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Physically Based Real Time Auralization Of Interactive Virtual Environments
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Book Synopsis Physically Based Real-Time Auralization of Interactive Virtual Environments by : Dirk Schröder
Download or read book Physically Based Real-Time Auralization of Interactive Virtual Environments written by Dirk Schröder and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogous to visualization, the auralization of virtual environments describes the simulation of sound propagation inside enclosures where methods of Geometrical Acoustics are mostly applied for a high-quality synthesis of aural stimuli that go along with a certain realistic behavior. In the course of this thesis, the design and implementation of the real-time room acoustics simulation software RAVEN will be described, which is a vital part of the implemented 3D sound-rendering system of RWTH Aachen University's immersive Virtual Reality system. RAVEN relies on present-day knowledge of room acoustical simulation techniques and enables a physically accurate auralization of sound propagation in complex environments including important wave effects such as sound scattering, airborne sound insulation between rooms and sound diffraction. Despite this realistic sound field rendering, not only spatially distributed and freely movable sound sources and receivers are supported at runtime but also modifications and manipulations of the environment itself. All major features are evaluated by investigating both the overall accuracy of the room acoustics simulation and the performance of implemented algorithms, and possibilities for further simulation optimizations are identified by assessing empirical studies of subjects operating in immersive environments
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the EAA Joint Symposium on Auralization and Ambisonics 2014 by : Weinzierl, Stefan
Download or read book Proceedings of the EAA Joint Symposium on Auralization and Ambisonics 2014 written by Weinzierl, Stefan and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2014 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In consideration of the remarkable intensity of research in the field of Virtual Acoustics, including different areas such as sound field analysis and synthesis, spatial audio technologies, and room acoustical modeling and auralization, it seemed about time to organize a second international symposium following the model of the first EAA Auralization Symposium initiated in 2009 by the acoustics group of the former Helsinki University of Technology (now Aalto University). Additionally, research communities which are focused on different approaches to sound field synthesis such as Ambisonics or Wave Field Synthesis have, in the meantime, moved closer together by using increasingly consistent theoretical frameworks. Finally, the quality of virtual acoustic environments is often considered as a result of all processing stages mentioned above, increasing the need for discussions on consistent strategies for evaluation. Thus, it seemed appropriate to integrate two of the most relevant communities, i.e. to combine the 2nd International Auralization Symposium with the 5th International Symposium on Ambisonics and Spherical Acoustics. The Symposia on Ambisonics, initiated in 2009 by the Institute of Electronic Music and Acoustics of the University of Music and Performing Arts in Graz, were traditionally dedicated to problems of spherical sound field analysis and re-synthesis, strategies for the exchange of ambisonics-encoded audio material, and – more than other conferences in this area – the artistic application of spatial audio systems. This publication contains the official conference proceedings. It includes 29 manuscripts which have passed a 3-stage peer-review with a board of about 70 international reviewers involved in the process. Each contribution has already been published individually with a unique DOI on the DepositOnce digital repository of TU Berlin. Some conference contributions have been recommended for resubmission to Acta Acustica united with Acustica, to possibly appear in a Special Issue on Virtual Acoustics in late 2014. These are not published in this collection.
Book Synopsis Noise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment by : Jian Kang
Download or read book Noise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment written by Jian Kang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Noise and Vibration Control in the Built Environment" that was published in Applied Sciences
Book Synopsis Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments by : Michele Geronazzo
Download or read book Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments written by Michele Geronazzo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-13 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book tackles the design of 3D spatial interactions in an audio-centered and audio-first perspective, providing the fundamental notions related to the creation and evaluation of immersive sonic experiences. The key elements that enhance the sensation of place in a virtual environment (VE) are: Immersive audio: the computational aspects of the acoustical-space properties of Virutal Reality (VR) technologies Sonic interaction: the human-computer interplay through auditory feedback in VE VR systems: naturally support multimodal integration, impacting different application domains Sonic Interactions in Virtual Environments will feature state-of-the-art research on real-time auralization, sonic interaction design in VR, quality of the experience in multimodal scenarios, and applications. Contributors and editors include interdisciplinary experts from the fields of computer science, engineering, acoustics, psychology, design, humanities, and beyond. Their mission is to shape an emerging new field of study at the intersection of sonic interaction design and immersive media, embracing an archipelago of existing research spread in different audio communities and to increase among the VR communities, researchers, and practitioners, the awareness of the importance of sonic elements when designing immersive environments.
Download or read book Auralization written by Michael Vorländer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-28 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auralization is the technique of creation and reproduction of sound on the basis of computer data. With this tool it is possible to predict the character of sound signals which are generated at the source and modified by reinforcement, propagation and transmission in systems such as rooms, buildings, vehicles or other technical devices. This book is organized as a comprehensive collection of the basics of sound and vibration, acoustic modelling, simulation, signal processing and audio reproduction. With some mathematical prerequisites, the readers will be able to follow the main strategy of auralization easily and work out their own implementations of auralization in various fields of application in architectural acoustics, acoustic engineering, sound design and virtual reality. For readers interested in basic research, the technique of auralization may be useful to create sound stimuli for specific investigations in linguistic, medical, neurological and psychological research, and in the field of human-machine interaction.
Book Synopsis Partitioned convolution algorithms for real-time auralization by : Frank Wefers
Download or read book Partitioned convolution algorithms for real-time auralization written by Frank Wefers and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work discusses methods for efficient audio processing with finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Such filters are widely used for high-quality acoustic signal processing, e.g. for headphone or loudspeaker equalization, in binaural synthesis, in spatial sound reproduction techniques and for the auralization of reverberant environments. This work focuses on real-time applications, where the audio processing is subject to minimal delays (latencies). Different fast convolution concepts (transform-based, interpolation-based and number-theoretic), which are used to implement FIR filters efficiently, are examined regarding their applicability in real-time. These fast, elementary techniques can be further improved by the concept of partitioned convolution. This work introduces a classification and a general framework for partitioned convolution algorithms and analyzes the algorithmic classes which are relevant for real-time filtering: Elementary concepts which do not partition the filter impulse response (e.g. regular Overlap-Add and Overlap-Save convolution) and advanced techniques, which partition filters uniformly and non-uniformly. The algorithms are thereby regarded in their analytic complexity, their performance on target hardware, the optimal choice of parameters, assemblies of multiple filters, multi-channel processing and the exchange of filter impulse responses without audible artifacts. Suitable convolution techniques are identified for different types of audio applications, ranging from resource-aware auralizations on mobile devices to extensive room acoustics audio rendering using dedicated multi-processor systems.
Book Synopsis Combined Wave and Ray Based Room Acoustic Simulations of Small Rooms by : Marc Aretz
Download or read book Combined Wave and Ray Based Room Acoustic Simulations of Small Rooms written by Marc Aretz and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2012 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present thesis establishes a complete framework for the combination of finite element and classical ray based acoustic simulations in small rooms and discusses the inherent challenges and limitations including all aspects of sound generation, sound reflection and sound reception. In this context, the thesis gives detailed guidelines for the best-possible determination of all necessary input data for both simulation domains. The overall potential of the presented combined approach is assessed by conducting extensive objective and subjective comparisons of measurement and simulation results for three types of acoustically relevant small spaces (a scale-model reverberation room, a recording studio and two different car passenger compartments).
Book Synopsis Perceptual Aspects Of Sound Scattering In Concert Halls by : Renzo Vitale
Download or read book Perceptual Aspects Of Sound Scattering In Concert Halls written by Renzo Vitale and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work aims to expand the understanding of sound scattering in architectural spaces as well as the comprehension of its influence on the auditory perception in concert halls. The notion of scattering coefficient, which numerically represents the physical phenomenon of sound scattering, constitutes the main paradigm for the entire work. In a first part, the scattering coefficient is introduced in its meaning and implications. New empirical data of scattering objects have been determined and a revised scale model of a reverberation chamber for avoiding measurement accuracies is presented. A case study of classroom acoustics proves the benefit of experimental data on the accuracy of acoustic computer simulations. Furthermore, the implementation of scattering coefficient in different room acoustic computer software is shown by using a concert hall as a case study. In a second part, the relationship between scattering coefficient and auditory perception is explored. Binaural impulse responses have been determined for different scenarios, such as two virtual enclosed spaces and one real concert hall, and convolved with music samples to be used in listening tests. Results from listening tests show how changes in scattering coefficient of diffusing surfaces affect the perception of music among the audience in concert halls.
Book Synopsis Acoustics in the Built Environment: a Challenge for Improving the Quality of Life by : Arianna Astolfi
Download or read book Acoustics in the Built Environment: a Challenge for Improving the Quality of Life written by Arianna Astolfi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation by : Jan L.M. Hensen
Download or read book Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation written by Jan L.M. Hensen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When used appropriately, building performance simulation has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of the built environment, to improve indoor quality and productivity, as well as to facilitate future innovation and technological progress in construction. Since publication of the first edition of Building Performance Simulation for Design and Operation, the discussion has shifted from a focus on software features to a new agenda, which centres on the effectiveness of building performance simulation in building life cycle processes. This new edition provides a unique and comprehensive overview of building performance simulation for the complete building life cycle from conception to demolition, and from a single building to district level. It contains new chapters on building information modelling, occupant behaviour modelling, urban physics modelling, urban building energy modelling and renewable energy systems modelling. This new edition keeps the same chapter structure throughout including learning objectives, chapter summaries and assignments. Moreover, the book: • Provides unique insights into the techniques of building performance modelling and simulation and their application to performance-based design and operation of buildings and the systems which service them. • Provides readers with the essential concepts of computational support of performance-based design and operation. • Provides examples of how to use building simulation techniques for practical design, management and operation, their limitations and future direction. It is primarily intended for building and systems designers and operators, and postgraduate architectural, environmental or mechanical engineering students.
Book Synopsis Anthropometric Individualization of Head-Related Transfer Functions Analysis and Modeling by : Ramona Bomhardt
Download or read book Anthropometric Individualization of Head-Related Transfer Functions Analysis and Modeling written by Ramona Bomhardt and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human sound localization helps to pay attention to spatially separated speakers using interaural level and time differences as well as angle-dependent monaural spectral cues. In a monophonic teleconference, for instance, it is much more difficult to distinguish between different speakers due to missing binaural cues. Spatial positioning of the speakers by means of binaural reproduction methods using head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) enhances speech comprehension. These HRTFs are influenced by the torso, head and ear geometry as they describe the propagation path of the sound from a source to the ear canal entrance. Through this geometry-dependency, the HRTF is directional and subject-dependent. To enable a sufficient reproduction, individual HRTFs should be used. However, it is tremendously difficult to measure these HRTFs. For this reason this thesis proposes approaches to adapt the HRTFs applying individual anthropometric dimensions of a user. Since localization at low frequencies is mainly influenced by the interaural time difference, two models to adapt this difference are developed and compared with existing models. Furthermore, two approaches to adapt the spectral cues at higher frequencies are studied, improved and compared. Although the localization performance with individualized HRTFs is slightly worse than with individual HRTFs, it is nevertheless still better than with non-individual HRTFs, taking into account the measurement effort.
Book Synopsis Classical Antiquity in Video Games by : Christian Rollinger
Download or read book Classical Antiquity in Video Games written by Christian Rollinger and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From gaming consoles to smartphones, video games are everywhere today, including those set in historical times and particularly in the ancient world. This volume explores the varied depictions of the ancient world in video games and demonstrates the potential challenges of games for scholars as well as the applications of game engines for educational and academic purposes. With successful series such as “Assassin's Creed” or "Civilization” selling millions of copies, video games rival even television and cinema in their role in shaping younger audiences' perceptions of the past. Yet classical scholarship, though embracing other popular media as areas of research, has so far largely ignored video games as a vehicle of classical reception. This collection of essays fills this gap with a dedicated study of receptions, remediations and representations of Classical Antiquity across all electronic gaming platforms and genres. It presents cutting-edge research in classics and classical receptions, game studies and archaeogaming, adopting different perspectives and combining papers from scholars, gamers, game developers and historical consultants. In doing so, it delivers the first state-of-the-art account of both the wide array of 'ancient' video games, as well as the challenges and rewards of this new and exciting field.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Radiation of Modern Sound Reinforcement Systems in High Resolution by : Stefan Feistel
Download or read book Modeling the Radiation of Modern Sound Reinforcement Systems in High Resolution written by Stefan Feistel and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2014 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting from physical theory, this work develops a novel framework for the acoustic simulation of sound radiation by loudspeakers and sound reinforcement systems. First, a theoretical foundation is derived for the accurate description of simple and multi-way loudspeakers using an advanced point-source ''CDPS'' model that incorporates phase data. The model's practical implementation is presented including measurement requirements and the GLL loudspeaker data format specification. In the second part, larger systems are analyzed such as line arrays where the receiver may be located in the near field of the source. It is shown that any extended line source can be modeled accurately after decomposition into smaller CDPS elements. The influence of production variation among elements of an array is investigated and shown to be small. The last part of this work deals with the consequences of fluctuating environmental conditions such as wind and temperature on the coherence of sound signals from multiple sources. A new theoretical model is developed that allows predicting the smooth transition from amplitude to power summation as a function of the statistical properties of the environmental parameters. A part of this work was distinguished with the AES Publications Award 2010. Parts of the proposed data format have been incorporated into the international AES56 standard.
Book Synopsis The Technology of Binaural Understanding by : Jens Blauert
Download or read book The Technology of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-12 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.
Book Synopsis Acoustic Field Analysis in Small Microphone Arrays by : Roman Scharrer
Download or read book Acoustic Field Analysis in Small Microphone Arrays written by Roman Scharrer and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the possibilities of an acoustic field analysis in small microphone arrays are investigated. With the increased use of mobile communication devices, such as smartphones and hearing aids, and the increase in the number of microphones in such devices, multi-channel signal processing has gained popularity. Apart from the definite signal processing, this thesis evaluates what information on the acoustic sound field and environment can be gained from the signal of such small microphone arrays. For this purpose, an innovative sound field classification was developed that determines the energies of the single sound field components. The method is based on spatial coherences of two or more acoustical. The method was successfully verified with a set of simulated and measured input signals. An adaptive automatic sensor mismatch compensation was created, which proved able to fully compensate any slow sensor drift after an initial training. Further, a new method for the blind estimation of the reverberation time based on the dependency of the coherence estimate on the evaluation parameters was proposed. The method determines the reverberation time of a room from the spatial coherence between two or more acoustic sensors.
Book Synopsis Structure-borne Sound Sources in Buildings by : Matthias Lievens
Download or read book Structure-borne Sound Sources in Buildings written by Matthias Lievens and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2013 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure-borne sound sources are vibrational sources connected in some way to the building structure. The mechanical excitation of the building structure leads to sound radiation. This is an important source of annoyance in modern light-weight buildings. The prediction of the sound pressure level from structure-borne sound sources is highly complicated because of the complexity involved in the coupling between source and receiver structure. The current standard on characterisation of service equipment in buildings EN 12354-5, can deal with sources on heavy structures (high-mobility source) but to date, there is no engineering method available for the case of coupling between source and receiver. A case study of a washing machine on a wooden joist floor is investigated in this thesis. In the first part, measurements in the coupled state are conducted. It is shown that the normal components are sufficient to predict the sound pressure level. However, this only applies to the coupled state. In the second part, a true prediction is calculated from independently measured source and receiver quantities. The difference between predicted and directly measured sound pressure level leads to considerable errors of up to 20 dB at low frequencies. This shows that the normal components are not sufficient to predict the coupling between a washing machine and a wooden floor.
Book Synopsis Individualized Binaural Technology by : Bruno Sanches Masiero
Download or read book Individualized Binaural Technology written by Bruno Sanches Masiero and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2012 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work the importance of individualization in binaural technique is investigated. The results extend the present knowledge on the efficient measurement of individual head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) and highlight the importance of individual equalization filters in binaural reproduction, using both loudspeakers and headphones. Moreover, an integrated framework for the calculation of such equalization filters is presented. An innovative measurement setup was developed to allow the fast acquisition of individual HRTFs. The hardware was designed to be compatible with the range extrapolation technique. An individual HRTF dataset with 4000 directions can be measured in less than 6 minutes with this new setup. A framework was presented that integrates causality constraints to the regularized frequency domain calculation of crosstalk cancellation (CTC) filter. This framework also addresses the switching of active loudspeakers applying a weighted filter calculation method. A sound localization test showed that individualized CTC systems provide performance similar to that of binaural listening while nonindividualized CTC systems provide a significantly lower localization performance. Finally, a robust individual headphone equalization method was proposed. Perceptual tests showed that, in all but one of the tested situations, no audible differences between the original sound source and its binaural auditory display could be perceived.
