuels the criminal legal system is reaching a critical mass. Ignited by popular uprisings, protests, and campaigns against state violence, demands for transformational change have escalated. In response, a now deeply entrenched so-called bipartisan industry has staked its claim to the reform terrain. Representing itself as a sensible bridge across bitterly polarized political divides and party lines, the bipartisan reform industry has sought to control the nature and scope of local, state, and federal reforms. Along the way, it creates an expanding web of neoliberal public-private partnerships, with the promotion and implementation of efforts managed by billionaires, public officials, policy factories, foundations, universities, and mega nonprofit organizations. Yet many bipartisan reforms constitute deceptive sleights of hand that not only fail to produce justice but actively reproduce structural racial and economic inequality. Carceral Con pulls the veil away from the reform public relations machine, providing a riveting overview of the repressive US carceral state and a critical examination of the reform terrain, quagmires, and choices that face us. This book vividly illustrates how contemporary bipartisan reform agendas leave the structural apparatus of mass incarceration intact while widening the net of carceral control and surveillance. Readers are also provided with information and insights useful for examining the likely impacts of reforms today and in the future. What can we learn from reforms of the past? What strategies hold most promise for dismantling structural inequalities, corporate control, and state violence? What approaches will reduce reliance on carceral control and also bring about community safety? Utilizing an abolitionist lens, Carceral Con makes the compelling case for liberatory approaches to envisioning and creating a just society.

Handbook on Prisoner File Management

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Author :
Publisher : Criminal Justice Handbook
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook on Prisoner File Management by :

Download or read book Handbook on Prisoner File Management written by and published by Criminal Justice Handbook. This book was released on 2008 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook discusses the importance of effective prisoner file management, illustrating the consequences of poor or non-existent management. It will be of particular relevance to prison systems that do not have electronic systems for managing files. It outlines the key international human rights standards that apply to prisoner and detainee file management. It also summarizes and illustrates the key requirements of prison systems in relation to prisoner and detainee file management in order to meet international human rights standards and how these might be met.