Polder And The Age Of Space Earth Sciences

Author : Lasse A. Kivioja
Publisher : Trafford on Demand Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781426998041
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (98 download)

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Download or read book Earth & Space Science for Everybody written by Lasse A. Kivioja and published by Trafford on Demand Pub. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Book This is a new kind of a book that has its over 1,400 photos/pictures/galleries/expert explanations available in a small download at the author's website www.lakivioja.com as a Word or HTML Document, called Quick Pick Links' (free, of course). Many of these links update themselves daily keeping this book updated almost forever' with the newest news and photos. Carefully selected Quick Pick Links' are reputable, such as US Government links of NASA, GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER, NIST, AGU, USGS, NOAA, NAOJ, USNO, HUBBLE, SPITZER, CHANDRA, STEREO, SOHO, ESA (European Space Agency), Japanese JAXA, many ground based and Earth Orbiting Telescopes and Space Probes. All links are in Public Domain To comprehend this Sun-orbiting planet Earth and its place in the surrounding space requires some approximate knowledge of numerical values of sizes and distances Radius of Earth = 6371 km = 3959 miles Average acceleration of gravity at sea level is: 1 G =981 m/s/s = 981 Gal = 981,000 mGal = 32.2 ft/s/s. This means that the speed of a freely falling object increases every falling second' by 9.81 m/s, = 32.2 ft/s (ignoring air drag) Sun's gravity is 27.5 G, Moon's gravity is 0.165 G Average distance to Moon (LD = lunar distance) = 1.2 ls (light-seconds) One light-second distance (ls) = 300,000 km = distance light travels in one second. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-second Distance to Sun = 500 ls =1 AU = Astronomical Unit = 149,598,000 km = 92,956,000 mi Equatorial radius of Sun = 2.32 ls = 1.81 times the lunar distance Distance from Sun to Pluto = 39.5 AU = 5.909,121,000 km = 3,671,750,000 mi = 19,700 ls Sunlight reaches Pluto in 19,700 s = 5 h 28 min Distance to nearest star: Proxima Centauri = 4.2 ly Most naked-eye stars are within 2,000 ly distance Diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy disk = 100,000 ly Distance to Milky Way's center from Sun and Earth= 28,000 ly Distance to Andromeda, near galaxy similar to Milky Way = 2.5 million ly Distance to most distant galaxies (2011) =13,700,000,000 ly International System of Units is: http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/ Page 13: No liquid water, food or breathable air has been found (2011) anywhere else in the universe but here on Earth http://nineplanets.org/overview.html Milky Way has billions of stars. Billions of other galaxies have billions & billions more http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way Everything moves in space. Some galaxies are in groups, some are colliding and some are a millions of light-years away from their nearest neighbors Page 53: The Mean Sea Level surface (= Geoid) undulates over/under the mathematical Rotation Earth Ellipsoid surface, usually less than 100 m = 300 ft. The following Internet link of the Geoid map has been automatically' updated for 2011 for all and for this book. Talk about a book staying up-to-date all by itself'! http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/GOCE/SEMY0FOZVAG_1.html Page 87: As was mentioned: Earth's average gravity is = 1 G = 981 Gal, just right for human life. We cannot tolerate much stronger gravities for very long. For instance, 9 G (easily produced in centrifuges) is deadly for humans and animals in a short time Three numer