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Plating Methods
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Download or read book Plating Methods written by Joan Berkowitz and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results are presented of a comprehensive search of the literature available, much of which has been generated by the research centers of NASA and its contractors, on plating and coating methods and techniques. Methods covered included: (1) electroplating from aqueous solutions; (2) electroplating from nonaqueous solutions; (3) electroplating from fused-salt baths; (4) electroforming; (5) electroless plating, immersion plating, and mirroring; (6) electroplating from gaseous plasmas; and (7) anodized films and conversion coatings.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Plant Biotechnology by : H. S. Chawla
Download or read book Introduction to Plant Biotechnology written by H. S. Chawla and published by Science Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant biotechnology has created unprecedented opportunities for the manipulation of biological systems of plants. To understand biotechnology, it is essential to know the basic aspects of genes and their organization in the genome of plant cells. This text on the subject is aimed at students.
Book Synopsis Pollution Prevention and Control Technologies for Plating Operations by :
Download or read book Pollution Prevention and Control Technologies for Plating Operations written by and published by George Cushnie. This book was released on with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electroless Plating by : Glenn O. Mallory
Download or read book Electroless Plating written by Glenn O. Mallory and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1990 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detection and characterization of Lithium plating by : Long, Julian
Download or read book Detection and characterization of Lithium plating written by Long, Julian and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium plating is not only the most severe ageing mechanism in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) but also becoming more and more important due the increasing presence of electric vehicles (EVs). In EVs the extreme conditions causing lithium plating, like very high charging currents and low environment temperatures, are much more prevalent than in consumer electronics. Due to the high number of factors that influence the plating process, ranging from the cell geometry to the chemical composition of the electrolyte, a deeper understanding of the plating process is still lacking. Without this knowledge it is hard to design cells in a plating resistant way, or to operate cells under the ideal conditions to minimize plating. This thesis aims at showing different methods to investigate the plating process on three different levels. The first method is on the cell level, investigating the behaviour of the whole cell during plating. It contains the analysis of the voltage and current profiles that show an atypical behaviour during plating. The focus of the analysis is on the current profile of the constant voltage (CV) phase during charging under low temperature conditions leading to plating. This current profile can be fitted with the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) function that describes the electrochemical deposition process of a metallic species on a surface. The resulting fitting parameters can be utilized to characterize the plating behaviour of the cell as well as better estimate the amount of plated lithium than commonly used methods. It can also potentially predict the future safety risk due to dendrite formation. In the second part the chemical composition of the surface electrolyte interface (SEI) is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The composition as well as the mechanical properties of the SEI are strongly influencing the plating process and preliminary work has shown that plating is also changing the morphology of the SEI and increasing its thickness drastically. Cells under different conditions (plated, charged and discharged) as well as cells of different manufacturers have been probed using XPS. During the measurements an unwanted side effect of the experimental setup was discovered that lead to a migration of lithium to the surface of the sample and was distorting the measurement results. Regardless of the effect, it was possible to see that the SEI can have a very different composition in cells of different manufacturers and that plating not only changes the morphology but also the composition of the SEI. The unwanted side effect could furthermore be utilized to identify samples that were plated recently and could be used in further more controlled experiments to localize lithium depositions on plated samples. In the last part the particle structure of the anode surface of cells of different manufacturers was investigated using a watershed particle detection algorithm on laser scanning microscopy (LSM) images of the anode surfaces. The distributions of the particle sizes have then been compared to the capacity loss in plated cells. It was shown that the capacity loss correlates with parameters extracted from the particle size distributions. It is however necessary to create more data to verify this correlation. In summary this thesis utilized new methods to detect or characterize plating on different levels of magnification, from the cell level to the chemical composition. New approaches were found to predict a cells future plating behaviour, spatially localize plated areas on the anode and design cells in a plating resistant way. Lithium Plating ist nicht nur der Alterungsmechanismus in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien mit dem größten Kapazitätsverlust, sondern wird auch im Zuge der voranschreitenden Elektrifizierung des Personenverkehrs immer wichtiger. In Elektrofahrzeugen finden sich die extremen Zustände, wie niedrige Ladetemperaturen und hohe Ladestrome, unter denen Plating auftritt, deutlich häufiger als in Unterhaltungstechnik. Durch die Vielzahl von Parametern, von der Zellgeometrie bis hin zur Elektrolyzusammensetzung, die Plating beeinflussen, fehlt immer noch ein tieferes Verständnis des Plating-Prozesses. Ohne dieses Wissen ist es schwer, Zellen zu designen, die resistent gegen Plating sind oder Zellen unter optimalen Bedingungen zu betreiben um Plating zu minimieren. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, verschiedene Methoden aufzuzeigen, die die Untersuchung von Plating auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen ermöglichen. Die erste Methode untersucht das Gesamtverhalten der Zelle auf Zellebene. Hierbei wird das atypische Verhalten der Strom- und Spannunsprofile wahrend des Plating-Vorgangs analysiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Untersuchung der Konstantstrom-Phase bei niedrigen Temperaturen während der Ladung. Das Stromprofil dieser Phase kann mit der JMAK-Funktion gefittet werden, welche die elektrochemische Abscheidung eines Metalls auf einer Oberfläche beschreibt. Die resultierenden Fitting-Parameter können genutzt werden, um das Plating-Verhalten vorherzusagen und sind gleichzeitig eine bessere Abschätzung fur die Menge an geplatetem Lithium im Vergleich zu gängigen Methoden. Die Ergebnisse konnten außerdem helfen das Sicherheitsrisiko der Zelle bei Dendritenbildung vorherzusagen. Im zweiten Teil wird die chemische Zusammensetzung der SEI mittels XPS untersucht. Die Zusammensetzung, wie auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften der SEI, beeinflussen den Plating-Prozess stark und es wurde in vorhergehenden Arbeiten gezeigt, dass Plating auch die Morphologie und Dicke der SEI drastisch verändern kann. Zellen in verschiedenen Zuständen (geplatet, geladen, entladen), sowie Zellen verschiedener Hersteller wurden mit XPS untersucht. Während der Messungen wurde ein ungewollter Nebeneffekt des Messaufbaus entdeckt, der zu einer Migration von Lithium an die Oberflache der Proben geführt und die Messergebnisse verfälscht hat. Unabhängig von diesem Effekt war es dennoch möglich, zu zeigen, dass die SEI in Zellen verschiedener Hersteller stark unterschiedliche Zusammensetzungen haben kann und dass Plating nicht nur die Morphologie der SEI beeinflusst, sondern auch die chemische Zusammensetzung. Weiterhin konnte der ungewollte Nebeneffekt verwendet werden, um Proben zu identifizieren, die vor kurzem geplatet wurden und konnte in zukünftigen Arbeiten verwendet werden, um lokalisiert Lithium-Ablagerungen auf geplateten Proben zu identifizieren. Im letzten Teil wurde die Partikelstruktur der Anoden von Zellen verschiedener Zellhersteller mit Hilfe einer watershed-Partikeldetektion an LSM-Bildern untersucht. Die Verteilung der Partikelgrößen wurde mit dem Kapazitätsverlust gleicher Zelle durch Plating verglichen. Es wurde gezeigt, dass der Kapazitätsverlust mit Parametern, die aus den Partikelverteilungen extrahiert wurden, korreliert. Ein größerer Datensatz ist jedoch notwendig, um diese Ergebnisse zu validieren. Zusammenfassend hat diese Arbeit verschiedene neue Methoden aufgezeigt, um Plating auf verschiedenen Vergrößerungsebenen zu detektieren und zu charakterisieren. Neue Ansätze wurden gefunden, um das Platingverhalten von Zellen vorherzusagen, lokalisiertes Lithium auf der Oberfläche zu detektieren und Zellen platingresistenter designen zu können.
Download or read book Nano-plating written by Tohru Watanabe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-03-05 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Essential Stem Cell Methods by : Robert Lanza
Download or read book Essential Stem Cell Methods written by Robert Lanza and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a fast-moving field, and these detailed methods will help drive advances in stem cell research. The editors have hand selected step-by-step methods from researchers with extensive reputations and expertise.This volume, as part of the Reliable Lab Solutions series, delivers busy researchers a handy, time-saving source for the best methods and protocols in stem cells. Provides powerful research opportunities for those interested in perusing work in pluripotent stem cells, disease modeling, and other aspects of basic stem cell research Refines, organizes and updates popular methods from flagship series, Methods in Enzymology Highlights top downloads, enhanced with author tips and tricks and pitfalls to avoid
Book Synopsis Chemical Replacement Plating of Zircaloy by : C. R. Woods
Download or read book Chemical Replacement Plating of Zircaloy written by C. R. Woods and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Selected Technical Publications by :
Download or read book Selected Technical Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tin and Solder Plating in the Semiconductor Industry by : A.C. Tan
Download or read book Tin and Solder Plating in the Semiconductor Industry written by A.C. Tan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992-11-30 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this book is to provide balanced coverage of the theory and practice of plating semiconductor devices. The principal concepts of plating are introduced and best practice discussed. The book is designed to help electroplaters achieve `zero-defect' plating by providing an understanding of the plating chemistry and the handling of the plated parts.
Book Synopsis Methods and Standards for the Production and Distribution of "certified Milk" Adopted by the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, May 1, 1912 by : American Association of Medical Milk Commissions
Download or read book Methods and Standards for the Production and Distribution of "certified Milk" Adopted by the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, May 1, 1912 written by American Association of Medical Milk Commissions and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation by : Martina Mackova
Download or read book Phytoremediation and Rhizoremediation written by Martina Mackova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an excellent description of the hottest topics in the field of phyto- and rhizoremediation. The book shows especially the importance of cooperation between plant and microorganisms, there is practically no phytoremediation without rhizoremediation. Newest approaches based on methods of molecular biology and genetic engineering are described, as well as plant science achievements.
Book Synopsis Industrial & Engineering Chemistry by :
Download or read book Industrial & Engineering Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metal Plating and Patination by : Susan La-Niece
Download or read book Metal Plating and Patination written by Susan La-Niece and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface finishing is a major subject in the field of metals. The artistic and technical development of decorative or protective finishes has produced some distinctive classes of metalwork in different parts of the world. Metal Plating and Patination is the most important reference work to be published surveying the surface treatments used from the inception of metallurgy to the present day.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Metallurgical Process Design by : George E. Totten
Download or read book Handbook of Metallurgical Process Design written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-25 with total page 992 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviewing an extensive array of procedures in hot and cold forming, casting, heat treatment, machining, and surface engineering of steel and aluminum, this comprehensive reference explores a vast range of processes relating to metallurgical component design-enhancing the production and the properties of engineered components while reducing manufacturing costs. It surveys the role of computer simulation in alloy design and its impact on material structure and mechanical properties such as fatigue and wear. It also discusses alloy design for various materials, including steel, iron, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, super alloy compositions and copper.
Book Synopsis Electroless Copper and Nickel-Phosphorus Plating by : W Sha
Download or read book Electroless Copper and Nickel-Phosphorus Plating written by W Sha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike electroplating, electroless plating allows uniform deposits of coating materials over all surfaces, regardless of size, shape and electrical conductivity. Electroless copper and nickel-phosphorus deposits provide protective and functional coatings in industries as diverse as electronics, automotive, aerospace and chemical engineering. This book discusses the latest research in electroless depositions.After an introductory chapter, part one focuses on electroless copper depositions reviewing such areas as surface morphology and residual stress, modelling surface structure, adhesion strength of electroless copper deposit, electrical resistivity and applications of electroless copper deposits. Part two goes on to look at electroless nickel-phosphorus depositions with chapters on the crystallisation of nickel-phosphorus deposits, modelling the thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallisation of nickel-phosphorus deposits, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling of crystallisation temperatures, hardness evolution of nickel-phosphorus deposits and applications of electroless nickel-phosphorus plating.Written by leading experts in the field Electroless copper and nickel-phosphorus plating: Processing, characterisation and modelling is an invaluable guide for researchers studying electroless deposits or materials science as well as for those working in the chemical, oil and gas, automotive, electronics and aerospace industries. Written by leading experts in the field, this important book reviews the deposition process and the key properties of electroless copper and nickel-phosphorus deposits as well as their practical applications Chapters review areas such as surface morphology and residual stress, modelling surface structure, crystallisation of nickel-phosphorus deposits and hardness evolution An invaluable guide for researchers studying electroless deposits or materials science as well as for those working in the chemical, oil and gas, automotive, electronics and aerospace industries
Book Synopsis Coatings Technology Handbook by : Arthur A. Tracton
Download or read book Coatings Technology Handbook written by Arthur A. Tracton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as an all-in-one guide to the entire field of coatings technology, this encyclopedic reference covers a diverse range of topics-including basic concepts, coating types, materials, processes, testing and applications-summarizing both the latest developments and standard coatings methods. Take advantage of the insights and experience of over