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Pious Property
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Download or read book Pious Property written by Bill Maurer and published by . This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owning a home has always been central to the American dream. For the more than one million Muslims in the United States, this is no exception. However, the Qur'an forbids the payment of interest, which places conventional home financing out of reach for observant Muslims. To meet the growing Muslim demand for home purchases, a market for home financing that would be halal, or permissible under Islamic law, has emerged. In Pious Property, anthropologist William Maurer profiles the emergence of this new religiously based financial service and explores the ways it reflects the influence of Muslim practices on American economic life and vice versa. Pious Property charts the development of Islamic mortgages in America, starting with Islamic interpretations of the prohibition against riba—literally translated as "increase" but interpreted as "usury" or "interest." Maurer then explores the different practices that have emerged as permissible options for Islamic homebuyers—such as lease-to-own arrangements, profit-loss sharing, and cost-plus contracts—and explains how they have gained acceptance in the Islamic community by relying on payment schemes that avoid standard interest rate payments. Using interviews with Muslim homebuyers and financiers, and in-depth analysis of two companies that provide mortgage alternatives to Muslims, Maurer discovers an interesting paradox: progressive Muslims tend to use financial contracts that seemingly comply better with the prohibition against interest, while traditional Muslims seem more inclined to take on financing very similar to interest-based mortgages. Maurer finds that Muslims make their decisions about using Islamic mortgage alternatives based not only on the views of religious scholars, but also on their conceptions of how business is supposed to be conducted in America. While one form of Islamic financing is seemingly more congruent with the prohibition against riba, the other exhibits more of the qualities of American mortgages—anonymity and standardized forms. The appearance that an Islamic financing instrument is legal and professional leaves many Muslim homebuyers with the impression that it is halal, revealing the influence of American capitalism on Muslim Americans' understanding of their religious rules. The market for halal financial products exists at the intersection of American and Islamic culture and is emblematic of the way that, for centuries, America's newcomers have adapted to and changed the fabric of American life. In Pious Property, William Maurer explores this rapidly growing economic phenomenon with historical perspective and scholarly insight.
Book Synopsis What Is the Argument? by : Maralee Harrell
Download or read book What Is the Argument? written by Maralee Harrell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-10-21 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring philosophy through detailed argument analyses of texts by philosophers from Plato to Strawson using a novel and transparent method of analysis. The best way to introduce students to philosophy and philosophical discourse is to have them read and wrestle with original sources. This textbook explores philosophy through detailed argument analyses of texts by philosophers from Plato to Strawson. It presents a novel and transparent method of analysis that will teach students not only how to understand and evaluate philosophers' arguments but also how to construct such arguments themselves. Students will learn to read a text and discover what the philosopher thinks, why the philosopher thinks it, and whether the supporting argument is good. Students learn argument analysis through argument diagrams, with color-coding of the argument's various elements—conclusion, claims, and “indicator phrases.” (An online “mini-course” in argument diagramming and argument diagramming software are both freely available online.) Each chapter ends with exercises and reading questions. After a general introduction to philosophy and logic and an explanation of argument analysis, the book presents selections from primary sources, arranged by topics that correspond to contemporary debates, with detailed analysis and evaluation. These topics include philosophy of religion, epistemology, theory of mind, free will and determinism, and ethics; authors include Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, Kant, Ryle, Fodor, Dennett, Searle, and others. What Is the Argument? not only introduces students to great philosophical thinkers, it also teaches them the essential skill of critical thinking.
Book Synopsis Desiring the Good by : Katja Maria Vogt
Download or read book Desiring the Good written by Katja Maria Vogt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desiring the Good defends a novel and distinctive approach in ethics that is inspired by ancient philosophy. Ethics, according to this approach, starts from one question and its most immediate answer: "what is the good for human beings?"--"a well-going human life." Ethics thus conceived is broader than moral philosophy. It includes a range of topics in psychology and metaphysics. Plato's Philebus is the ancestor of this approach. Its first premise, defended in Book I of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics, is that the final agential good is the good human life. Though Aristotle introduces this premise while analyzing human activities, it is absent from approaches in the theory of action that self-identify as Aristotelian. This absence, Vogt argues, is a deep and far-reaching mistake, one that can be traced back to Elizabeth Anscombe's influential proposals. And yet, the book is Anscombian in spirit. It engages with ancient texts in order to contribute to philosophy today, and it takes questions about the human mind to be prior to, and relevant to, substantive normative matters. In this spirit, Desiring the Good puts forward a new version of the Guise of the Good, namely that desire to have one's life go well shapes and sustains mid- and small-scale motivations. A theory of good human lives, it is argued, must make room for a plurality of good lives. Along these lines, the book lays out a non-relativist version of Protagoras's Measure Doctrine and defends a new kind of realism about good human lives.
Download or read book The Rambler written by and published by . This book was released on 1849 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Back to the Core by : Emma Cohen de Lara
Download or read book Back to the Core written by Emma Cohen de Lara and published by Vernon Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whereas liberal arts and sciences education arguably has European roots, European universities have evolved over the last century to become advanced research institutions, mainly offering academic training in specialized disciplines. The Bologna process, started by the European Union in the late nineties, encouraged European institutions of higher education to broaden their curricula and to commit to undergraduate education with increased vigor. One of the results is that Europe is currently witnessing a proliferation of liberal arts and sciences colleges and broad bachelor degrees. This edited volume fills a gap in the literature by providing reflections on the recent developments in Europe with regard to higher education in the liberal arts and sciences. The first section includes reflections from either side of the Atlantic about the nature and aims of liberal arts and sciences education and the way in which it takes shape, or should take shape in European institutions of higher learning. The edited volume takes as a distinct approach to liberal arts and sciences education by focusing on the unique way in which core texts – i.e. classic texts from philosophical, historical, literary or cultural traditions involving “the best that has been written” – meet the challenges of modern higher education in general and in Europe in particular. This approach is manifested explicitly in the second section that focuses on how specific core texts promote the goals of liberal arts and sciences education, including the teaching methods, curricular reflections, and personal experiences of teaching core texts. The edited volume is based on a selection of papers presented at a conference held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in September 2015. It is meant to impart the passion that teachers and administrators share about developing the liberal arts and sciences in Europe with the help of core texts in order to provide students with a well-rounded, formative, and genuinely liberal education.
Download or read book Categories We Live By written by Ásta and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are women, we are men. We are refugees, single mothers, people with disabilities, and queers. We belong to social categories and they frame our actions, self-understanding, and opportunities. But what are social categories? How are they created and sustained? How does one come to belong to them? Ásta approaches these questions through analytic feminist metaphysics. Her theory of social categories centers on an answer to the question: what is it for a feature of an individual to be socially meaningful? In a careful, probing investigation, she reveals how social categories are created and sustained and demonstrates their tendency to oppress through examples from current events. To this end, she offers an account of just what social construction is and how it works in a range of examples that problematize the categories of sex, gender, and race in particular. The main idea is that social categories are conferred upon people. Ásta introduces a 'conferralist' framework in order to articulate a theory of social meaning, social construction, and most importantly, of the construction of sex, gender, race, disability, and other social categories.
Book Synopsis Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States by : United States. Department of State
Download or read book Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land and Privilege in Byzantium by : Mark C. Bartusis
Download or read book Land and Privilege in Byzantium written by Mark C. Bartusis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pronoia was a type of conditional grant from the emperor, often to soldiers, of various properties and privileges. In large measure the institution of pronoia characterized social and economic relations in later Byzantium, and its study is the study of later Byzantium. Filling the need for a comprehensive study of the institution, this book examines the origin, evolution and characteristics of pronoia, focusing particularly on the later thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. But the book is much more than a study of a single institution. With a broad chronological scope extending from the mid-tenth to the mid-fifteenth century, it incorporates the latest understanding of Byzantine agrarian relations, taxation, administration and the economy, as it deals with relations between the emperor, monastic and lay landholders, including soldiers and peasants. Particular attention is paid to the relation between the pronoia and Western European, Slavic and Middle Eastern institutions, especially the Ottoman timar.
Book Synopsis Syntagma Alphabeticum Canonum – Hieromonk Matthew Blastares by : Hieromonk Matthew Blastares
Download or read book Syntagma Alphabeticum Canonum – Hieromonk Matthew Blastares written by Hieromonk Matthew Blastares and published by Vladimir Djambov. This book was released on with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self Containment (reproachfully for inserting the text on the "Syntagma" ) FOREWORD - ABOUT THE ORTHODOX FAITH The beginning of the letter A Chapter 1 - about those who have renounced the immaculate Christian faith, and how those who repent should be received. - About the clergy who renounced the faith for the sake of fear. - About the laity who renounced the faith. - About those who arbitrarily renounce the faith. - About those who, after renouncing the faith, persecuted others. - About the catechumens who renounced the faith. - About those who, I beat are forced to renounce the faith, did not submit Chapter 2 - about heretics, and how those who turn from heresies should be received. - About encratites. - About hydroparas. - About the Eunomians. - About the Arians. - About Macedonians and Semi-Arians. - About Novate - About Savvatiy. - About aristers. - About four-ten-days. - About notebooks. - About Apollinaria. - About Montana Phrygian. - About pepuziani. - About Savelli. - About former peacocks. - About the Paulicians. - About Dioscorus and Eutyches. - About Sever. - About the Manichaeans. - About the Valentinians, or Eutychs, Bogomils and Massalians. - How should the Navatian be taken. - How should donatists be received. - About Donat - About angelites. - About Maxim Cynic. - About Nestoria. - About the feud that took place between Saint Cyril and blessed Theodoret. - About Celestia. - That those of the heretics who repent at the end of their lives should be received Chapter 3 - how the so-called "suppers of love" or feasts should be arranged Chapter 4 - about buying and selling. - About captives Chapter 5 - about those mixed with dumb (animals) or cattle-keepers Chapter 6 - about readers Chapter 7 - about anathema Chapter 8 - about antimins Chapter 9 - about the absence of bishops and clerics. - About what is movement, crossing and invasion. - About letters of representation, dismissal and peace, given from bishops to outgoing clergy Chapter 10 - about letters of leave Chapter 11 - about bishops who steal churches that do not belong to them Chapter 12 - about those who robbery steal someone else's Chapter 13 - about those who steal wives for marriage Chapter 14 - about sodomy Chapter 15 - about the bosses, what they should be Chapter 16 - about women who are in purification Chapter 17 - about minors Chapter 18 - about excommunication. - About not excommunicating anyone without blessed guilt Beginning of the letter B Chapter 1 - about holy baptism - About holy peace Chapter 2- about infants, regarding whom there is doubt whether they were baptized Chapter 3 - about baptized Hagar infants. - About those who are baptized by uninitiated persons Chapter 4 - about those who are baptized from the Jews Chapter 5 - about the king Chapter 6 - when the king enters St. altar Chapter 7-I - that the king should not be annoyed Chapter 8-I - about marriage degrees, - Separation of kinship. - About brotherhood. - About consanguinity. - About those born of fornication - About the degrees of property - About the fact that one and the same person should not take two second cousins. - On the degrees of trigeneric property. - About adoption. - About the fact that eunuchs also adopt. - About the fact that girls are also adopted. - On the perception from holy baptism. - About forbidden marriages other than kinship Chapter 9 - about those who abhor legal marriages, wine, meat and other things Chapter 10 - about violence and seizure Chapter 11 - about the books of Divine Scripture, genuine and forged. - About Metaphrast. - About what should not be cut into sacred books Chapter 12 - about the dead by violence or suicides Chapter 13 - about leap years The beginning of the letter G Chapter 1 - about marriage degrees Chapter 2 - about marriages permitted and forbidden. - Definition of marriage Chapter 3 - about those who abhor legal marriages Chapter 4 - about husbands and wives entering into a second, third and many marriages, and about persons of the initiates entering into a second marriage - About readers entering into a second marriage. - About the "volume of unity" Chapter 5 - about a wife who wants to enter into a second marriage when her husband went missing on a journey or in a war Chapter 6 - that a presbyter who blessed the marriage should not feast with a bigamist Chapter 7th - about the fact that Christians who come to marriage should not listen to games Chapter 8 - about virgins who marry without the consent of their parents Chapter 9- about illegal and unlawful family marriages. - Of clerics entering into lawless marriages. - About the laity entering into lawless marriages Chapter 10 - about those who kidnap wives for marriage Chapter 11 - about those who take into marriage consecrated to God. - About deaconesses and widows Chapter 12th - that one should not enter into marriages with heretics Chapter 13th - for what reasons a marriage is dissolved. - Dissolution of marriage with impunity and marriage terminated for the sake of feat of abstinence Chapter 14 - about deaconesses and widows Chapter 15 - about betrothed wives. - About betrothal. - On the betrothal of clerics - About the one who defiled himself with his mother-in-law - For what reasons betrothals are terminated Chapter 16 - about clerics who expel their wives under the pretext of piety. - About the laity who cast out their wives Chapter 17 - that bishops should be separated from their wives. - That a wife separated from a bishop should also be tonsured Chapter 18 - that initiates should abstain from their wives when they intend to serve as priests Chapter 19 - about bishops or clerics who have cohabiting wives Chapter 20 - I - about those who bathe with women Chapter 21 - that the wives of presbyters should not be presbyterides Chapter 22 - that women should not enter the holy altar Chapter 23 - that wives should be silent in church Chapter 24 - that women should not dress in men's clothes Chapter 25 - about the fact that a woman in childbirth does not need to observe legalized fasts Chapter 26 - about who has a raging wife Chapter 27 - about women who are in purification Chapter 28 - about women who take medicine for the eruption of a conceived fetus Chapter 29 -i - about a wife neglecting a (newly) born or leaving him Chapter 30 - about those who rape virgin wives Chapter 31 - about sorcery The beginning of the letter D Chapter 1 - about raging or pretending to be mad Chapter 2 - about creditors, loans and mortgages Chapter 3 - about the dissolution of marriage Chapter 4 - about the testament Chapter 5 - about deacons. - About the honor of the hartophylax Chapter 6 - about the second-married Chapter 7 - how the people should be taught to bishops and presbyters Chapter 8 (ch. 6) - about the truth Chapter 9 (7) - about judgments, and about clerics and laity having litigation. - About the elected judges Chapter 10 (8th) - about the bishops and clerics who are on trial for their crimes. - About accusers in courts. - About witnesses in courts. - About those who are legally expelled Chapter 11th (9th) - about not being punished twice for the same thing Chapter 12th (10th) - about those who persecute someone for piety Chapter 13- I (11th) - about the liberation of slaves and acceptance into the clergy. Chapter 14th (13th) - about gifts The beginning of the letter E Chapter 1st - about suretyship Chapter 2nd - About church unwritten customs. - About Holy Pentecost Chapter 3 - about Hellenic customs Chapter 4 - about civil customs Chapter 5 - about letters of peace Chapter 6- about holy icons. - About the cross. - The difference between honest icons and idols Chapter 7 - on arson Chapter 8 - on the leasing of property Chapter 9 - on clothes decent for initiates Chapter 10 - on pledges Chapter 11 - on privileges and advantages, who have churches and bishops. - Which Churches were awarded special privileges? - About the advantages of the Church of Constantinople - Why is the patriarch ordained from the Bishop of Heraclius? - Why was the Bishop of Thessalonica a papal legate? - On the election and consecration of bishops. - Why does the patriarch send stauropegia to the metropolitan area? - About the bishops of Bulgaria, Cyprus and Iver. - Decree of Constantine the Great Chapter 12 - on the construction and consecration of churches, - On antimensions - On those who pretend to be rampant Chapter 13 - on those who run to church Chapter 14 - that one cleric should not be in churches two cities Chapter 15-I - that there should not be so-called love suppers inside the church, nor feasts, nor be a tavern inside its sacred fences, nor offer anything for trade, nor introduce an animal without need, nor remain for someone or with a wife Chapter 16 - that church property should be inalienable, and how bishops should dispose of it Chapter 17 - about bishops Chapter 18 - about the fact that bishops should be separated from their wives Chapter 19 - about bishops who receive Churches at the request of their superiors The Church either departed and was not accepted, or who did not have the opportunity to depart, for the reason that the Church is occupied by pagans Chapter 21 - about bishops converted to metropolises, and that there should not be two metropolitans in one area - On imperial advantages Chapter 22 - that bishops should restore bishoprics and monasteries if they have become ordinary dwellings. - About the fact that lay people are not forbidden to accept monasteries Chapter 23rd - about the bishop's own estate and how he should dispose of the church property Chapter 24th - about the fact that the bishop should also have an steward (for) church property Chapter 25th - that a bishop should not build a monastery to the detriment of the property of his church Chapter 26 - that a bishop from church property should give to needy clerics Chapter 27 - that after the death of a bishop his property should not be kidnapped by his clerics or the metropolitan, but should be preserved by the one who will be ordained after him. Chapter 28 - about what a bishop should not descend to the degree of presbyter. - On the abdication of bishops Chapter 29 - on the fact that a bishop who has taken the monastic vows is deprived of the priesthood Chapter 30 - on what should not be a bishop in a small town or village Chapter 31 - on chorepiscopes. - About confessors Chapter 32 - about perjury Chapter 33 - about guardians and trustees Chapter 34 - about eunuchs Chapter 35 - about deanery of prayers. - About the Trisagion Song Chapter 36 - about exorcists The beginning of the letter Z Chapter 1 - about warm water poured into Divine Secrets Chapter 2- about depiction that harms souls through impure pleasure Chapter 3 - about cattle-keepers and those who are dumb. The beginning of the letter H Chapter 1 - about abbots Chapter 2 - about the age of ordained Chapter 3 - about the length of the day. The beginning of the letter Q Chapter 1 - about spectacles and various theatrical games Chapter 2 - about theology and the Orthodox faith Chapter 3 - about the holy Theophany Chapter 4 - about clerics who build altars against the will of their bishops Chapter 5 - that in St. the altar can freely enter only initiates, - about the fact that kings also enter when they intend to bring gifts to the divine meal, and that it is forbidden for laymen or women to enter (into the altar) Beginning of the letter I Chapter 1 - about sacred vessels and sacrilege Chapter 2 - about that inside the sacred fences one should not arrange so-called "suppers of love" - neither be innkeepers - nor offer anything for trade, nor introduce an animal without need, nor stay with someone's wife Chapter 3 - about the divine priesthood Chapter 4- I - about the Jews and about what should by no means have communion with them. - About unleavened bread, against the Latins The beginning of the letter K Chapter 1- about bishops and clerics who have already been deposed, and how many bishops they are deposed Chapter 2 - about churches or cities renewed by kings Chapter 3 - about new buildings Chapter 4 - about calends and soothsayings Chapter 5 - about church rules , and what rules should be observed Chapter 6 - about the "set duty" Chapter 7 - that the clergy should not enter the tavern Chapter 8 - about bearing fruit in divine temples. - About hydroparastats and Armenians. - About the warmth poured into the Divine Mysteries. - About the birth of the Most Holy Theotokos Chapter 9- about the accusation of bishops and clerics, and who is allowed to be accused and who is not allowed Chapter 10 - about the catechumens Chapter 11 - who should inherit the property of the bishop Chapter 12 - about inheritance and disinherited sons or parents Chapter 13 - that those who do not come from a priestly family should also be included in the clergy, if they are worthy Chapter 14 - that clerics should not be moved Chapter 15 - that clerics in need should be given from church property Chapter 16 -i - that clerics should not steal the property of a deceased cleric Chapter 17- that one cleric should not be in two cities, or serve in two churches in one city. Chapter 18 - about the fact that clerics should not do anything without the will of (their) bishop Chapter 19 - about the fact that even clergy were not ordained out of hand Chapter 20 - about what clerics of churches and monasteries should to be under the authority of a bishop Chapter 21 - that a cleric for a sin, if he falls into it, is expelled, but is not subjected to excommunication (together with the eruption) Chapter 22 - that clerics who do not submit to take the highest degree , are deprived of the one that is occupied Chapter 23-I - about theft. - About robbers Chapter 24- about what should not have communion with the excommunicated Chapter 25 - about those who do not have communion with the faithful during the celebration of the sacred liturgy, or postpone communion for three Sundays Chapter 26 - about what should not give communion to the bodies of the dead Chapter 27 - about that. that he who has communion should not approach his wife Chapter 28 - about when one who has been defiled in a dream communes. - About Malachi Chapter 29 - about the fact that nothing should be taken for divine communion Chapter 30 - about those who doubt to receive communion from a married presbyter Chapter 31 - about deanery in the communion of presbyters and laity Chapter 32 - I- about the fact that neither clerics nor monastics should receive worldly care, except until the royal command Chapter 33 - about trustees Chapter 34 - about courts where clerics and monks should be judged, and about elected judges Chapter 35 - I - about those who indulge in gambling and drunkenness Chapter 36 - that on the day of the Lord bishops should primarily teach the people Chapter 37 - that on the day of the Lord one should not fast, nor kneel, nor work, no spectacle. - About the holy Epiphany Chapter 38 - about the codickelle The beginning of the letter L Chapter 1 - about the bishops made from the laity Chapter 2- about bishops, or clerics, or monks entering the lay rank Chapter 3 - about what the laity should not be taught in the church Chapter 4 - about the divine liturgy Chapter 5 - about the Latins Chapter 6 - about robbers of the penitent Chapter 7 - about those who kill robbers Chapter 8 - about those who robbed others' property Chapter 9 - about what should not be washed by men together with women. Chapter 10 - on the birth of the Most Pure Mother of God Chapter 11 - on the dissolution of marriage The beginning of the letter M Chapter 1 - about the Magi, number-tellers and wizards, as well as about astrologers, sorcerers, and also about witchcraft, poisons and amulets. - About hundred chiefs. - About the leaders of the bears. - About cloud collectors. - About charmers Chapter 2 - about malakia Chapter 3 - about drunkards Chapter 4 - about the transfer and transfer of bishops or clerics Chapter 5 - that penitents should not be rejected Chapter 6 - about places of repentance Chapter 7 - That the bishop is granted the right to shorten or continue the penance of the penitents, depending on their disposition Chapter 8- that the penitents, at the onset of death, should be honored with divine communion, and in case of recovery they should again abstain from it Chapter 9 - that it is left to the bishops to receive the thoughts of the penitents and to decide and bind sins, and with their permission and presbyters. - About the fact that it is also established by civil laws to use punishments more philanthropicly Chapter 10 - about foul eaters Chapter 11 - about laughers and disgraceful ones Chapter 12 - about hiring Chapter 13 - about betrothal Chapter 14 - about adultery Chapter 15 is about monasteries and monks. - About how to receive those who want to get a haircut. - About those who, without prayer, put on a monastic robe. - About the hermits. - About moving from monastery to monastery. - About monastic wives. - About monks and nuns who are falling. About how a bishop makes (someone into hegumen) Chapter 16 - about the holy world The beginning of the letter N Chapter 1 - about the construction and consecration of churches Chapter 2 - about what should not happen inside the fences of the temple feasts, neither to be innkeepers, nor to offer anything for sale, nor to bring in an animal unnecessarily, nor to remain with someone with a wife Chapter 3 - about abandoned babies or doubtful whether they are baptized Chapter 4 - about fasting Chapter 5 -I - that one should not fast on Saturdays and Sundays Chapter 6 - that fasting people should abstain from food not because of the abhorrence of food Chapter 7 - about the law Chapter 8 - about possession Beginning of the letter Z Chapter 1st - about the destruction of idols Chapter 2 - about the fact that foreign clerics should receive the beginning of the letter O Chapter 1st - about what the economy should have for the bishop and abbot Chapter 2 - about bird fortune telling Chapter 3 - about defiled in a dream Chapter 4 - about oaths The beginning of the letter P Chapter 1 - about shameful games Chapter 2- about clerics eating in an inn Chapter 3 - about the renunciation of bishops Chapter 4 - about wives who have chosen virginity Chapter 5 - about fasting on Friday Chapter 6 - about trust Chapter 7 - about St. Pascha . Why does Easter come after the equinox? Why are there 19 circles of the moon? - Why are there twenty-eight solar circles? Why do moons and bases start in October? - How to find the circle of the moon? How to find the base of the moon? How to find the circle of the sun? - How to find the index? - How to find the day of the Jewish Passover? - How to find the day of Christian Easter? - How to find a meat-pusher? - About the Jewish Passover and about the disagreement regarding the full moon. That there are four restrictions for Easter. - About the spring equinox. - About the three-day resurrection Chapter 8 - about the patriarch Chapter 9 - about the periodeuses or exarchs Chapter 10 - about the Orthodox faith Chapter 11 - about covetousness and theft Chapter 12 - about how spiritual fathers should arrange those confessing to them Chapter 13 - about not eating strangled animals Chapter 14 - about punishments Chapter 15 - about fornication Chapter 16 - about the one who had a desire to commit fornication, but did not bring his desire into action Chapter 17 - about the keepers of harlots Chapter 18 - about the privileges and advantages that bishops and Churches have, and about their areas Chapter 19 - about the rights that presbyters have Chapter 20 - about dowries Chapter 21 - about traitors Beginning of the letter R Chapter 1st - about husbands and wives in an involuntary expiration Beginning of the letter S Chapter 1st - about not fasting on Saturdays Chapter 2nd - about shameful ones Chapter 3rd - about that the cross should not be depicted on the ground, but the depicted crosses should be scattered Chapter 4 - on contracts and conditions Chapter 5- about feasts Chapter 6 - about those who withdraw from sacred assemblies Chapter 7 - about clerics who have brought wives Chapter 8 - about those who touch the sins of clerics and do not confess (them) Chapter 9 - about the councils that take place annually Chapter 10 - about letters of representation Chapter 11 - about those who commit conspiracies (conspiracies), gatherings, or uprisings Chapter 12 - about schismatics The beginning of the letter T Chapter 1 - about the rank clergy Chapter 2 - about burial Chapter 3 - about the fact that it is not permissible either to baptize the dead, or to give communion to their bodies Chapter 4 - about the children of clerics Chapter 5 - about the holy fortecost and the customs observed in it. - Why is the Divine Liturgy celebrated for the most part at the third hour of the day, and sometimes - on the great Feasts - in the eve? - Why is the forty day called the fortification of the whole year, and for what reasons does everything that takes place in it happen? - Why is the remembrance of the departed not performed during the forty days, except on Saturdays? - Why are marriages and some other such celebrations not celebrated on Fortecost? - About the miracle performed by Saint Theodore (Tyron) by means of a koliva. - Why do we commemorate all those who died in the faith and the holy fathers before the fortecost? - Why is the memory of all the saints celebrated after Pentecost? Chapter 6 - about fasting on Wednesday Chapter 7 - about the fact that it is forbidden for any cleric to take interest, and about interest Chapter 8 - about the Trisagion Song Chapter 9 - about the fact that the hair on the head should not decorate Chapter 10 - about grave diggers Chapter 11 - about not being allowed to beat clerics Beginning of the letter U Chapter 1 - about insults Chapter 2 - about hydroparastats - heretics Chapter 3 - about adoption Chapter 4 - of ministers or subdeacons Chapter 5 - of gifts on the occasion of marriage The beginning of the letter F Chapter 1 - on Falcidia Chapter 2 - on poisoners Chapter 3 - on the corruption of virgins Chapter 4 - on the love of money Chapter 5 - on voluntary and involuntary murders Chapter 6 - on suicides Chapter 7 - about the murders in the war and about those who kill robbers Chapter 8 - about women who kill the fetus conceived in the womb with poison. - Of involuntary murders and of babies sleeping by their parents Chapter 9 - of what amulets should not do Chapter 10 - of those sentenced to imprisonment Beginning of letter C Chapter 1 - how the election of ordained (in) bishops takes place and about the contradiction that occurs with them Chapter 2 - that the election of ordained should not be made either by secular rulers or by the people Chapter 3 - about the period during which bishops must be ordained Chapter 4 - what should be the ordained bishops and what they should know first of all Chapter 5 - how many bishops ordain bishops and other clerics Chapter 6 - that he who has to be ordained a bishop must first be separated from his wife Chapter 7 - About the Age of Ordained Chapter 8- that a dying bishop should not appoint another in his place Chapter 9 - that one should not first appoint someone to be a bishop, or a presbyter, or a deacon, unless he makes everyone in his house Christians Chapter 10 -i - that one should not suddenly ordain a layman or a newly enlightened bishop, and for what reasons a cleric is deprived of the priesthood Chapter 11 - when a eunuch or otherwise damaged in the body is ordained a bishop or cleric Chapter 12 - about how that a bishop should not be ordained in a church whose bishop is still alive Chapter 13 - that a bishop should not be ordained in a small town or village Chapter 14- about the ordination of chorepiscops Chapter 15 - about a bishop who, after ordination, does not want to go to the church assigned to him Chapter 16 - about the fact that a bishop should not perform consecrations in dioceses that are not subordinate to him Chapter 17 - about how that a bishop is not allowed to ordain a clergyman of another diocese Chapter 18th - which of the bishops is given the right to receive foreign clerics and ordain in churches subordinate to them Chapter 19th - that one who is ordained to the clergy is one who comes from and not from a priestly family Chapter 20th - when slaves are ordained Chapter 21 - about the production of readers Chapter 22 - about the fact that clergy were not ordained out of the blue Chapter 23 - about what is ordained and the one who, being in a state of proclamation, before baptism sacrificed to idolatry Chapter 24 - about the fact that there should be no re-ordinations Chapter 25 - about who is guilty of sins and ordained Chapter 26th - about what should not ordain one who is enlightened by baptism in illness Chapter 27th - about those who take an oath not to accept ordination Chapter 28th - about those who are ordained for money. - About the fee and about what is given for ordination Chapter 29 - about widowed wives Chapter 30 - about those who mock at the sickly Chapter 31- about holy chrism and about which of the heretics who come to the Church are only chrismated Chapter 32 - about Christianity Chapter 33 - about chorepiscopes Beginning of the letter Y Chapter 1 - how to sing and pray Chapter 2 - about singers and reciters Chapter 3 - about the fact that heretical false martyrs should not depart Chapter 4 - how the election of those who accept ordination takes place The beginning of the letter W Chapter 1 - about who should wear an orarion
Book Synopsis Piety and Politics in Qajar Iran by : Nahid Massoumeh Assemi
Download or read book Piety and Politics in Qajar Iran written by Nahid Massoumeh Assemi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-21 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Takkiyya Mu'avin al-Mulk is a building complex in the city of Kermanshah in western Iran, dedicated to the annual commemoration of the martyrdom of Husayn ibn 'Ali at the Battle of Karbala in 680, an event of seminal significance to Shi'i Islam. Private takkiyyas built by social elites were a phenomenon of the Qajar period, with their construction motivated by a political quest for legitimacy. This book examines the intersection of art and architecture, popular piety, and the politics of legitimation. Through an examination of the building and its decorative programme, it addresses issues of patronage, Shi'i iconography and popular religious practices during the early 20th century in Iran. It further argues for the role of takkiyyas in creation of a sense of community and group identity; the formative stage of the emergent idea of nationhood at the time, amongst those who frequented them.
Book Synopsis Religion of Socrates by : Mark L. McPherran
Download or read book Religion of Socrates written by Mark L. McPherran and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study argues that to understand Socrates we must uncover and analyze his religious views, since his philosophical and religious views are part of one seamless whole. Mark McPherran provides a close analysis of the relevant Socratic texts, an analysis that yields a comprehensive and original account of Socrates' commitments to religion (e.g., the nature of the gods, the immortality of the soul). McPherran contends that Socrates saw his religious commitments as integral to his philosophical mission of moral examination and, in turn, used the rationally derived convictions underlying that mission to reshape the religious conventions of his time. As a result, Socrates made important contributions to the rational reformation of Greek religion, contributions that incited and informed the theology of his brilliant pupil, Plato.
Download or read book Atlantic Reporter written by and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supreme Court Judgement On Ayodhya Issue by : S. Padmavathi, D.G. Hari Prasath
Download or read book Supreme Court Judgement On Ayodhya Issue written by S. Padmavathi, D.G. Hari Prasath and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ayodhya tussle - For Hindus, Ram Janma Bhoomi is a “Place of Veneration” and for Muslims, Babri Masjid is a “Place of Ritual Prostration”. The Babri Masjid (Mosque of Babur), the Tughlaq-style mosque, was built in 1528 by General Mir Baqi on the orders of Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur, the founder and first emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent. The building is facile with Islamic architectural elements but devoid of minarets (Call Towers for prayers), etc. The Babri Masjid was neither a mausoleum nor a cenotaph. The placing of Ram Lalla Idol on December 22, 1949 inside the Babri Masjid Central Dome became the aggravating point of the title dispute. The blood-curdling Ram-Janma-Bhoomi–Babri-Masjid dispute is over a tiny area of 2.77 acres of land out of the 3.287 million square kilometre vast tract of India. Solutions from the erstwhile British rulers and Indian Prime Ministers found no results. At last, it was the reign of the 14th Prime Minister of India, Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi, that witnessed the lawful solution – amicable both for the Hindus and for the Muslims. Now, the golden era of peace and prosperity, brotherhood and tolerance has blossomed in the Indian soil. The “Basic Structure” (Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity) enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution has been reaffirmed by this landmark judgment. We can assert that this book takes you to the inroads of the cementing facts and figures of the Ayodhya Dispute unravelled by this unanimous historical judgment of the Supreme Court of India.
Download or read book Pious Property written by Bill Maurer and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owning a home has always been central to the American dream. For the more than one million Muslims in the United States, this is no exception. However, the Qur'an forbids the payment of interest, which places conventional home financing out of reach for observant Muslims. To meet the growing Muslim demand for home purchases, a market for home financing that would be halal, or permissible under Islamic law, has emerged. In Pious Property, anthropologist William Maurer profiles the emergence of this new religiously based financial service and explores the ways it reflects the influence of Muslim practices on American economic life and vice versa. Pious Property charts the development of Islamic mortgages in America, starting with Islamic interpretations of the prohibition against riba—literally translated as "increase" but interpreted as "usury" or "interest." Maurer then explores the different practices that have emerged as permissible options for Islamic homebuyers—such as lease-to-own arrangements, profit-loss sharing, and cost-plus contracts—and explains how they have gained acceptance in the Islamic community by relying on payment schemes that avoid standard interest rate payments. Using interviews with Muslim homebuyers and financiers, and in-depth analysis of two companies that provide mortgage alternatives to Muslims, Maurer discovers an interesting paradox: progressive Muslims tend to use financial contracts that seemingly comply better with the prohibition against interest, while traditional Muslims seem more inclined to take on financing very similar to interest-based mortgages. Maurer finds that Muslims make their decisions about using Islamic mortgage alternatives based not only on the views of religious scholars, but also on their conceptions of how business is supposed to be conducted in America. While one form of Islamic financing is seemingly more congruent with the prohibition against riba, the other exhibits more of the qualities of American mortgages—anonymity and standardized forms. The appearance that an Islamic financing instrument is legal and professional leaves many Muslim homebuyers with the impression that it is halal, revealing the influence of American capitalism on Muslim Americans' understanding of their religious rules. The market for halal financial products exists at the intersection of American and Islamic culture and is emblematic of the way that, for centuries, America's newcomers have adapted to and changed the fabric of American life. In Pious Property, William Maurer explores this rapidly growing economic phenomenon with historical perspective and scholarly insight.
Book Synopsis Authority in Byzantine Provincial Society, 950-1100 by : Leonora Neville
Download or read book Authority in Byzantine Provincial Society, 950-1100 written by Leonora Neville and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-19 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The imperial government over the central provinces of the Byzantine Empire was sovereign and, at the same time, apathetic, dealing effectively with a narrow set of objectives, chiefly collecting revenue and maintaining imperial sovereignty. Outside of these spheres, action needed to be solicited from imperial officials, leaving vast opportunities for local people to act independently without legal stricture or fear of imperial involvement. In the absence of imperial intervention provincial households competed with each other for control over community decisions. The emperors exercised just enough strength at the right times to prevent the leaders of important households in the core provinces from becoming rulers themselves. Membership in a successful household, wealth, capacity for effective violence and access to the imperial court were key factors that allowed one to act with authority. This book examines in detail the mechanisms provincial households used to acquire and dispute authority.
Book Synopsis The Colonial History of the City of San Francisco by : John Whipple Dwinelle
Download or read book The Colonial History of the City of San Francisco written by John Whipple Dwinelle and published by . This book was released on 1866 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy by : Kathrin Koslicki
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy written by Kathrin Koslicki and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essences have been assigned important but controversial explanatory roles in philosophical, scientific, and social theorizing. Is it possible for the same organism to be first a caterpillar and then a butterfly? Is it impossible for a human being to transform into an insect like Gregor Samsa does in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis? Is it impossible for Lot’s wife to survive being turned into a pillar of salt? Traditionally, essences (or natures) have been thought to help answer such central questions about existence, identity, persistence, and modality. These questions are not only of great philosophical interest, they also are of great interest to society at large. This Handbook surveys the state of the art on essence. Core issues about essence are discussed in 33 chapters, all of them written exclusively for this volume by leading experts. They are organized into the following four major parts, each with its own introduction that provides a summary and comparison of the part’s chapters: History Essence and Essentialisms: Themes and Variations Applications Anti-Essentialist Challenges. The volume is accessible enough for students while also providing enough details to make it a valuable reference for researchers. While the notion of essence has been targeted for sustained criticisms since antiquity, recent work has renewed interest in the topic. This Handbook explains and synthesizes much of this current interest, placing essence within its historical context and drawing connections to many contemporary areas of philosophy as well as to scholarly work in other disciplines. With cross-references in each chapter and a comprehensive index, The Routledge Handbook of Essence in Philosophy is a useful resource and essential reading for anyone, whether in or out of academic philosophy, seeking clarification on one of philosophy’s most distinctive and notorious notions.
