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Performance Of Lichen Species As Air Pollution Biomonitors In The Greater Auckland Urban Area New Zealand
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Book Synopsis Performance of Lichen Species as Air Pollution Biomonitors in the Greater Auckland Urban Area, New Zealand by : Indrapriya Kularatne
Download or read book Performance of Lichen Species as Air Pollution Biomonitors in the Greater Auckland Urban Area, New Zealand written by Indrapriya Kularatne and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biomonitoring of Elemental Atmospheric Deposition with the Lichen, Parmotrema Reticulatum, in the Greater Auckland Region of New Zealand by : Louis Kwame Boamponsem
Download or read book Biomonitoring of Elemental Atmospheric Deposition with the Lichen, Parmotrema Reticulatum, in the Greater Auckland Region of New Zealand written by Louis Kwame Boamponsem and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some lichen species can provide environmental archives of atmospheric deposition of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) that can be investigated as records of environmental change. In this way, lichens can be useful as biomonitors of air pollution. The data they provide can add to the spatial detail not always available from more sophisticated and expensive instrumental air pollution monitoring networks. The use of lichens for air quality assessment in New Zealand has not been widely explored, despite their widespread application around the world. Due to this lack of attention, there is no lichen species that has been formally validated for use locally as an air pollution biomonitor although some species have been identified as being potentially useful. The most promising of these is Parmotrema reticulatum. Notwithstanding the few biomonitoring studies on P. reticulatum, the general theoretical literature on the use of this lichen species as a biomonitor and specifically in the context of Auckland, New Zealand, is inconclusive on five vital questions within the biomonitoring discourse. First, what is the effect of the transplant process on the lichens performance as a biomonitor? Second, can the cell membrane integrity of P. reticulatum be used in detecting early signs of air pollution? Third, using particulate matter (PM10) levels recorded by instrumental air samplers, is it feasible to calibrate the quality of elemental data obtained from transplanted P. reticulatum? Fourth, to what extent can elemental composition of P. reticulatum provide a meaningful pollution source apportionment modeling? Fifth, is it possible to classify sampling sites into zones based on elemental content of P. reticulatum? The current study is set out to explore the performance of transplanted P. reticulatum as a biomonitor of elemental air pollutants in the Auckland urban area, by answering these key questions. The results of this study indicate that transplant process does not affect P. reticulatum element accumulation or loss, and that the increase in elemental concentrations at the sampling sites is due to their respective pollution status. The outcome of the study suggests that cell membrane integrity of P. reticulatum can aid in detecting early signs of elemental air pollution. Five elemental sources resolved by principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorisation (PMF) models explain 74.4% of the total variance contained in Auckland central business district lichen dataset. These sources represent elemental contributions from motor vehicles, port activities, biomass burning, marine aerosol and roadside dust or crustal matter. Motor vehicles are found to account for 11.8% of the overall elemental concentrations in the lichen data and primarily contribute to lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). The PCA and PMF results indicate that Auckland port activities are responsible for 39.8% of the overall elemental concentrations in the lichen data and mainly contribute to nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), thorium (Th), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), antimony (Sb), vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg). Biomass burning is found to be responsible for 10.2% of the overall elemental concentrations in the lichen data and significantly contribute to the total mass concentration of arsenic (As) and potassium (K). PCA and PMF results show that marine aerosol accounts for 6.9% of the overall elemental concentrations in the lichen data and sodium (Na) and K dominate elements from by this source. Emissions from roadside dust and crustal matter account for 5.6% of the overall elemental concentrations in the lichen data and significantly contribute to the concentrations of V, Cd, Mn, Ca, Cr, K, Mg, Th, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn and Co. Spatial similarities analysis among the sampling sites with pollution load index (PLI), cluster analysis (CA) and PCA demonstrate that elemental content in transplanted lichens may provide a useful tool for classifying sampling sites in the study area that could be used to design an optimal future spatial monitoring network. Evidence from this study suggests that not only can lichen data be used to show spatio-temporal variation of pollutants but also can be used to model pollution sources. This study confirms the ability of P. reticulatum to accumulate PHEs and identify changing air quality. It represents a new approach in elemental pollution source modeling.
Book Synopsis New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants by : Supriya Tiwari
Download or read book New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants written by Supriya Tiwari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants highlights and explores the importance of biomonitoring methodologies and the latest updates in the field. The book presents a holistic approach toward the different aspects of biomonitoring, focusing mainly upon the inclusion of newly emerging concepts of environmental genomics, metabarcoding, and cheminformatics and biomarkers, among other technologies; helping to explore and establish a new outlook for biomonitoring frameworks. This book compiles all aspects of biomonitoring including traditional and modern techniques, using a multidimensional approach without focusing on any specific pollutant. Most biomonitoring programs implemented until now have focused more on traditional methods. This book covers new approaches to biomonitoring that could improve on the currently limited capabilities of existing schemes. The book highlights the possible scope for enriching existing datasets and characterizing biodiversity in situ in a far more complete way than has been possible previously. New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants will be important for researchers, academics, postgraduates and undergraduate students in environmental, plant, crop and soil sciences, to provide up-to-date and emerging technologies in biomonitoring for environmental assessment, leading to a new vision of biomonitoring. It will also be helpful for risk assessment professionals and stakeholders involved in planning the future biomonitoring programs. Forms a cohesive source of information for technologies of use in environmental monitoring. Discusses newly emerging techniques in biomonitoring, including cutting-edge advances in ecology and genomics. Covers current biomonitoring concepts and programs, and also includes a holistic approach for biomonitoring.
Book Synopsis Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment by : Vertika Shukla
Download or read book Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment written by Vertika Shukla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book embodies the detailed account about unique symbionts i.e. LICHENS in ecosystem monitoring. The first chapter deals with unique characteristics features of lichens which facilitate their survival in extreme climates and makes them an ideal organism for ecosystem monitoring. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are known to protect lichens against increasing environmental stresses therefore second chapter provides insight into various chromatographic and modern spectroscopic techniques involved in separation and characterization of lichen substances. The third chapter elaborates the criteria for selection of biomonitoring species and characters of host plant that influences lichen diversity and details about different lichen species utilized for biomonitoring. One can retrieve preliminary information about the air quality based on the lichen community structure and distribution of bioindicator species as lichen communities/indicator species provides valuable information about the natural/anthropogenic induced changes in the microclimate and land-use changes due to human activity. Therefore, for identification of species, a key to genera and species provides concise information to identify the lichen species based on their morphological and anatomical characters and chemicals present. Keys provided in Chapter 4 will help the beginners to identify some common lichen species based on the distribution in different climatic zones of India. The section also provides comprehensive information about the bioindicator communities and bioindicator species from India. Chapter 5 provides the details of factors affecting the ecosystem (natural as well as anthropogenic disturbances) and role of lichens in ecosystem monitoring in India has been discussed in detail. Chapter 6 discusses the need and utility of indicator species especially lichen biomonitoring data in sustainable forest management and conservation. The content about lichens in biomonitoring will be a valuable resource for researchers from different fields and will provide an essential reference for people interested in lichens and its role in ecosystem monitoring. The book will also hopefully popularize lichenological studies in India and will generate more active participation of lichen biomonitoring studies in management and conservation of natural resources in India.
Book Synopsis Lichens as Bioindicators of Air Quality by : Kenneth W. Stolte
Download or read book Lichens as Bioindicators of Air Quality written by Kenneth W. Stolte and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lichen Biomonitors by : Rita Pinto Eliseu Mendes Godinho Veloso
Download or read book Lichen Biomonitors written by Rita Pinto Eliseu Mendes Godinho Veloso and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book discusses the use of lichen as a biomonitor tool to trace element air deposition, especially focusing on their accumulation performance. The work comprises three main parts, each one addressing relevant issues on factors influencing bioaccumulation. The distribution of accumulated elements, the lichen parameters that need to be used in assessing and ensuring comparability of their characteristics in space and time and the dynamics of the elemental accumulation and release in lichens are all subjects covered in depth in this volume. Lichen Biomonitors: Factor Affecting Response Behaviour starts by presenting the current state-of-the-art of biomonitoring and by introducing relevant issues both generally and specifically recognised as needing attention. The work goes on to explain the intercellular distribution of elements in lichens, the procedures of the comparability testing experiment and, finally, the study of lichens dynamic in more detail. The final chapter discusses and summarises the principal work and the conclusions of the different experiments of the study and highlights the future research that is needed in this area. This book is a must have for people working on biomonitoring issues offering an in-depth study particularly in lichen, for those interested or that have previously worked with these organisms. IOS Press is an international science, technical and medical publisher of high-quality books for academics, scientists, and professionals in all fields. Some of the areas we publish in: -Biomedicine -Oncology -Artificial intelligence -Databases and information systems -Maritime engineering -Nanotechnology -Geoengineering -All aspects of physics -E-governance -E-commerce -The knowledge economy -Urban studies -Arms control -Understanding and responding to terrorism -Medical informatics -Computer Sciences
Book Synopsis Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens by : Pier Luigi Nimis
Download or read book Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens written by Pier Luigi Nimis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, up-to-date review of lichens as biomonitors of air pollution (bioindication, metal and radionuclide accumulation, biomarkers), and as monitors of environmental change (including global climate change and biodiversity loss) in a wide array of terrestrial habitats. Several methods for using lichens as biomonitors are described in a special section of the book.
Book Synopsis Lichen Bioindication of Biodiversity, Air Quality, and Climate by : Sarah Jovan
Download or read book Lichen Bioindication of Biodiversity, Air Quality, and Climate written by Sarah Jovan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lichens are highly valued ecological indicators known for their sensitivity to a wide variety of environmental stressors like air quality and climate change. This report summarizes baseline results from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Lichen Community Indicator covering the first full cycle of data collection (1998-2001, 2003) for Washington, Oregon, and California. During this period, FIA conducted 972 surveys of epiphytic macrolichen communities for monitoring both spatial and long-term temporal trends in forest health. Major research findings are presented with emphasis on lichen biodiversity as well as bioindication of air quality and climate. Considerable effort is devoted to mapping geographic patterns and defining lichen indicator species suitable for estimating air quality and climate.
Book Synopsis Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment by : Vertika Shukla
Download or read book Lichens to Biomonitor the Environment written by Vertika Shukla and published by . This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Pollution Monitoring with Lichens by : David H. S. Richardson
Download or read book Pollution Monitoring with Lichens written by David H. S. Richardson and published by Naturalists' Handbooks. This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lichens make excellent material for field studies throughout the year and are valuable for the detection and mapping of pollution. This book provides an overview of the value of lichens for monitoring a range of potentially harmful substances including sulphur dioxide, fluorides, PCBs, metals and radioactive elements. In each section background information is provided and case studies briefly described to enable the reader to appreciate the potential applications of lichens for monitoring each type of environmental pollutant. To help with the problems of identifying lichens, coloured illustrations are provided of species that commonly grow on trees together with an identification key and direction to more advanced texts for lichens growing on other surfaces.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution and Lichens by : B. W. Ferry
Download or read book Air Pollution and Lichens written by B. W. Ferry and published by Burns & Oates. This book was released on 1973 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lichens as Pollution Monitors by : D. L. Hawksworth
Download or read book Lichens as Pollution Monitors written by D. L. Hawksworth and published by Hodder Education. This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lichens and Air Pollution by : Kenneth J. Metzler
Download or read book Lichens and Air Pollution written by Kenneth J. Metzler and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Positional Responses in Lichen Transplant Biomonitoring of Trace Element Air Pollution by : A. P. Valerio Marques
Download or read book Positional Responses in Lichen Transplant Biomonitoring of Trace Element Air Pollution written by A. P. Valerio Marques and published by Pro Universitate. This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of Positional Responses in Lichen Transplant Biomonitoring of Trace Element Air Pollution is the (bio)monitoring of (trace) element air pollution, with the attention focused on used techniques and selected approaches. Lichens are used in all experiments, and elemental analyses are performed by nuclear multi-elements techniques. This book is focused on lichen transplants aspects, aiming predominantly at transplant vitality, the effects of the positioning of the transplants used and on analytical aspects, thereby concentrating on aspects of comparative PIXE and INAA.
Book Synopsis Lichens as Pollution Monitors by : David L. Hawksworth
Download or read book Lichens as Pollution Monitors written by David L. Hawksworth and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epiphytic Lichens and Air Pollution in the Netherlands by : Toke de Wit
Download or read book Epiphytic Lichens and Air Pollution in the Netherlands written by Toke de Wit and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lichens as Biomonitors for Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by : Leandri Van der Wat
Download or read book Lichens as Biomonitors for Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by Leandri Van der Wat and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time in Africa, studies investigating the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) levels in lichens (species Parmotrema austrosinense (Zalhbr.) Hale) was performed successfully using various sample preparation techniques. Sampling campaigns were conducted at 5 different sites across South Africa. Different sample preparation techniques were explored, and it was found that a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) technique using n-‐ hexane:acetone (1:1, v/v), never before applied to lichens, provided the best recoveries of internal standards (deuterated phenanthrene and pyrene), the highest total peak area for all PAHs of interest and relative standard deviations (%RSDs) comparable with the other preparation techniques explored (ultrasound assisted extraction, Soxhlet and microwave assisted extraction). Statistical analysis confirmed that QuEChERS performed significantly better than the other sample preparation techniques. The optimized sample preparation technique met the study’s requirements, since it was a fast method, with good recoveries, using less solvents and minimal energy. It was determined that the internal standard needs a prolonged equilibration time (12 hr) on the lichen matrix for optimal recoveries, a new finding. Matrix matched standards were prepared and strong matrix effects were found; both strong enhancement (for the lighter PAHs) and strong suppression (for the heavier PAHs) were observed. The use of matrix matched standards were found to be imperative for the accurate determination of PAH concentrations in the samples, described for the first time in this study, since the matrix effects were found to be PAH and lichen specific and are crucial for accurate quantitation. Varying chlorophyll contents of the extracts was observed using fluorescence spectroscopy, despite being prepared in an identical manner and being of the same lichen species. Therefore, the chlorophyll content needs to be given along with determined PAH concentrations in lichens, based on a dried weight basis to allow for comparison between studies. All the lichen samples contained naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene. It was seen that a full range of PAHs in terms of mass was extracted and identified, thus Parmotrema austrosinense (Zalhbr.) Hale was an appropriate choice of lichen species. The order of most impacted sites to least impacted was found to be Pretoria Industrial Area (total PAH concentration 1001 ng.g-‐1) > Daspoort 2 (737 ng.g-‐1) > Daspoort 3 (693 ng.g-‐1) > Bulk urban site (633 ng.g-‐1) > Cathedral Peak (547 ng.g-‐1) > Cape Point Nature Reserve 1 (525 ng.g-‐1) > Cape Point Nature Reserve 2 (514 ng.g-‐1) > Cape Point Nature Reserve 3 (425 ng.g-‐1). The PAH profiles and PAH ring-‐size profile were used for source diagnostics and was seen to vary according to the types of pollution sources.
