Pitch Determination of Speech Signals

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642819265
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Determination of Speech Signals by : W. Hess

Download or read book Pitch Determination of Speech Signals written by W. Hess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pitch (i.e., fundamental frequency FO and fundamental period TO) occupies a key position in the acoustic speech signal. The prosodic information of an utterance is predominantly determined by this parameter. The ear is more sensitive to changes of fundamental frequency than to changes of other speech signal parameters by an order of magnitude. The quality of vocoded speech is essentially influenced by the quality and faultlessness of the pitch measure ment. Hence the importance of this parameter necessitates using good and reliable measurement methods. At first glance the task looks simple: one just has to detect the funda mental frequency or period of a quasi-periodic signal. For a number of reasons, however, the task of pitch determination has to be counted among the most difficult problems in speech analysis. 1) In principle, speech is a nonstationary process; the momentary position of the vocal tract may change abruptly at any time. This leads to drastic variations in the temporal structure of the signal, even between subsequent pitch periods, and assuming a quasi-periodic signal is often far from realistic. 2) Due to the flexibility of the human vocal tract and the wide variety of voices, there exist a multitude of possible temporal structures. Narrow-band formants at low harmonics (especially at the second or third harmonic) are an additional source of difficulty. 3) For an arbitrary speech signal uttered by an unknown speaker, the fundamental frequency can vary over a range of almost four octaves (50 to 800 Hz).

Pitch Determination of Speech Signals

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Determination of Speech Signals by : Mark David Anderson

Download or read book Pitch Determination of Speech Signals written by Mark David Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Basic Techniques in Pitch Determination of Speech Signals

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Techniques in Pitch Determination of Speech Signals by : Nghia Van Le

Download or read book Basic Techniques in Pitch Determination of Speech Signals written by Nghia Van Le and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pitch Determination of Speech Signals Using the Generalized Spectrum

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (466 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Determination of Speech Signals Using the Generalized Spectrum by : Tim Black

Download or read book Pitch Determination of Speech Signals Using the Generalized Spectrum written by Tim Black and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pitch Determination of Speech Signals in the Presence of Noise

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (556 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Determination of Speech Signals in the Presence of Noise by : Martin Roy Varley

Download or read book Pitch Determination of Speech Signals in the Presence of Noise written by Martin Roy Varley and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Visual Representations of Speech Signals

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Visual Representations of Speech Signals by : Martin Cooke

Download or read book Visual Representations of Speech Signals written by Martin Cooke and published by . This book was released on 1993-04-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a wide range of graphical representations of some speech signals and allows current speech analysis techniques to be assessed and directly compared. Describes time-frequency representations, auditory modeling, neural networks, pitch and multi-channel analysis. The study of over 40 different analyses of speech is represented in myriad images found throughout.

Pitch Estimation of Speech Signals Using Cyclic Statistics

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Estimation of Speech Signals Using Cyclic Statistics by : Osman Burak Onal

Download or read book Pitch Estimation of Speech Signals Using Cyclic Statistics written by Osman Burak Onal and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Multi-pitch Estimation

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Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1598298380
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-pitch Estimation by : Mads Græsbøll Christensen

Download or read book Multi-pitch Estimation written by Mads Græsbøll Christensen and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periodic signals can be decomposed into sets of sinusoids having frequencies that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. The problem of finding such fundamental frequencies from noisy observations is important in many speech and audio applications, where it is commonly referred to as pitch estimation. These applications include analysis, compression, separation, enhancement, automatic transcription and many more. In this book, an introduction to pitch estimation is given and a number of statistical methods for pitch estimation are presented. The basic signal models and associated estimation theoretical bounds are introduced, and the properties of speech and audio signals are discussed and illustrated. The presented methods include both single- and multi-pitch estimators based on statistical approaches, like maximum likelihood and maximum a posteriori methods, filtering methods based on both static and optimal adaptive designs, and subspace methods based on the principles of subspace orthogonality and shift-invariance. The application of these methods to analysis of speech and audio signals is demonstrated using both real and synthetic signals, and their performance is assessed under various conditions and their properties discussed. Finally, the estimators are compared in terms of computational and statistical efficiency, generalizability and robustness. Table of Contents: Fundamentals / Statistical Methods / Filtering Methods / Subspace Methods / Amplitude Estimation

Digital Processing of Speech Signals

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Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Processing of Speech Signals by : Lawrence R. Rabiner

Download or read book Digital Processing of Speech Signals written by Lawrence R. Rabiner and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1978 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material in this book is intended as a one-semester course in speech processing. The purpose of this text is to show how digital signal processing techniques can be applied to problems related to speech communication. The book gives an extensive description of the physical basis for speech coding including fourier analysis, digital representation and digital and time domain models of the wave form. It goes on to discuss homomorphic speech processing, linear predictive coding and digital processing for machine communication by voice.

Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals

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Publisher : Wiley-IEEE Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals by : John R. Deller

Download or read book Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals written by John R. Deller and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial applications of speech processing and recognition are fast becoming a growth industry that will shape the next decade. Now students and practicing engineers of signal processing can find in a single volume the fundamentals essential to understanding this rapidly developing field. IEEE Press is pleased to publish a classic reissue of Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals. Specially featured in this reissue is the addition of valuable World Wide Web links to the latest speech data references. This landmark book offers a balanced discussion of both the mathematical theory of digital speech signal processing and critical contemporary applications. The authors provide a comprehensive view of all major modern speech processing areas: speech production physiology and modeling, signal analysis techniques, coding, enhancement, quality assessment, and recognition. You will learn the principles needed to understand advanced technologies in speech processing -- from speech coding for communications systems to biomedical applications of speech analysis and recognition. Ideal for self-study or as a course text, this far-reaching reference book offers an extensive historical context for concepts under discussion, end-of-chapter problems, and practical algorithms. Discrete-Time Processing of Speech Signals is the definitive resource for students, engineers, and scientists in the speech processing field. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available upon request from the Wiley Makerting Department.

Signal Processing of Speech

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Publisher : McGraw-Hill Companies
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Signal Processing of Speech by : Frank J. Owens

Download or read book Signal Processing of Speech written by Frank J. Owens and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1993 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an introduction and brief overview of the techniques and algorithms used in the design of speech systems. The author focuses on signal processing, and briefly describes the roles of other disciplines such as electronics, computing science, linguistics and physiology.

New Time-frequency Domain Pitch Estimation Methods for Speed Signals Under Low Levels of SNR

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis New Time-frequency Domain Pitch Estimation Methods for Speed Signals Under Low Levels of SNR by : Celia Shahnaz

Download or read book New Time-frequency Domain Pitch Estimation Methods for Speed Signals Under Low Levels of SNR written by Celia Shahnaz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this research is to develop novel pitch estimation methods capable of handling speech signals in practical situations where only noise-corrupted speech observations are available. With this objective in mind, the estimation task is carried out in two different approaches. In the first approach, the noisy speech observations are directly employed to develop two new time-frequency domain pitch estimation methods. These methods are based on extracting a pitch-harmonic and finding the corresponding harmonic number required for pitch estimation. Considering that voiced speech is the output of a vocal tract system driven by a sequence of pulses separated by the pitch period, in the second approach, instead of using the noisy speech directly for pitch estimation, an excitation-like signal (ELS) is first generated from the noisy speech or its noise- reduced version. In the first approach, at first, a harmonic cosine autocorrelation (HCAC) model of clean speech in terms of its pitch-harmonics is introduced. In order to extract a pitch-harmonic, we propose an optimization technique based on least-squares fitting of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the noisy speech to the HCAC model. By exploiting the extracted pitch-harmonic along with the fast Fourier transform (FFT) based power spectrum of noisy speech, we then deduce a harmonic measure and a harmonic-to-noise-power ratio (HNPR) to determine the desired harmonic number of the extracted pitch-harmonic. In the proposed optimization, an initial estimate of the pitch-harmonic is obtained from the maximum peak of the smoothed FFT power spectrum. In addition to the HCAC model, where the cross-product terms of different harmonics are neglected, we derive a compact yet accurate harmonic sinusoidal autocorrelation (HSAC) model for clean speech signal. The new HSAC model is then used in the least-squares model-fitting optimization technique to extract a pitch-harmonic. In the second approach, first, we develop a pitch estimation method by using an excitation-like signal (ELS) generated from the noisy speech. To this end, a technique is based on the principle of homomorphic deconvolution is proposed for extracting the vocal-tract system (VTS) parameters from the noisy speech, which are utilized to perform an inverse-filtering of the noisy speech to produce a residual signal (RS). In order to reduce the effect of noise on the RS, a noise-compensation scheme is introduced in the autocorrelation domain. The noise-compensated ACF of the RS is then employed to generate a squared Hilbert envelope (SHE) as the ELS of the voiced speech. With a view to further overcome the adverse effect of noise on the ELS, a new symmetric normalized magnitude difference function of the ELS is proposed for eventual pitch estimation. Cepstrum has been widely used in speech signal processing but has limited capability of handling noise. One potential solution could be the introduction of a noise reduction block prior to pitch estimation based on the conventional cepstrum, a framework already available in many practical applications, such as mobile communication and hearing aids. Motivated by the advantages of the existing framework and considering the superiority of our ELS to the speech itself in providing clues for pitch information, we develop a cepstrum-based pitch estimation method by using the ELS obtained from the noise-reduced speech. For this purpose, we propose a noise subtraction scheme in frequency domain, which takes into account the possible cross-correlation between speech and noise and has advantages of noise being updated with time and adjusted at each frame. The enhanced speech thus obtained is utilized to extract the vocal-tract system (VTS) parameters via the homomorphic deconvolution technique. A residual signal (RS) is then produced by inverse-filtering the enhanced speech with the extracted VTS parameters. It is found that, unlike the previous ELS-based method, the squared Hilbert envelope (SHE) computed from the RS of the enhanced speech without noise compensation, is sufficient to represent an ELS. Finally, in order to tackle the undesirable effect of noise of the ELS at a very low SNR and overcome the limitation of the conventional cepstrum in handling different types of noises, a time-frequency domain pseudo cepstrum of the ELS of the enhanced speech, incorporating information of both magnitude and phase spectra of the ELS, is proposed for pitch estimation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Pitch Detection in Speech Signals Using Linear Prediction and an Adaptive Delay Element

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Pitch Detection in Speech Signals Using Linear Prediction and an Adaptive Delay Element by : Angelo Nicholas Viverito

Download or read book Pitch Detection in Speech Signals Using Linear Prediction and an Adaptive Delay Element written by Angelo Nicholas Viverito and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Springer Handbook of Speech Processing

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540491252
Total Pages : 1170 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Speech Processing by : Jacob Benesty

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Speech Processing written by Jacob Benesty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-28 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook plays a fundamental role in sustainable progress in speech research and development. With an accessible format and with accompanying DVD-Rom, it targets three categories of readers: graduate students, professors and active researchers in academia, and engineers in industry who need to understand or implement some specific algorithms for their speech-related products. It is a superb source of application-oriented, authoritative and comprehensive information about these technologies, this work combines the established knowledge derived from research in such fast evolving disciplines as Signal Processing and Communications, Acoustics, Computer Science and Linguistics.

Fundamentals of Speech Signal Processing

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Speech Signal Processing by : Shūzō Saitō

Download or read book Fundamentals of Speech Signal Processing written by Shūzō Saitō and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

New Spectral Methods for Analysis of Source/filter Characteristics of Speech Signals

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Publisher : Presses univ. de Louvain
ISBN 13 : 2874630136
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (746 download)

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Book Synopsis New Spectral Methods for Analysis of Source/filter Characteristics of Speech Signals by : Baris Bozkurt

Download or read book New Spectral Methods for Analysis of Source/filter Characteristics of Speech Signals written by Baris Bozkurt and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2006 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study proposes a new spectral representation called the Zeros of Z-Transform (ZZT), which is an all-zero representation of the z-transform of the signal. In addition, new chirp group delay processing techniques are developed for analysis of resonances of a signal. The combination of the ZZT representation with the chirp group delay processing algorithms provides a useful domain to study resonance characteristics of source and filter components of speech. Using the two representations, effective algorithms are developed for: source-tract decomposition of speech, glottal flow parameter estimation, formant tracking and feature extraction for speech recognition. The ZZT representation is mainly important for theoretical studies. Studying the ZZT of a signal is essential to be able to develop effective chirp group delay processing methods. Therefore, first the ZZT representation of the source-filter model of speech is studied for providing a theoretical background. We confirm through ZZT representation that anti-causality of the glottal flow signal introduces mixed-phase characteristics in speech signals. The ZZT of windowed speech signals is also studied since windowing cannot be avoided in practical signal processing algorithms and the effect of windowing on ZZT representation is drastic. We show that separate patterns exist in ZZT representations of windowed speech signals for the glottal flow and the vocal tract contributions. A decomposition method for source-tract separation is developed based on these patterns in ZZT. We define chirp group delay as group delay calculated on a circle other than the unit circle in z-plane. The need to compute group delay on a circle other than the unit circle comes from the fact that group delay spectra are often very noisy and cannot be easily processed for formant tracking purposes (the reasons are explained through ZZT representation). In this thesis, we propose methods to avoid such problems by modifying the ZZT of a signal and further computing the chirp group delay spectrum. New algorithms based on processing of the chirp group delay spectrum are developed for formant tracking and feature estimation for speech recognition. The proposed algorithms are compared to state-of-the-art techniques. Equivalent or higher efficiency is obtained for all proposed algorithms. The theoretical parts of the thesis further discuss a mixed-phase model for speech and phase processing problems in detail. Index Terms—spectral representation, source-filter separation, glottal flow estimation, formant tracking, zeros of z-transform, group delay processing, phase processing.

Introduction to Digital Speech Processing

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Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 1601980701
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Digital Speech Processing by : Lawrence R. Rabiner

Download or read book Introduction to Digital Speech Processing written by Lawrence R. Rabiner and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the reader with a practical introduction to the wide range of important concepts that comprise the field of digital speech processing. Students of speech research and researchers working in the field can use this as a reference guide.