Plural Predication

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Plural Predication

Author : Thomas McKay
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191535206
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Plural Predication by : Thomas McKay

Download or read book Plural Predication written by Thomas McKay and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plural predication is a pervasive part of ordinary language. We can say that some people are fifty in number, are surrounding a building, come from many countries, and are classmates. These predicates can be true of some people without being true of any one of them; they are non-distributive predications. Yet the apparatus of predication and quantification in standard modern logic does not allow a place for such non-distributive predicates. Thomas McKay's book explores the enrichment of modern logic with plural predication and quantification. We can have genuinely non-distributive predication without relying on singularizing procedures from set theory and mereology. The fundamental 'among' relation can be understood in a way that does not generate any hierarchy of plurals analogous to a hierarchy of types or a hierarchy of higher-order logics. Singular quantification can be understood as a special case, with the general type being quantifiers that allow both singular and plural quantification. The 'among' relation is formally similar to a 'part of' relation, but the relations are distinct, so that mass quantification and plural quantification cannot be united in the same way that plural and singular are united. Analysis of singular and plural definite descriptions follows, with a defense of a fundamentally Russellian analysis, but coupled with some new ideas about how to be sensitive to the role of context. This facilitates an analysis of some central features of the use of pronouns, both singular and plural.

Plural Predication

Author : Thomas McKay
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199278148
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Plural Predication by : Thomas McKay

Download or read book Plural Predication written by Thomas McKay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plural predication is a pervasive part of ordinary language. We can say that some people are fifty in number, are surrounding a building, come from many countries, and are classmates. These predicates can be true of some people without being true of any one of them; they are non-distributive predications. Yet the apparatus of predication and quantification in standard modern logic does not allow a place for such non-distributive predicates.Thomas McKay's book explores the enrichment of modern logic with plural predication and quantification. We can have genuinely non-distributive predication without relying on singularizing procedures from set theory and mereology. The fundamental 'among' relation can be understood in a way that does not generate any hierarchy of plurals analogous to a hierarchy of types or a hierarchy of higher-order logics. Singular quantification can be understood as a special case, with the general type beingquantifiers that allow both singular and plural quantification. The 'among' relation is formally similar to a 'part of' relation, but the relations are distinct, so that mass quantification and plural quantification cannot be united in the same way that plural and singular are united.Analysis of singular and plural definite descriptions follows, with a defense of a fundamentally Russellian analysis, but coupled with some new ideas about how to be sensitive to the role of context. This facilitates an analysis of some central features of the use of pronouns, both singular and plural.

Plural Logic

Author : Alex Oliver
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192595385
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Plural Logic by : Alex Oliver

Download or read book Plural Logic written by Alex Oliver and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a natural point of entry to what for most readers will be a new subject. Plural logic deals with plural terms ('Whitehead and Russell', 'Henry VIII's wives', 'the real numbers', 'the square root of -1', 'they'), plural predicates ('surrounded the fort', 'are prime', 'are consistent', 'imply'), and plural quantification ('some things', 'any things'). Current logic is singularist: its terms stand for at most one thing. By contrast, the foundational thesis of this book is that a particular term may legitimately stand for several things at once; in other words, there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation. The authors argue that plural phenomena need to be taken seriously and that the only viable response is to adopt a plural logic, a logic based on plural denotation. They expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists. A formal system of plural logic is presented in three stages, before being applied to Cantorian set theory as an illustration. Technicalities have been kept to a minimum, and anyone who is familiar with the classical predicate calculus should be able to follow it. The authors' approach is an attractive blend of no-nonsense argumentative directness and open-minded liberalism, and they convey the exciting and unexpected richness of their subject. Mathematicians and linguists, as well as logicians and philosophers, will find surprises in this book. This second edition includes a greatly expanded treatment of the paradigm empty term zilch, a much strengthened treatment of Cantorian set theory, and a new chapter on higher-level plural logic.

Plural Logic

Author : Alex Oliver
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198744382
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Plural Logic by : Alex Oliver

Download or read book Plural Logic written by Alex Oliver and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2016 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alex Oliver and Timothy Smiley provide a new account of plural logic. They argue that there is such a thing as genuinely plural denotation in logic, and expound a framework of ideas that includes the distinction between distributive and collective predicates, the theory of plural descriptions, multivalued functions, and lists.

Plurals and Events

Author : Barry Schein
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262193344
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis Plurals and Events by : Barry Schein

Download or read book Plurals and Events written by Barry Schein and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barry Schein proposes combining a second-order treatment of plurals with Donald Davidson's suggestion that there are positions for reference to events in ordinary predicates in order to account for several of the more puzzling features of plurals without invoking plural objects, with its attendant metaphysics, and also provide an absolute truth-theoretic characterization of the semantics of sentences with plurals in them. How do we make sense of sentences with plural noun phrases in them? In Plurals and Events, Barry Schein proposes combining a second-order treatment of plurals with Donald Davidson's suggestion that there are positions for reference to events in ordinary predicates in order to account for several of the more puzzling features of plurals without invoking plural objects, with its attendant metaphysics, and also provide an absolute truth-theoretic characterization of the semantics of sentences with plurals in them. Schein's highly original argument should have significant impact on how natural-language semantics is done, with repercussions for philosophy and logic. The book opens with foundational arguments that the logical language should have four major features: reduction to singular predication via a Davidsonian logical form, amereology of events, a logical syntax that allows the constituents of a Davidsonian analysis to be predicated of distinct events and separated from one another by other logical elements, and descriptive anaphors that cross-refer to the events described by antecedent clauses. A semantics for plurality and quantification is developed in the remaining chapters, which address some of the empirical and formal questions raised by the variety of interpretations in which plurals and quantifiers participate.

Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 8

Author : Karen Bennett
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191505471
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 8 by : Karen Bennett

Download or read book Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, Volume 8 written by Karen Bennett and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-12-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the most interesting work in philosophy today is metaphysical in character. Oxford Studies in Metaphysics is a forum for the best new work in this flourishing field. OSM offers a broad view of the subject, featuring not only the traditionally central topics such as existence, identity, modality, time, and causation, but also the rich clusters of metaphysical questions in neighbouring fields, such as philosophy of mind and philosophy of science. Besides independent essays, volumes will often contain a critical essay on a recent book, or a symposium that allows participants to respond to one another's criticisms and questions. Anyone who wants to know what's happening in metaphysics can start here.

Proceedings Of The 14th And 15th Asian Logic Conferences

Author : Byunghan Kim
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813237562
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings Of The 14th And 15th Asian Logic Conferences by : Byunghan Kim

Download or read book Proceedings Of The 14th And 15th Asian Logic Conferences written by Byunghan Kim and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Asian Logic Conference (ALC) is a major international event in mathematical logic. It features the latest scientific developments in the fields of mathematical logic and its applications, logic in computer science, and philosophical logic. The ALC series also aims to promote mathematical logic in the Asia-Pacific region and to bring logicians together both from within Asia and elsewhere for an exchange of information and ideas. This combined proceedings volume represents works presented or arising from the 14th and 15th ALCs.

Unity and Plurality

Author : Massimiliano Carrara
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019871632X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Unity and Plurality by : Massimiliano Carrara

Download or read book Unity and Plurality written by Massimiliano Carrara and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unity and Plurality presents novel ways of thinking about plurality while casting new light on the interconnections among the logical, philosophical, and linguistic aspects of plurals. The volume brings together new work on the logic and ontology of plurality and on the semantics of plurals in natural language. Plural reference, the view that definite plurals such as 'the students' refer to several entities at once (the individual students), is an approach favoured by logicians and philosophers, who take sentences with plurals ('the students gathered') not to be committed to entities beyond individuals, entities such as classes, sums, or sets. By contrast, linguistic semantics has been dominated by a singularist approach to plurals, taking the semantic value of a definite plural such as 'the students' to be a mereological sum or set. Moreover, semantics has been dominated by a particular ontological view of plurality, that of extensional mereology. This volume aims to build a bridge between the two traditions and to show the fruitfulness of nonstandard mereological approaches. A team of leading experts investigates new perspectives that arise from plural logic and non-standard mereology and explore novel applications to natural language phenomena.

New Directions in Logic, Language, and Computation

Author : Daniel Lassiter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642314678
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis New Directions in Logic, Language, and Computation by : Daniel Lassiter

Download or read book New Directions in Logic, Language, and Computation written by Daniel Lassiter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Summer School in Logic, Language and Information (ESSLLI) is organized every year by the Association for Logic, Language and Information (FoLLI) in different sites around Europe. The main focus of ESSLLI is on the interface between linguistics, logic and computation. ESSLLI offers foundational, introductory and advanced courses, as well as workshops, covering a wide variety of topics within the three areas of interest: Language and Computation, Language and Logic, and Logic and Computation. During two weeks, around 50 courses and 10 workshops are offered to the attendants, each of 1.5 hours per day during a five days week, with up to seven parallel sessions. ESSLLI also includes a student session (papers and posters by students only, 1.5 hour per day during the two weeks) and four evening lectures by senior scientists in the covered areas. The 15 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers are organized in topical sections on The papers are organized in topical sections on language and computation; logic and computation; and logic and language.

Events and Plurality

Author : Fred Landman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401143595
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Events and Plurality by : Fred Landman

Download or read book Events and Plurality written by Fred Landman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: JERUSALEM LECTURES In 1992, I was a Lady Davis Fellow in the English Department at the Hebrew Univer sity of Jerusalem. In the context of this, Edit Doron asked me to present a series of weekly evening lectures. The idea was that I would be talking about my own current research on plurality in an event based theory, without the restraints that a nonnal seminar fonnat would im pose: i.e. the idea was that I would actually get to the part where I would talk about my own work. At the same time, Edit added, it would be nice if, rather than just presupposing or presenting a neo-Davidsonian framework to develop my analysis of plurality, I could provide a more general setting of the problems by discussing in some depth the archi tecture of event arguments and thematic roles. In particular, Terry Parsons' book, Par sons 1990, had appeared relatively recently, and there was real interest among the audience in discussing Parsons' arguments for events and roles.

Composition as Identity

Author : A. J. Cotnoir
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199669619
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Composition as Identity by : A. J. Cotnoir

Download or read book Composition as Identity written by A. J. Cotnoir and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composition is the relation between a whole and its parts--the parts are said to compose the whole; the whole is composed of the parts. But is a whole anything distinct from its parts taken collectively? It is often said that 'a whole is nothing over and above its parts'; but what might we mean by that? Could it be that a whole just is its parts? This collection of essays is the first of its kind to focus on the relationship between composition and identity. Twelve original articles--written by internationally renowned scholars and rising stars in the field--argue for and against the controversial doctrine that composition is identity. An editor's introduction sets out the formal and philosophical groundwork to bring readers to the forefront of the debate.

Theology and the End of Doctrine

Author : Christine Helmer
Publisher : Westminster John Knox Press
ISBN 13 : 1611645255
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Theology and the End of Doctrine by : Christine Helmer

Download or read book Theology and the End of Doctrine written by Christine Helmer and published by Westminster John Knox Press. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the crisis brought about by doctrine's estrangement from reality--that is from actual lives, experiences, histories, and from God. By invoking "the end of doctrine," Christine Helmer opens a new discussion of doctrinal production that is engaged with the challenges and possibilities of modernity. The end of doctrine refers on the one hand to unquestioning doctrinal reception, which Helmer critiques, and on the other, represents an invitation to a new way of understanding the aim of doctrine in deeper connection to the reality that it seeks. The book's first section offers an analysis of the current situation in theology by reconstructing a trajectory of Protestant theology from the turn of the twentieth century to today. This history focuses primarily on the status of the word in theology and explains how changes in theology in the context of the political and social crisis in Europe in the 1920s and 1930s led to a distancing of the word from reality. Helmer then turns to the constructive section of the book to propose a repositioning of theology to the world and to God. Helmer's powerful work will inspire revitalized interest in both doctrine and theological inquiry itself.

Science and Sensibilia by W. V. Quine

Author : Robert Sinclair
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030049094
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Sensibilia by W. V. Quine by : Robert Sinclair

Download or read book Science and Sensibilia by W. V. Quine written by Robert Sinclair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, W. V. Quine’s Immanuel Kant Lectures entitled Science and Sensibilia are published for the first time in English. These lectures represent an important stage in the development of Quine’s later thought, where he is more explicit about the importance of physicalist constraints in his account of the steps from sensory stimulation to scientific theory, and in further using them to assess the extent to which mental vocabulary is defensible. Taken as a unit, these lectures fill an important gap in our understanding of his philosophical development from his 1973 work The Roots of Reference to his later work. The volume further contains an introduction that outlines the content and philosophical significance of the lectures. In addition, several essays written by leading scholars of Quine’s philosophy provide further insight into the important issues raised in the lectures.

The Metaphysics of Relations

Author : Anna Marmodoro
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191086932
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Relations by : Anna Marmodoro

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Relations written by Anna Marmodoro and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents thirteen original essays which explore both traditional and contemporary aspects of the metaphysics of relations. It is uncontroversial that there are true relational predications-'Abelard loves Eloise', 'Simmias is taller than Socrates', 'smoking causes cancer', and so forth. More controversial is whether any true relational predications have irreducibly relational truthmakers. Do any of the statements above involve their subjects jointly instantiating polyadic properties, or can we explain their truths solely in terms of monadic, non-relational properties of the relata? According to a tradition dating back to Plato and Aristotle, and continued by medieval philosophers, polyadic properties are metaphysically dubious. In non-symmetric relations such as the amatory relation, a property would have to inhere in two things at once-lover and beloved-but characterise each differently, and this puzzled the ancients. More recent work on non-symmetric relations highlights difficulties with their directionality. Such problems offer clear motivation for attempting to reduce relations to monadic properties. By contrast, ontic structural realists hold that the nature of physical reality is exhausted by the relational structure expressed in the equations of fundamental physics. On this view, there must be some irreducible relations, for its fundamental ontology is purely relational. The Metaphysics of Relations draws together the work of a team of leading metaphysicians, to address topics as diverse as ancient and medieval reasons for scepticism about polyadic properties; recent attempts to reduce causal and spatiotemporal relations; recent work on the directionality of relational properties; powers ontologies and their associated problems; whether the most promising interpretations of quantum mechanics posit a fundamentally relational world; and whether the very idea of such a world is coherent. From those who question whether there are relational properties at all, to those who hold they are a fundamental part of reality, this book covers a broad spectrum of positions on the nature and ontological status of relations, from antiquity to the present day.

Chinese Lexical Semantics

Author : Jia-Fei Hong
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030381897
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Lexical Semantics by : Jia-Fei Hong

Download or read book Chinese Lexical Semantics written by Jia-Fei Hong and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 20th Chinese Lexical Semantics Workshop, CLSW 2019, held in Chiayi, Taiwan, in June 2019. The 39 full papers and 46 short papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 254 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: lexical semantics; applications of natural language processing; lexical resources; corpus linguistics.

Events and Semantic Architecture

Author : Paul M. Pietroski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199244308
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis Events and Semantic Architecture by : Paul M. Pietroski

Download or read book Events and Semantic Architecture written by Paul M. Pietroski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how grammatical structure is related to meaning. The meaning of a phrase clearly depends on its constituent words and how they are combined. But how does structure contribute to meaning in natural language? Does combining adjectives with nouns (as in 'brown dog') differ semantically from combining verbs with adverbs (as in 'barked loudly')? What is the significance of combining verbs with names and quantificational expressions (as in 'Fido chased every cat')? Inaddressing such questions, Paul Pietroski develops a novel conception of linguistic meaning according to which the semantic contribution of combining expressions is simple and uniform across constructions.Drawing on work at the heart of contemporary debates in linguistics and philosophy, the author argues that Donald Davidson's treatment of action sentences as event descriptions should be viewed as an instructive special case of a more general semantic theory. The unified theory covers a wide range of examples, including sentences that involve quantification, plurality, descriptions of complex causal processes, and verbs that take sentential complements. Professor Pietroski also provides freshways of thinking about much discussed semantic generalizations that seem to reflect innately determined aspects of human languages.Designed to be accessible to anyone with a basic knowledge of elementary logic, Events and Semantic Architecture will interest a wide range of scholars in linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive science.

Remembering Socrates

Author : Lindsay Judson
Publisher : Clarendon Press
ISBN 13 : 0191557056
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Remembering Socrates by : Lindsay Judson

Download or read book Remembering Socrates written by Lindsay Judson and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lindsay Judson and Vassilis Karasmanis present a selection of philosophical papers by an outstanding international team of scholars, assessing the legacy and continuing relevance of Socrates' thought 2,400 years after his death. Socrates' life, philosophical activity, and death not only had a formative effect on his follower Plato, and thus indirectly on almost the whole course of Greek philosophy, but also represented a moral and philosophical ideal which has been the inspiration, or the despair, of many philosophers and other thinkers down to the present day. The topics of the papers include Socratic method as portrayed by Plato and by Xenophon; the notion of definition; Socrates' intellectualist conception of ethics; famous arguments in the Euthyphro and Crito, and a not-so famous argument in the Hippias Major; and aspects of the later portrayal and reception of Socrates as a philosophical and ethical exemplar - by Plato, the Sceptics, and in the early Christian era. The collection demonstrates the vitality as well as the diversity of Socratic studies, and will interest many ancient philosophers, historians of philosophy, and classicists.