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Photosynthetic Rate And Dynamic Environment
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Book Synopsis Photosynthetic Rate and Dynamic Environment by : Kazutoshi Yabuki
Download or read book Photosynthetic Rate and Dynamic Environment written by Kazutoshi Yabuki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The association between plants and wind that first comes to mind might be plant damage from a strong wind such as a typhoon or monsoon. The winds this book will 1 discuss, however, are not this strong at all, but rather are only 2 m·s· or weaker, like a breeze that gently blows over a farming area. Such a breeze, in fact, instills vitality into plants and increases their growth rates. This book is an attempt to explain these beneficial effects on plants from a field perspective. One fundamental process necessary for plant growth is photosynthesis. Since it is a photochemical reaction, this synthesis has been studied with emphasis on light. Yet to shed light on dry-matter or carbohydrate production by plants, it is indispensable to pursue research not only into the mechanism of photosynthesis but also into photosynthetic production itself. I have observed various phenomena occurring in the production field, and have thereby realized it necessary to recognize photosynthesis as a phenomenon that carbon dioxide (C0 ) in the air diffuses into chloroplasts in the leaves, and to study 2 which environmental factors promote C0 diffusion into the leaves. 2 In this book, I am going to describe the effects of the natural environment on photosynthetic production, placing focus on the leaf boundary layer as an environmental factor for plant production.
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments by : J. P. Cooper
Download or read book Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments written by J. P. Cooper and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1975-09-25 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a unique comparative treatment of annual and seasonal photosynthetic production in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Book Synopsis Jasmonate Signaling by : Alain Goossens
Download or read book Jasmonate Signaling written by Alain Goossens and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well established that jasmonates, originally identified as the major component of jasmine scent, play a universal role in the plant kingdom and are involved in the regulation of diverse aspects of plant biology, including growth, development, metabolism, and interaction with the environment. In Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field aim to unite powerful emerging omics platforms with a number of key reductionist approaches to form a comprehensive collection of tools and protocols. The detailed chapters in this book embrace physiological, environmental, molecular, omics, and bioinformatics approaches that allow dissecting jasmonate actions in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana or in other plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters feature introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, along with tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Jasmonate Signaling: Methods and Protocols will empower interested researchers to dissect all steps of jasmonate signaling and the processes they modulate.
Book Synopsis Chlorophyll a Fluorescence by : G.C. Papageorgiou
Download or read book Chlorophyll a Fluorescence written by G.C. Papageorgiou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-12 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Signature of Photosynthesis highlights chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence as a convenient, non-invasive, highly sensitive, rapid and quantitative probe of oxygenic photosynthesis. Thirty-one chapters, authored by 58 international experts, provide a solid foundation of the basic theory, as well as of the application of the rich information contained in the Chl a fluorescence signal as it relates to photosynthesis and plant productivity. Although the primary photochemical reactions of photosynthesis are highly efficient, a small fraction of absorbed photons escapes as Chl fluorescence, and this fraction varies with metabolic state, providing a basis for monitoring quantitatively various processes of photosynthesis. The book explains the mechanisms with which plants defend themselves against environmental stresses (excessive light, extreme temperatures, drought, hyper-osmolarity, heavy metals and UV). It also includes discussion on fluorescence imaging of leaves and cells and the remote sensing of Chl fluorescence from terrestrial, airborne, and satellite bases. The book is intended for use by graduate students, beginning researchers and advanced undergraduates in the areas of integrative plant biology, cellular and molecular biology, plant biology, biochemistry, biophysics, plant physiology, global ecology and agriculture.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Leaf Photosynthesis by : Agu Laisk
Download or read book Dynamics of Leaf Photosynthesis written by Agu Laisk and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 1998 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details a novel approach to dynamic, as opposed to steady-state, analysis of leaf photosynthesis.
Download or read book Crop Photosynthesis written by N.R. Baker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since photosynthetic performance is a fundamental determinant of yield in the vast majority of crops, an understanding of the factors limiting photosynthetic productivity has a crucial role to play in crop improvement programmes. Photosynthesis, unlike the majority of physiological processes in plants, has been the subject of extensive studies at the molecular level for many years. This reductionist approach has resulted in the development of an impressive and detailed understanding of the mechanisms of light capture, energy transduction and carbohydrate biosynthesis, processes that are clearly central to the success of the plant and the productivity of crops. This volume examines in the widest context the factors determining the photosynthetic performance of crops. The emphasis throughout the book is on the setting for photosynthesis rather than the fundamental process itself. The book will prove useful to a wide range of plant scientists, and will encourage a more rapid integration of disciplines in the quest to understand and improve the productivity of crops by the procedures of classical breeding and genetic manipulation.
Book Synopsis Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment by : Jaume Flexas
Download or read book Terrestrial Photosynthesis in a Changing Environment written by Jaume Flexas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated guide to photosynthesis in an environmentally dynamic context, covering all aspects from basic concepts to methodologies.
Book Synopsis Plasticity and Ontogeny in Dynamic Environments by : Andrea C Westerband
Download or read book Plasticity and Ontogeny in Dynamic Environments written by Andrea C Westerband and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For understory plants in tropical forests, light strongly influences rates of growth, survival, and reproduction, i.e., vital rates. To better understand how light availability influences the vital rates of two co-occurring understory herbs, Calathea crotalifera and Heliconia tortuosa, I monitored their growth, survival, and reproduction in forest plots. Plant size influenced the effect of light on vital rates, and increasing light did not always increase vital rates. Both species grew at small sizes but shrank at larger sizes, and larger individuals were more sensitive to changes in light than small individuals. I also found evidence of tradeoffs among vital rates, which were influenced by the interaction between plant size and light. These results support the hypothesis that life stage (ontogeny) influences the ability to capture and utilize light, and reveal that high light may negatively influence the demographic performance of plants that are adapted to deep shade. To better understand how the ability to capture and utilize light influences growth, I estimated photosynthetic light responses for individuals in the forest plots and used model averaging to determine the importance of size, light, and photosynthetic responses for estimating future size. I found minor differences between the species in their photosynthetic traits, but found significant differences in the importance of size, light, and physiology on growth. Calathea that diminished in size had one of two combinations of photosynthetic efficiency and respiratory costs, either higher respiratory costs coupled with lower photosynthetic efficiency, or, higher efficiency coupled with maximum photosynthetic capacity compared to individuals that increased in size. Heliconia that diminished in size also had different combinations, lower respiratory costs coupled with photosynthetic capacity or lower efficiency, coupled with lower respiration, and lower photosynthetic capacity than individuals that increased in size. These results do not support the hypothesis that that shade tolerant species should have high efficiency but low respiration and low photosynthetic capacity and therefore they indicate differences in mechanisms and degrees of shade tolerance among species. I used a shadehouse experiment to determine whether demographic traits and functional traits were positively influenced by variability in light, light availability during the seedling stage, and soil moisture. I measured growth, survival, leaf lifespan, photosynthetic capacity, and biomass allocation of Heliconia and Calathea over two years. Plants in a variable light environment had greater growth than those in a constant light environment when moisture was low. At low moisture, a variable light environment increased growth when individuals started in low light and had no influence on growth when individuals started in high light. At high moisture, a constant light environment increased growth whether individuals started in low or high light. Survival decreased with increasing environmental variability but more so at high moisture. Photosynthetic capacity decreased for individuals in a variable light environment, when they had lived in high light as seedlings, but was unaffected by environmental variability when they had lived in low light as seedlings. Calathea had a significantly greater proportion of its total biomass aboveground than Heliconia. Leaf lifespan was unaffected by the treatments. Thus, although these species inhabit highly heterogeneous and variable light environments, these results do not support the hypothesis that environmental variability positively influences demographic and functional traits. Instead they reveal that environmental variability may be stressful even for plants found in intrinsically heterogeneous environments. They may have low plasticity, i.e., a low capacity to acclimate. To determine the effects of static and dynamic light environments on population growth rates, I used Integral Projection Models. Growth was modeled as a function of plant size, maximum photosynthetic capacity (Amax), and light, and all other vital rates were modeled as functions of plant size and light. I estimated the population growth rates for both species over a range of light levels and Amax values. Finally, I evaluated three types of elasticity (proportional sensitivity) of the population growth rate for three levels of Amax: perturbations in the mean and variance of vital rates (ES), increased variance of vital rates (ES[sigma]), environment-specific perturbations of vital rates (ES[beta]). The latter are especially of interest as it addresses the relative impact on overall fitness of events that occur in different light environments, in other words the potential strength of selection of events that occur in high light vs shady environments. Adaptation to shady environments means a higher impact of events that occur in the shade on fitness whereas adaptation to high light environments means a higher impact of events that occur in high light on fitness. As light availability increased, the population growth rate ([lambda]) increased for Calathea but shrank for Heliconia, and increasing Amax had no effect on [lambda] for Calathea but increased [lambda] for Heliconia in low light. As Amax increased, the population growth rate in a dynamic light environment ([lambda]S) increased for Heliconia, but not Calathea. These results suggest that Calathea is more strongly adapted to shade than Heliconia and indicates that increasing the ability to use light has a direct positive influence on population growth, and therefore fitness. Photosynthetic capacity (Amax ) had an impact on how sensitive the population growth rate was to changes in life history rates for Heliconia, but not Calathea. Calathea [lambda]S was most sensitive to perturbations in intermediate-sized individuals under high light, and changing Amax had little effect on this relationship. When light availability was low, elasticities were more widely distributed among the size classes, but [lambda]S was much more sensitive to seeds and seedlings. In contrast, Heliconia [lambda]S was sensitive to intermediate- and large-sized individuals when light availability was low, and became much more sensitive to seeds and seedlings as light availability increased. Changing Amax had much more of an effect on elasticity of Heliconia when light was abundant than when light was scarce. These results demonstrate that photosynthetic physiology can have large consequences for the population dynamics of plants in both static and dynamic light environments, and that the effect of light on population dynamics is influenced by photosynthetic rates. In conclusion, I found that increasing light and increasing the capacity to use light does not always improve demographic performance for plants adapted to living in the shade. Plant size interacts with light availability to influence rates of growth, survival, and reproduction. Growth is in turn influenced by different combinations of physiological responses for my study species. I found that the effect of light variability is influenced by soil moisture and early life conditions. Finally, population growth rates, an indicator of fitness, are significantly influenced by photosynthetic capacity for one species but not the other, and reflect differences in the ability to use light. The broader impact of this study is that physiological responses can be used to predict the fates of species in temporally variable environments.
Book Synopsis Algal Photosynthesis by : Richard Geider
Download or read book Algal Photosynthesis written by Richard Geider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The algae are a diverse group of organisms with forms that range in size from less than a micron in diameter to over ten meters in length. Small {laquo} 1 JLm diam) unicellular forms dominate the open waters of the oceans and large lakes. Large multicellular forms often form a large component of the autotrophic biomass of shallow waters at the periphery of lakes and oceans but have also been found on seamounts in clear open ocean waters at depths up to several hundred meters (Littler and Littler, 1985). Phytoplankton in the sea probably account for more than 50% of global photosynthesis, although there is considerable uncertainty about this estimate. In addition, many symbiotic associations between unicellu lar algae and heterotrophic or autotrophic organisms have been identi fied, and algae can be found in a diverse range of terrestrial environ ments, ranging from polar to desert regions. The most important common biochemical attribute that unites the algae is their ability to split water, producing molecular oxygen during photosynthesis and concomi tantly assimilating carbon dioxide. This attribute is shared with the terres trial plants, cyanobacteria and chloroxybacteria. Although vascular plants are excluded from this review, we employ a broad definition of algae that includes the photosynthetic, oxygenic procaryotes. Measurements of gas exchange are fundamental to most biochemical, physiological and ecological investigations of the algae.
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change by : Katie M. Becklin
Download or read book Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Climate Change written by Katie M. Becklin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and global climate conditions have altered photosynthesis and plant respiration across both geologic and contemporary time scales. Understanding climate change effects on plant carbon dynamics is critical for predicting plant responses to future growing conditions. Furthermore, demand for biofuel, fibre and food production is rapidly increasing with the ever-expanding global human population, and our ability to meet these demands is exacerbated by climate change. This volume integrates physiological, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. We explore this topic in the context of modeling plant responses to climate, including physiological mechanisms that constrain carbon assimilation and the potential for plants to acclimate to rising carbon dioxide concentration, warming temperatures and drought. Additional chapters contrast climate change responses in natural and agricultural ecosystems, where differences in climate sensitivity between different photosynthetic pathways can influence community and ecosystem processes. Evolutionary studies over past and current time scales provide further insight into evolutionary changes in photosynthetic traits, the emergence of novel plant strategies, and the potential for rapid evolutionary responses to future climate conditions. Finally, we discuss novel approaches to engineering photosynthesis and photorespiration to improve plant productivity for the future. The overall goals for this volume are to highlight recent advances in photosynthesis and respiration research, and to identify key challenges to understanding and scaling plant physiological responses to climate change. The integrated perspectives and broad scope of research make this volume an excellent resource for both students and researchers in many areas of plant science, including plant physiology, ecology, evolution, climate change, and biotechnology. For this volume, 37 experts contributed chapters that span modeling, empirical, and applied research on photosynthesis and respiration responses to climate change. Authors represent the following seven countries: Australia (6); Canada (9), England (5), Germany (2), Spain (3), and the United States (12).
Book Synopsis Predicting Photosynthesis For Ecosystem Models by : John D. Hesketh
Download or read book Predicting Photosynthesis For Ecosystem Models written by John D. Hesketh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the photosynthesis for ecosystem models, in particular the strengths and limitations of four methods used for predicting photosynthesis. The methods usage depends upon the purpose of the prediction to be made, as well as improvements in associated techniques that seem to revolutionize the methodology. Therefore comparisons between methods are valuable justifying this state of the art review for all photosynthetic scientists.
Book Synopsis Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation by : H. W. Siegelman
Download or read book Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation written by H. W. Siegelman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The photosynthetic fixation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds is mediated by the enzyme ribulose 1,S-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase. The diversity of current research on this protein attests to its central role in biomass productivity, and suggests the importance of a timely and broadly based review. This Symposium was the first devoted exclusively to RuBP carboxylase and was attended by agronomists, plant physiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and crystallographers. Special efforts were made to involve young scientists in addition to established investigators. It is a pleasure to acknowledge financial support provided by the Department of Energy, the United States Department of Agricul ture, and the National Science Foundation, and the valued assistance of agency representatives, Drs. Joe Key, Robert Rabson, Elijah Romanoff, and Donald Senich. Thanks are due to Mrs. Margaret Dienes, without whose editorial skills this volume could not have been produced, and to Mrs. Helen Kondratuk as Symposium Coordinator. Finally, we wish to record our indebtedness to Dr. Alexander Hollaender for his tireless efforts in support of all aspects of this Symposium.
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis by : Juan Cristóbal García Cañedo
Download or read book Photosynthesis written by Juan Cristóbal García Cañedo and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation. It starts from the origins of the photosynthetic capacity of organisms with a summary of the evolution of photosynthesis. This is followed by a concise description of the photosynthetic process and a discussion of the role that light, nutrients, and cultivation play in the photosynthetic process using examples in each case. Finally, the book explains future improvements in the field by applying nanotechnology to improve photosynthetic productivity, explaining how crop productivity can be increased by engineering crop plants for tolerance against various environmental stresses and improving yield attributes, especially photosynthetic efficiency using nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment by : D.O. Hall
Download or read book Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment written by D.O. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the world's people depend research work should be carried out at the local and regional level by locally trained on plants for their livelihood since they grow them for food, fuel, timber, fodder and people. many other uses. A good understanding Following the success of our earlier book of the practical factors which govern the (Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photo synthesis; Pergamon Press, 1985), which productivity of plants through the process of photosynthesis is therefore of paramount was translated into four major languages, importance, especially in the light of cur the editors and contributors have exten rent concern about global climate change sively revised the content and widened the and the response of both crops and natural scope of the text,· so it now bears a title ecosystems. in line with current concern over global The origins of this book lie in a series of climate change. · In particular, we have training courses sponsored by the United added chapters on remote sensing, con Nations Environment Programme (Project trolled-environment studies, chlorophyll No. FP/6108-88-0l (2855); 'Environment fluorescence, metabolite partitioning and changes and the productivity of tropical the use of mass isotopes, all of which grasslands'), with additional support from techniques are increasing in their applica many international and national agencies. tion and importance to this subject area.
Book Synopsis Models of the Photosyntheic Dynamics of F̲r̲a̲g̲a̲r̲i̲a̲ V̲i̲r̲g̲i̲n̲i̲a̲n̲a̲ by : Louis J. Gross
Download or read book Models of the Photosyntheic Dynamics of F̲r̲a̲g̲a̲r̲i̲a̲ V̲i̲r̲g̲i̲n̲i̲a̲n̲a̲ written by Louis J. Gross and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Photosynthetic Response of Plants to Their Environment by : Sherwood B. Idso
Download or read book The Photosynthetic Response of Plants to Their Environment written by Sherwood B. Idso and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Leaf: A Platform for Performing Photosynthesis by : William W. Adams III
Download or read book The Leaf: A Platform for Performing Photosynthesis written by William W. Adams III and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaf is an organ optimized for capturing sunlight and safely using that energy through the process of photosynthesis to drive the productivity of the plant and, through the position of plants as primary producers, that of Earth’s biosphere. It is an exquisite organ composed of multiple tissues, each with unique functions, working synergistically to: (1) deliver water, nutrients, signals, and sometimes energy-rich carbon compounds throughout the leaf (xylem); (2) deliver energy-rich carbon molecules and signals within the leaf during its development and then from the leaf to the plant once the leaf has matured (phloem); (3) regulate exchange of gasses between the leaf and the atmosphere (epidermis and stomata); (4) modulate the radiation that penetrates into the leaf tissues (trichomes, the cuticle, and its underlying epidermis); (5) harvest the energy of visible sunlight to transform water and carbon dioxide into energy-rich sugars or sugar alcohols for export to the rest of the plant (palisade and spongy mesophyll); and (6) store sugars and/or starch during the day to feed the plant during the night and/or acids during the night to support light-driven photosynthesis during the day (palisade and spongy mesophyll). Various regulatory controls that have been shaped through the evolutionary history of each plant species result in an incredible diversity of leaf form across the plant kingdom. Genetic programming is also flexible in allowing acclimatory phenotypic adjustments that optimize leaf functioning in response to a particular set of environmental conditions and biotic influences experienced by the plant. Moreover, leaves and the primary processes carried out by the leaf respond to changes in their environment, and the status of the plant, through multiple regulatory networks over time scales ranging from seconds to seasons. This book brings together the findings from laboratories at the forefront of research into various aspects of leaf function, with particular emphasis on the relationship to photosynthesis.
