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Author : Leonardo Biagioni
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Plasma Thruster Plume Simulation written by Leonardo Biagioni and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lubos Brieda
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429801068
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Particle Simulation of Pulsed Plasma Thruster Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes the research carried out on the development of numerical approaches for simulating the plumes of pulsed plasma thrusters. A significant amount of progress has been made in the three years of this grant and this summarized in the 9 journals and conference papers that are included as appendices to this report. Our modeling had made progress in al aspects of simulating these complex devices including Teflon ablation, plasma formation, electro-magnetic acceleration, plume expansion, and particulate transport. Several different pulsed plasma thruster devices were modeled including an electro-thermal device (the PPT-4 developed at the University of Illinois by Dr. Rod Burton), and various micro-PPT's (developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory by Dr. Greg Spanjers and colleagues).
Author : Dan M. Goebel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470436263
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion written by Dan M. Goebel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout most of the twentieth century, electric propulsion was considered the technology of the future. Now, the future has arrived. This important new book explains the fundamentals of electric propulsion for spacecraft and describes in detail the physics and characteristics of the two major electric thrusters in use today, ion and Hall thrusters. The authors provide an introduction to plasma physics in order to allow readers to understand the models and derivations used in determining electric thruster performance. They then go on to present detailed explanations of: Thruster principles Ion thruster plasma generators and accelerator grids Hollow cathodes Hall thrusters Ion and Hall thruster plumes Flight ion and Hall thrusters Based largely on research and development performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and complemented with scores of tables, figures, homework problems, and references, Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters is an indispensable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are preparing to enter the aerospace industry. It also serves as an equally valuable resource for professional engineers already at work in the field.
Author : Douglas Bryan VanGilder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Numerical Simulations of the Plumes of Electric Propulsion Thrusters written by Douglas Bryan VanGilder and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nikos A. Gatsonis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Pulsed Plasma Thruster Plumes written by Nikos A. Gatsonis and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stephen Robert Gildea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (845 download)
Download or read book Development of the Plasma Thruster Particle-in-cell Simulator to Complement Empirical Studies of a Low-power Cusped-field Thruster written by Stephen Robert Gildea and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cusped-field plasma thrusters are an electric propulsion concept being investigated by several laboratories in the United States and Europe. This technology was implemented as a low-power prototype in 2007 to ascertain if durability and performance improvements over comparable Hall thruster designs could be provided by the distinct magnetic topologies inherent to these devices. The first device tested at low-powers was eventually designated the "diverging cusped- field thruster" (DCFT) and demonstrated performance capabilities similar to state-of-the-art Hall thrusters. The research presented herein is a continuation of these initial studies, geared toward identifying significant operational characteristics of the thruster using experiments and numerical simulations. After a review of hybrid, fluid, and particle-in-cell Hall thruster models, experimental contributions from this work are presented. Anode current waveform measurements provide the first evidence of the distinct time-dependent characteristics of the two main modes of DCFT operation. The previously named "high-current" mode exhibits oscillation amplitudes several factors larger than mean current values, while magnitudes in "low-current" mode are at least a full order smaller. Results from a long-duration test, exceeding 200 hours of high-current mode operation, demonstrate lifetime-limiting erosion rates about 50% lower than those observed in comparable Hall thrusters. Concurrently, the plasma thruster particle-in-cell (PTpic) simulator was developed by upgrading numerous aspects of a preexisting Hall thruster model. Improvements in performance and accuracy have been achieved through modifications of the particle moving and electrostatic potential solving algorithms. Data from simulations representing both modes of operation are presented. In both cases, despite being unable to predict the correct location of the main potential drop in the thruster chamber, the model successfully reproduces the hollow conical jet of fast ions in the near plume region. The influences guiding the formation of the simulated beam in low-current mode are described in detail. A module for predicting erosion rates on dielectric surfaces has also been incorporated into PTpic and applied to simulations of both DCFT operational modes. Two data sets from highcurrent mode simulations successfully reproduce elevated erosion profiles in each of the three magnetic ring-cusps present in the DCFT. Discrepancies between the simulated and experimental data do exist, however, and are once again attributable to the misplacement of the primary acceleration region of the thruster. Having successfully captured the most significant erosion profile features observed in high-current mode, a simulation of erosion in low-current mode indicates substantially reduced erosion in comparison to the more oscillatory mode. These findings further motivate the completion of low-current mode erosion measurements, and continued numerical studies of the DCFT. Additionally, PTpic has proven to be a useful simulation tool for this project, and has been developed with adaptability in mind to facilitate its application to a variety of thruster designs -- including Hall thrusters.
Author : F. Taccogna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)
Download or read book Very-Near-Field Plume Model of a Hall Thruster written by F. Taccogna and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasmadynamic phenomena of a stationary plasma thruster (SPT-100) plume in the very-near-field region have been studied by using a two-dimensional axysimmetric numerical code based on a combination of Particle in Cell (PIC) simulation for ion component (Xe+ and Xe++) and fluid description for electrons. The model can reproduce qualitatively several experimental observations.
Author : Iain D. Boyd
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Modeling of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster from Plasma Generation to Plume Far Field written by Iain D. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (742 download)
Download or read book Electromagnetic Effects in the Near Field Plume Exhaust of a Micro-Pulsed Plasma Thruster written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work we present a model of the near field plasma plume of a Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT). As a working example we consider a micro-PPT developed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. This is a miniaturized design of the axisymmetric PPT with a thrust in the 10 micro-N range that utilizes Teflon(Trademark(sup Trademark)) as a propellant. The plasma plume is simulated using a hybrid fluid-PIC-DSMC approach. The plasma plume model is combined with Teflon(Trademark) ablation and plasma generation models that provide boundary conditions for the plume. This approach provides a consistent description of the plasma flow from the surface into the near plume. The magnetic field diffusion into the plume region is also considered and plasma acceleration by the electromagnetic mechanism is studied. Teflon(Trademark) ablation and plasma generation analyses show that file Teflon(Trademark) surface temperature and plasma parameters are strongly non-uniform in the radial direction. The plasma density near the propellant surface peaks at about 10(exp 24)/cu m in the middle of the propellant face while the electron temperature peaks at about 4 eV near the electrodes. The plume simulation shows that a dense plasma focus is developed at a few millimeters from the thruster exit plane at the axis. This plasma focus exists during the entire pulse, but the plasma density in the focus decreases from about 2x10(exp 22)/cu m at the beginning of the pulse down to 0.3x10(exp 22)/cu m at 5 microsec. The velocity phase is centered at about 20 km/s in the axial direction. At later stages of the pulse there are two ion populations with positive and negative radial velocity. Electron densities predicted by file plume model are compared with near field measurements using a Herriot Cell technique and very good agreement is obtained.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Examination of a Hall Thruster Plume (Preprint). written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plume of a Busek BHT-200 xenon Hall thruster has been characterized through measurements from various plasma electrostatic probes. Ion current flux, plasma potential, plasma density, and electron temperatures were measured from the near-field plume to 60 cm downstream of the exit plane. These experimentally derived measurements were compared to numerical simulations run with the plasma plume code DRACO. A major goal of this study was to determine the fidelity of the DRACO numerical simulation. The effect of background pressure on the thruster plume was also examined using ion current flux measurements at higher than nominal pressure.
Author : Anthony Pang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (862 download)
Download or read book Development and Simulation of a Cylindrical Cusped-field Thruster and a Diagnostics Tool for Plasma-materials Interactions written by Anthony Pang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A low power, Hall-effect type plasma thruster known as the MIT-Cylindrical Cusped- Field Thruster (MIT-CCFT) has been developed and simulated using a fully-kinetic plasma model, the Plasma Thruster particle-in-cell (PTpic) model. Similar to the Diverging Cusped-Field Thruster (DCFT) previously developed in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Space Propulsion Laboratory, this thruster uses cusped magnetic fields aligned in alternating polarity in order to confine electrons, thus slowing their flow to the anode and readily ionizing neutral gas, which is then electrostatically accelerated by the anode. The design methodology for the CCFT will be discussed, with significant emphasis on the effects of magnetic topology on thruster performance. In particular, while the topology is similar to that of the DCFT in that it also confines the discharge plasma away from the channel walls to limit wall erosion, the CCFT was also designed to minimize plume divergence. To predict the CCFTs performance and plasma dynamics, the design has been modeled and simulated with PTpic. From multiple simulations of the CCFT under different operating conditions, the thruster performance and plume characteristics were found and compared to past simulations of the DCFT. Specifically, the predicted nominal total efficiency ranged from 25 to 35 percent, providing 4-9 mN of thrust at a fixed xenon mass flow rate of 4.0 sccm, whilst consuming 90-400 W of power and with a corresponding nominal specific impulse of 1050 to 1800 s. Preliminary observations of the particle moments suggest that the magnetic confinement of the plasma isolates erosion of the channel walls of the discharge chamber to the ring cusps locations. In addition, in contrast to the DCFT, the CCFT does not have a hollow conic plume; instead, its beam profile is similar to that of traditional Hall-effect thrusters. To supplement the efforts for optimizing longevity of the cusped-field thruster, a new diagnostic tool for erosion studies, novel to the electric propulsion community, has been implemented and has undergone preliminary validation. Ion beam analysis (IBA) allows for in-situ measurements of both composition and profile of the surfaces of the discharge region of a plasma thruster during operation. The technique has been independently tested on individual coupons with the use of the Cambridge Laboratory for Accelerator Study of Surfaces (CLASS) tandem ion accelerator. The coupons, which are composed of materials with known sputtering rates and/or are commonly used as insulator material, are exposed to helicon-generated plasma to simulate the sputtering/re-deposition found in thruster discharge region. Through comparison of ion beam analysis traces taken before and after plasma exposure, the effective erosion rates were found and validated against simulated results.
Author : Michael Keidar
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128137037
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Plasma Engineering written by Michael Keidar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma Engineering, Second Edition, applies the unique properties of plasmas (ionized gases) to improve processes and performance over many fields, such as materials processing, spacecraft propulsion and nanofabrication. The book considers this rapidly expanding discipline from a unified standpoint, addressing fundamentals of physics and modeling, as well as new and real-word applications in aerospace, nanotechnology and bioengineering. This updated edition covers the fundamentals of plasma physics at a level suitable for students using application examples and contains the widest variety of applications of any text on the market, spanning the areas of aerospace engineering, nanotechnology and nanobioengineering. This is highly useful for courses on plasma engineering or plasma physics in departments of Aerospace Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Physics. It is also useful as an introduction to plasma engineering and its applications for early career researchers and practicing engineers. - Features new material relevant to application, including emerging areas of plasma nanotechnology and medicine - Contains a new chapter on plasma-based control, as well as a description of RF and microwave-based plasma applications, plasma lighting, reforming and other most recent application areas - Provides a technical treatment of the fundamental and engineering principles used in plasma applications
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (946 download)
Download or read book Computational Modeling of Expanding Plasma Plumes in Space Using a PIC-DSMC Algorithm written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive computational model of the plume of a Hall Thruster is presented. Spacecraft-plume interaction issues are addressed by studying how a partially ionized plasma expands in three dimensions and interacts with the surfaces it encounters. A quantitative analysis of fundamental parameters is used to show that the plume is an unmagnetized, quasi-neutral plasma in which Charge Exchange collisions play a significant role. The electrons are shown to be isothermal and collisionless and the electron momentum equation is shown to reduce to the Boltzmann relationship. An axisymmetric computational model of the plume is described in detail. The model combines the Particle-in-Cell (PIC) and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods to create a quasi-neutral PIC-DSMC model. The resulting model is relatively fast and is used to model meter scale objects on workstation class computers. Comparisons are made to experimental data from multiple sources. The model is shown to have good agreement with macroscopic quantities such as current densities and sputtering rates but poor agreement with microscopic quantities like the ion distribution function. Disagreement is thought to be due to inadequicies in the plasma source model. Further results are presented showing the thruster operating in vacuum. 'Rules of thumb' are recommended for scaling erosion rates.
Author : Lubos Brieda
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 042980105X
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book Plasma Simulations by Example written by Lubos Brieda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of plasmas is crucial in improving our understanding of the universe, and they are being increasingly utilised in key technologies such as spacecraft thrusters, plasma medicine, and fusion energy. Providing readers with an easy to follow set of examples that clearly illustrate how simulation codes are written, this book guides readers through how to develop C++ computer codes for simulating plasmas primarily with the kinetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method. This text will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates and graduate students in physics and engineering looking to learn how to put the theory to the test. Features: Provides a step-by-step introduction to plasma simulations with easy to follow examples Discusses the electrostatic and electromagnetic Particle in Cell (PIC) method on structured and unstructured meshes, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and Vlasov solvers Covered topics include Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) collisions, surface interactions, axisymmetry, and parallelization strategies. Lubos Brieda has over 15 years of experience developing plasma and gas simulation codes for electric propulsion, contamination transport, and plasma-surface interactions. As part of his master’s research work, he developed a 3D ES-PIC electric propulsion plume code, Draco, which is to this date utilized by government labs and private aerospace firms to study plasma thruster plumes. His Ph.D, obtained in 2012 from George Washington University, USA, focused on a multi-scale model for Hall thrusters utilizing fluid-kinetic hybrid PIC codes. He has since then been involved in numerous projects involving development and the use of plasma simulation tools. Since 2014 he has been teaching online courses on plasma simulations through his website: particleincell.com.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Minimization of Thruster Plume Effects on Spacecraft Surfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past several years, Advatech Pacific has been maintaining and enhancing the COLISEUM plume simulation environment under the direction of AFRL/PRSS. COLISEUM is a software environment used to model the propagation of a plasma plume and its interactions with solid surfaces (including both sputtering and re-deposition). A recent addition to the capabilities of COLISEUM is its integration with ModelCenter, the optimization and integration framework developed by Phoenix Integration. With the help of ModelCenter, the thrust directions of four Hall Effect Thrusters (HETs) for a representative satellite geometry are optimized such that the overall sputtering on the solar panels is minimized, subject to performance constraints on the overall thrust and torque. The satellite is assumed to be in a geosynchronous orbit, with the solar panels always facing the sun. Different positions in the satellite's orbit are considered, as is a case where one thruster is disabled. All cases considered showed smooth convergence behavior, and sputtering on the solar panels could be reduced significantly while meeting all performance constraints.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Examination of the BHT-200 Hall Thruster Plume (Postprint). written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The plume of a Busek BHT-200 xenon Hall thruster has been characterized through measurements from various plasma electrostatic probes. Ion current flux, plasma potential, plasma density, and electron temperatures were measured in the near-field of the plume to 60 cm downstream of the exit plane. These experimentally derived measurements were compared to simulations of the thruster/vacuum chamber environment using the plasma plume code DRACO. The goals of this study were to gain understanding of the effect of the vacuum facility on the thruster plume and to determine the fidelity of the DRACO numerical simulation.
