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Pests Of Cocoa
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Book Synopsis Pests of Cocoa by : Philip Frank Entwistle
Download or read book Pests of Cocoa written by Philip Frank Entwistle and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1972 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cocoa tree. The cocoa tree and its insect fauna. Control of cocoa insects. Pollination. Pests of cocoa in storage.
Book Synopsis Cocoa Pest and Disease Management in Southeast Asia and Australasia by : Peter J. Keane
Download or read book Cocoa Pest and Disease Management in Southeast Asia and Australasia written by Peter J. Keane and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1992 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pests of Cocoa by : Philip Frank Entwistle
Download or read book Pests of Cocoa written by Philip Frank Entwistle and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Some New and Undescribed Insect Pests Affecting Cocoa in West Africa by : W. M. Graham
Download or read book Some New and Undescribed Insect Pests Affecting Cocoa in West Africa written by W. M. Graham and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Infestation Control in the Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Industry by : Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance
Download or read book Infestation Control in the Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Industry written by Cocoa, Chocolate and Confectionery Alliance and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cacao Diseases written by Bryan A. Bailey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current state of knowledge concerning cacao pathogens and methods for their management. Topics discussed include the history, biology and genetic diversity of Moniliophthora species (which cause witches’ broom and frosty pod rot) and Phytophthora species (which cause black pod rot) that cause diseases resulting in major losses to cacao production. Emerging pathogens such as Cacao swollen shoot virus and Ceratobasidium theobromae (which causes vascular streak dieback) are also discussed in detail, along with many pathogens of significant local concern. Most of these pathogens represent major risks to global cacao production should they expand into new areas, breaking out of their current limited distributions. By considering cacao diseases as a group, similarities in the available tools and techniques used in their management become apparent, as do their limitations. Gaps in our current knowledge of cacao pathogens and the management of the diseases they cause are detailed, and suggestions for future research directions are provided. This insight allows readers to consider cacao disease threats from a more comprehensive, global perspective and paves the way for an improved synergy of efforts between the various research programs, agencies, and industries, both private and public, with vested interests in cacao production, and cacao farmers.
Book Synopsis Pest of Cocoa in Sabah and Their Control by : Gordon Conway
Download or read book Pest of Cocoa in Sabah and Their Control written by Gordon Conway and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cocoa Trees--integrated Pest and Disease Management by : Cocoa Producers' Alliance
Download or read book Cocoa Trees--integrated Pest and Disease Management written by Cocoa Producers' Alliance and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1010 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and their Control by : Dennis S. Hill
Download or read book Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and their Control written by Dennis S. Hill and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1987-10-22 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis LIMITING INSECT-RELATED COCOA DECLINE IN GHANA; INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL, COMPUTATIONAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS. by : Megan Wilkerson
Download or read book LIMITING INSECT-RELATED COCOA DECLINE IN GHANA; INTEGRATING BIOLOGICAL, COMPUTATIONAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ELEMENTS. written by Megan Wilkerson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana is the worlds second largest producer of cocoa beans. However, farmers are not able to maximize yield potential due to pests and plant diseases that destroy as much as 10- 80% of annual production. The arrival of devastating insect related diseases like black pod (Phytophthora megakarya) and cocoa swollen shoot (Badnavirus) means yield losses can approach 100%. Both diseases are influenced by ant communities. Cocoa ant species form mutualistic networks with honeydew producing mealybugs that supply the majority of their energy food source. In order to safeguard their food source, ants transport soil onto cocoa trees and build tent-like structures to shelter mealybugs. The virus-vector mealybugs are either transported around the cocoa tree by ants, which also protect the mealybugs as they feed. The water mold infects the tree after the ants have transported soils containing infectious spores to the developing pods. The ants do this to form soil tents over the colony of mealybugs feeding on the plant. The transport of disease agents means that ant attendance directly effects cocoa plant fitness. While the occurrence of tent building ant genera, Camponotous, Pheidole and Crematogaster, has a detrimental impact on yields, the presence of a different ant genus, Oecophylla, reduces pod damage by defending trees against pest prevalence. In order to control insect-related decline, farmers should be cognizant of insect dynamics and make decisions based on observations and availability of pest management resources. The ability to manage pests and aid the proliferating of beneficial species is contingent on the farmers ecological understanding of the cocoa ecosystem. 90% of farmers correctly implicated pests as responsible for causing holes, dark legions soil on cocoa pods. In addition to having awareness of major cocoa diseases and damage, 61% of farmers were correctly identified pests and beneficial insects. My approach includes testing the efficacy of pesticide alternatives, developing technologies to accurately detect pests and damage, and conduct sociological examinations to uncover the farmers ecological knowledge of cocoa insects. Recognizing the shortage of entomological experts to help farmers I also explored the application of machine learning to provide an AI assistant that could automatically identify pests of cocoa. Results from field interviews revealed that 66% of farmers make pest management decisions at the farm level and the majority are cognizant of major yield limiting constraints. Field experiments have shown that cocoa insect populations change overtime and between plantations. The farmers perception of cocoa insects directly impacts their management decisions, therefore it is imperative to equip farmers with management alternatives that are less toxic yet as effective as synthetic chemicals. High pressured soapy water has proven to be an effective pesticide replacement that does not require personal protective equipment and reduced the recolonization of virus transmitting mealybugs on 10 cocoa plantations. As a result of these efforts, I aspired to increase the agricultural knowledge and pest management artillery of low yielding cocoa farmers to encourage the adoption of sustainable alternatives to toxic chemicals inputs.
Book Synopsis From a Technology Focus to Innovation Development by : Emmanuel N. A. Dormon
Download or read book From a Technology Focus to Innovation Development written by Emmanuel N. A. Dormon and published by . This book was released on 2006* with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Incidence of Insect Pests in Stored Cocoa Beans and Their Control Using Methyl Bromide by : A. Sivapragasam
Download or read book Incidence of Insect Pests in Stored Cocoa Beans and Their Control Using Methyl Bromide written by A. Sivapragasam and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forest Microbiology by : Fred O. Asiegbu
Download or read book Forest Microbiology written by Fred O. Asiegbu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest Microbiology: Tree Diseases and Pests, Volume Three in the Forest Microbiology series, provides an overview of major disease agents of trees, including viruses, phytoplasma, bacteria, fungi, nematodes and major insect pests. With a strong emphasis on genetics, biochemistry, physiology, evolutionary biology and population dynamics of the organisms involved, this book provides a comprehensive understanding on the health of forests. Sections cover important pest threats such as bark beetles, emerald ash borer, coffee borers, leaf cutting ants, cocoa mirids, and more. This volume highlights a range of emerging diseases of forest trees in temperate and tropic regions as well as information on habitats. Forest trees play crucial roles not only for mitigating effects of the climate change but also for their considerable economic and ecological value. Forest trees are equally vital as an alternative bioenergy source and play important roles in pollution abatement and the maintenance of biodiversity. Timber and its associated products from forest trees contribute substantially to the revenue generation of many countries of the world. Includes case studies of complex diseases of economically important trees Highlights novel approaches to managing tree pests and diseases in a changing climate Focuses on the many functions of microbial disease agents of trees Addresses major insect pests of boreal, temperate and tropical trees
Download or read book Chocolate Crisis written by Dale Walters and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the threatened future of chocolate in our modern world, Dale Walters discusses the problems posed by plant diseases, pests, and climate change, looking at what these mean for the survival of the cacao tree.
Book Synopsis Nematode pests of cocoa by : Samuel Orisajo
Download or read book Nematode pests of cocoa written by Samuel Orisajo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) by : Alfred George Wheeler
Download or read book Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) written by Alfred George Wheeler and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant bugs--Miridae, the largest family of the Heteroptera, or true bugs--are globally important pests of crops such as alfalfa, apple, cocoa, cotton, sorghum, and tea. Some also are predators of crop pests and have been used successfully in biological control. Certain omnivorous plant bugs have been considered both harmful pests and beneficial natural enemies of pests on the same crop, depending on environmental conditions or the perspective of an observer.As high-yielding varieties that lack pest resistance are planted, mirids are likely to become even more important crop pests. They also threaten crops as insecticide resistance in the family increases, and as the spread of transgenic crops alters their populations. Predatory mirids are increasingly used as biocontrol agents, especially of greenhouse pests such as thrips and whiteflies. Mirids provide abundant opportunities for research on food webs, intraguild predation, and competition.Recent worldwide activity in mirid systematics and biology testifies to increasing interest in plant bugs. The first thorough review and synthesis of biological studies of mirids in more than 60 years, Biology of the Plant Bugs will serve as the basic reference for anyone studying these insects as pests, beneficial IPM predators, or as models for ecological research.
Book Synopsis Coffee Pests, Diseases and Their Management by : J. M. Waller
Download or read book Coffee Pests, Diseases and Their Management written by J. M. Waller and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Price collapse and oversupply have made coffee a high-profile crop in recent years: never has efficient production and crop protection been more important for reducing costs and increasing quality. Packed with illustrations, this book covers the origins, botany, agroecology and worldwide production statistics of coffee, and the insect pests, plant pathogens, nematodes and nutrient deficiencies that afflict it. With emphasis on integrated crop management, this book reviews control measures suitable for any coffee pest or disease and will enable agriculturists to design and implement sustainable pest management systems.
