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Permanent Establishments In Value Added Tax
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Book Synopsis Value Added Tax and Direct Taxation by : Michael Lang
Download or read book Value Added Tax and Direct Taxation written by Michael Lang and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2009 with total page 1341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences between consumption taxes and direct taxes. Fifty contributions are included, written by academics, practitioners and representatives from several international tax administrations and institutions.
Book Synopsis Permanent Establishments in Value Added Tax by : Karoline Spies
Download or read book Permanent Establishments in Value Added Tax written by Karoline Spies and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Fixed Is a Permanent Establishment? by : Jean Schaffner
Download or read book How Fixed Is a Permanent Establishment? written by Jean Schaffner and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Permanent establishment is the key concept for allocating taxation rights in respect of business income, and the question ‘Is there a permanent establishment?’ is a tax treaty issue that advisers, government officials, and courts perennially confront. Based on a ‘fixed link to the ground’, the idea has become progressively more difficult to apply until, at this stage, re-evaluation has become a political necessity. If a permanent establishment may exist in the context of e-commerce, the concept of a geographical presence must be redefined. However, the question remains: Is e-commerce a sufficient reason for challenging the well-established permanent establishment nexus? Drawing on case law, administrative practice, and business decisions in numerous jurisdictions, the author discusses the permanent establishment criteria under conditions of e-commerce and the service economy. He shows that the OECD Model Convention and its commentaries already offer the basis for the evolution of the analysis of the concept, and that the preservation of permanent establishment protects and maintains the level playing field between capital importing and capital exporting economies. He examines in depth such elements as the following: ;the prevalence of commercial coherence over geographic coherence; the role of value-added tax; services permanent establishment; relevant definitions of ‘activity’ and ‘personnel’; multiple permanent establishments; supervision activity and sub-contracting; the differences between civil law and common law concepts of representation; particular treatment of the insurance sector; the ‘force of attraction’ concept; and specific exceptions (e.g., transportation, artists and sportsmen, rental income, agricultural activities, pipelines). Taking into account important distinctions between two model conventions (OECD and UN), as well as pertinent EU directives and the impact of EU law, the author proposes minor amendments to the OECD Model that adapt it to economic reality and current trends in jurisprudence and that can be implemented immediately. An appendix includes Article 5 and its commentaries as they have evolved since 1963, with the successive addenda and deletions. The author’s 20-plus years of experience as a tax lawyer lend the presentation a thoroughly practical aspect. The work addresses in more detail than any other publication the topic of profit allocation to a permanent establishment in the e-commerce world, an issue which is evolving rapidly in the current economic environment. Tax advisors, lawyers, and interested academics and policymakers will benefit from the book’s clear analysis of the conditions under which a permanent establishment not only should be preserved, but also how it is likely to be adapted in the future.
Book Synopsis Permanent Establishment by : Arvid Aage Skaar
Download or read book Permanent Establishment written by Arvid Aage Skaar and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-06-19 with total page 957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new edition of the preeminent work on the permanent establishment (PE) is a major event in tax law scholarship. Taking into account changes in judicial and administrative practice as well as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) and the United Nation’s (UN’s) work in the three decades since the first edition, the present study brings the analysis up to date with the current internationally accepted interpretation of PE. The analysis is based on more than 720 cases from more than 20 countries, in addition to the OECD and UN model treaties and more than 630 books, articles, and official documents. The increased significance of the digital economy has rendered the traditional concept of PE inadequate for the allocation of taxing jurisdiction over the modern, mobile or digital international business. The author’s in-depth analysis explains the legal elements of the PE principle with attention to their continuing benefit and their shortcomings: criteria defining a PE- place of business, location, right of use, duration, business connection, business activity, ordinary course of business; evidence of a right of use to a place of business; business activities included in the PE concept of the tax treaties; identification of projects offshore and onshore; UN model treaty deviations from the OECD agency clause; distinction between jurisdictions with significant natural resources and countries possessing the capital, technology and know-how necessary to explore and exploit these resources; and how policies in each country may erode the PE concept. The book provides many synopses of court decisions and administrative rulings upon which the analysis is based. In addition to cases previously published in law reports and other publications, a number of unpublished decisions are included. A key word index makes it easy to find what is needed in any particular matter. The PE principle, in one version or another, is used in several thousand tax treaties in force today. This updated comprehensive study reveals the obligations imposed through the use of PE in tax treaties and will continue to be of immeasurable value to tax practitioners and scholars worldwide. In addition, the discussion of whether the notion of PE is an appropriate criterion for taxing jurisdiction in international fiscal law today provides authoritative and insightful food for thought.
Book Synopsis The Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments by : Raffaele Russo
Download or read book The Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments written by Raffaele Russo and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2005 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The attribution of profits to permanent establishments (PEs) is probably one of the most complex subjects of the international tax arena. The interaction of treaty rules and domestic legislations sometimes leads to unacceptable results such as double taxation or double non-taxation. This book compares the tax treatment of cross-border dealings between different parts of the same enterprise in several countries."--Extracted from publisher website on June 29, 2016
Book Synopsis Permanent Establishments in Indirect Taxation by : Rita de la Feria
Download or read book Permanent Establishments in Indirect Taxation written by Rita de la Feria and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Similarly to the significant of the concept of permanent establishment (PE) for the purpose of income taxes rules, the relevance of the concept of fixed establishment (FE) for the VAT rules can hardly be overestimated. The term plays a central role, and is consistently relied upon by the legislator, for both determining the place of supply of services in VAT, and to establish the right to VAT refund, where tax is incurred in a country other than that where the business is established. Yet, despite its significance, the term is far from clear, and in recent years the debate over its definition and scope, primarily in the context of new, globalised, economic realities, and the development of the digital economy, has intensified. The aim of this chapter is to shed light over the meaning and significance of the concept of FE for VAT purposes. It will focus first on the meaning and significance of the concept from the perspective of European VAT legislation and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). It will then discuss current challenges to the current law posed by new economic realities, discrepant application of the FE criterion at national level, and its links to the PE concept. It is argued that the case law of the CJEU highlights the challenges posed by both globalisation, and digitalisation of the world economy, and that whilst it provides short-term relief to these challenges, dealing with them on a longer term basis will require re-assessment of established jurisprudence. It considers some of the key decisions on FE by national courts, concluding that whilst a unified concept of secondary establishment for the purposes of income tax and VAT is desirable, at present equating PE to FE would likely give rise to double taxation within VAT.
Book Synopsis The Effect of a Value-added Tax on Small Business by : James M. Bickley
Download or read book The Effect of a Value-added Tax on Small Business written by James M. Bickley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments by : Michael Lang
Download or read book Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments written by Michael Lang and published by Linde Verlag GmbH. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments: Issues and Developments The profit attribution to permanent establishments is one of the most controversial topics in international tax law. In recent years it was subject to various changes based on the introduction of the “Authorized OECD Approach” in 2008 and 2010, the outcomes of Final Report on OECD BEPS Action 7 and the Final Report on “Additional Guidance on the Attribution of Profits to a Permanent Establishment under BEPS Action 7” from 2018 (with the previous Discussion-Drafts). This publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to the attribution of profits to permanent establishments. Starting with an in-depth analysis on the commonalities and differences between the profit attribution provisions in modern double tax treaties (ie Art 7 AOA vs Art 9 OECD/UN Models), it further deals with topics such as profit attribution to PEs and PE exemptions (Art 5 para 4), profit attribution to agency PEs (Art 5 para 5 and 6), and profit attribution to a "significant economic presence" and to market states. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium that took place in October 2019 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how certain issues can be approached in practice. Every chapter ends with a summary of the opinions on the issues at stake of representatives of tax administrations, multinationals and tax advisories, which completes this essential practical guideline.
Book Synopsis Fixed Establishments in European Value Added Tax : Base Erosion and Profit Shifting's Side Effects?. by : M.M.W.D. Merkx
Download or read book Fixed Establishments in European Value Added Tax : Base Erosion and Profit Shifting's Side Effects?. written by M.M.W.D. Merkx and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus in the OECD reports in the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project is on direct taxation. Still, the effects BEPS will have on indirect taxes should not be underestimated. In this article the author addresses the effects the BEPS reports and developments will have on the concept of fixed establishment (FE) for indirect taxes. She addresses the changes in the concept of permanent establishment (PE) and how these may affect the interpretation of the concept of FE for Value Added Tax (VAT) purposes. On top of that, she discusses whether or not the issues addressed in BEPS for PEs need to be examined in a similar manner for FEs in European VAT.
Book Synopsis Value Added Tax by : American Bar Association. Committee on Value Added Tax
Download or read book Value Added Tax written by American Bar Association. Committee on Value Added Tax and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report by the Committee on VAT of the American Bar Association.
Book Synopsis Switzerland in International Tax Law by : Xavier Oberson
Download or read book Switzerland in International Tax Law written by Xavier Oberson and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Switzerland has recently witnessed an unprecedented level of tax treaty negotiations. Although this is a direct result of Switzerland's revised position regarding exchange of information, a number of contracting states have taken this opportunity to modify tax treaty benefits and/or clarify certain aspects of tax treaty interpretation and application. These are considered extensively in this edition. As Switzerland has steadily aligned itself with international principles of international taxation, the self-imposed anti-abuse rules for the application of tax treaties have become less relevant. Nevertheless, Swiss courts have become more creative in determining where there is and where there is not treaty abuse. As a result, the 1962 Abuse Decree is making way for a more complex basket of anti-abuse rules and regulations"--Foreword (page vii).
Book Synopsis Establishments in European VAT by : Madeleine Merkx
Download or read book Establishments in European VAT written by Madeleine Merkx and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth legal analysis of how the massively changed circumstances of the two last decades affect the EU VAT Directive. In particular it examines the interpretation of its four specified types of establishment: place of establishment, fixed establishment, permanent address, and usual residence. The book explains a lot of topics, such as the concept of fair distribution of taxing powers in VAT; role of the neutrality principle; place of business for a legal entity or partnership, for a natural person, for a VAT group; beginning and ending of a fixed establishment; VAT audits and the prevention of fraud; the intervention rule and the reverse charge mechanism; right to deduct VAT for businesses with multiple establishments; and cross-border VAT grouping and fixed establishment. Also explained are exceptions that take precedence over the general rules.
Book Synopsis The Value-added Tax in the European Economic Community by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book The Value-added Tax in the European Economic Community written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years by : Robert F. van Brederode
Download or read book Virtues and Fallacies of VAT: An Evaluation after 50 Years written by Robert F. van Brederode and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-08-09 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Value-added tax (VAT) is a mainstay of revenue systems in more than 160 countries. Because consumption is a more stable revenue base than other tax bases, VAT is less distorting and hence more likely to encourage investment, savings, optimum labor supply decisions, and growth. VAT is not without criticism however, and faces its own specific technical and policy challenges. This book, the first to thoroughly evaluate VAT from a global policy perspective after over 50 years of experience with its intricacies, offers authoritative perspectives on VAT’s full spectrum—from its signal successes to the subtle ways its application can undermine revenue performance and economic neutrality. The contributors—leading tax practitioners and academics—examine the key policy issues and topics that are crucially relevant for measuring the success of the tax in the first part of the book, including: revenue generation and revenue efficiency; single rate versus multiple rates; susceptibility to fraud; exemptions and exceptions; compliance cost for businesses; policy and compliance gaps in revenue collection; adjustment rules caused by the transactional nature of the tax; transfer pricing issues; treatment of vouchers; permanent establishments and holding companies; payment of refunds; cross-border digital transactions; and supplies for free or below cost price. The second part offers six country reports—on New Zealand, Japan, China, Colombia, Ethiopia, and India—to demonstrate the different ways in which VAT operates in a variety of national economies. Whether a government is contemplating the imposition of a general consumption tax for the first time or new rules for applying an existing one, it is important for policymakers to keep central the aim to design a tax that realizes optimal efficiency and causes minimal distortions. This invaluable book serves as an expert guide to VAT policy development in this area. It will be welcomed not only by concerned government officials but also by tax professionals (both lawyers and accountants) and academics in tax law.
Book Synopsis The Meaning of "enterprise", "business" and "business Profits" Under Tax Treaties and EU Tax Law by : Guglielmo Maisto
Download or read book The Meaning of "enterprise", "business" and "business Profits" Under Tax Treaties and EU Tax Law written by Guglielmo Maisto and published by IBFD. This book was released on 2011 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Meaning of "Enterprise", "Business" and "Business Profits" under Tax Treaties and EU Tax Law, comprising the proceedings and working documents of an annual seminar held in Milan in November 2010, provides an in-depth analysis of the meaning of these three essential concepts in relevant tax treaties and law. The analysis starts from an EU tax law perspective, with a particular emphasis on the European Directives. The above concepts are then considered from domestic tax law viewpoints. The book then moves to tax treaty law. Most notably, an examination of the history and interpretation of the concepts of "enterprise", "business" and "business profits" is presented, starting from the works of the League of Nations to the current OECD Model Tax Convention. Next, specific tax treaty issues are considered. In particular, the controversial issues concerning the interpretation of the notions of "enterprise" and "enterprise of a Contracting State" are discussed. Also, the concepts of "profits" and "business profits" are thoroughly reviewed. The concept of "enterprise" in the context of the non-discrimination clause laid down by Art. 24 of the OECD Model Tax Convention is then examined. Individual country surveys provide an in-depth analysis of the aforementioned concepts and issues from a national viewpoint in selected European and North American jurisdictions, as well as in Australia and Japan. The book concludes with a round-table discussion among some of the most renowned international tax scholars on the desirability to change the OECD Model Tax Convention and its Commentaries. This book is essential reading for all those dealing with issues of taxation of enterprises engaged in cross-border activities and can be considered a new cornerstone in the subject matter."--Publisher's website
Book Synopsis International VAT/GST Guidelines by : OECD
Download or read book International VAT/GST Guidelines written by OECD and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper set forth internationally agreed principles and standards for the value added tax (VAT) treatment of the most common types of international transactions, with a particular focus on trade in services and intangibles. Its aim is to minimise inconsistencies in the application of VAT in a cross-border context with a view to reducing uncertainty and risks of double taxation and unintended non-taxation in international trade. It also includes the recommended principles and mechanisms to address the challenges for the collection of VAT on crossborder sales of digital products that had been identified in the context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base and Erosion and Profit Shifting (the BEPS Project).
Book Synopsis OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS by : OECD
Download or read book OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Interim Report 2018 Inclusive Framework on BEPS written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2018-03-16 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interim report of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS is a follow-up to the work delivered in 2015 under Action 1 of the BEPS Project on addressing the tax challenges of the digital economy.
