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Perchlorate And Nitrate Remediation Efficiency And Microbial Diversity In A Containerized Wetland Bioreactor
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Book Synopsis Perchlorate and Nitrate Remediation Efficiency and Microbial Diversity in a Containerized Wetland Bioreactor by :
Download or read book Perchlorate and Nitrate Remediation Efficiency and Microbial Diversity in a Containerized Wetland Bioreactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a method to remove perchlorate (14 to 27 [mu]g/L) and nitrate (48 mg/L) from contaminated groundwater using a wetland bioreactor. The bioreactor has operated continuously in a remote field location for more than two years with a stable ecosystem of indigenous organisms. This study assesses the bioreactor for long-term perchlorate and nitrate remediation by evaluating influent and effluent groundwater for reduction-oxidation conditions and nitrate and perchlorate concentrations. Total community DNA was extracted and purified from 10-g sediment samples retrieved from vertical coring of the bioreactor during winter. Analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of short, 16S rDNA, polymerase-chain-reaction products was used to identify dominant microorganisms. Bacteria genera identified were closely affiliated with bacteria widely distributed in soils, mud layers, and fresh water. Of the 17 dominant bands sequenced, most were gram negative and capable of aerobic or anaerobic respiration with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor (Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Halomonas, and Nitrospira). Several identified genera (Rhizobium, Acinetobactor, and Xanthomonas) are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a combined form (ammonia) usable by host plants. Isolates were identified from the Proteobacteria class, known for the ability to reduce perchlorate. Initial bacterial assessments of sediments confirm the prevalence of facultative anaerobic bacteria capable of reducing perchlorate and nitrate in situ.
Book Synopsis Containerized Wetland Bioreactor Evaluated for Perchlorate and Nitrate Degradation by :
Download or read book Containerized Wetland Bioreactor Evaluated for Perchlorate and Nitrate Degradation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLNL) designed and constructed an innovative containerized wetlands (bioreactor) system that began operation in November 2000 to biologically degrade perchlorate and nitrate under relatively low-flow conditions at a remote location at Site 300 known as Building 854. Since initial start-up, the system has processed over 3,463,000 liters of ground water and treated over 38 grams of perchlorate and 148 kilograms of nitrate. Site 300 is operated by the University of California as a high-explosives and materials testing facility supporting nuclear weapons research. The 11-square mile site located in northern California was added to the NPL in 1990 primarily due to the presence of elevated concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water. At the urging of the regulatory agencies, perchlorate was looked for and detected in the ground water in 1999. VOCs, nitrate and perchlorate were released into the soil and ground water in the Building 854 area as the result of accidental leaks during stability testing of weapons or from waste discharge practices that are no longer permitted at Site 300. Design of the wetland bioreactors was based on earlier studies showing that indigenous chlorate-respiring bacteria could effectively degrade perchlorate into nontoxic concentrations of chlorate, chlorite, oxygen, and chloride. Studies also showed that the addition of organic carbon would enhance microbial denitrification. Early onsite testing showed acetic acid to be a more effective carbon source than dried leaf matter, dried algae, or milk replacement starter; a nutrient and carbon source used in a Department of Defense phytoremediation demonstration. No inocula were added to the system. Groundwater was allowed to circulate through the bioreactor for three weeks to acclimate the wetland plants and to build a biofilm from indigenous flora. Using solar energy, ground water is pumped into granular activated carbon canisters to remove VOCs (Figure x). Following solar treatment, ground water containing approximately 46 mg/L of nitrate and 13 [mu]g/L of perchlorate is gravity-fed continuously into two parallel series of two-1,900 liter tank bioreactors. Each bioreactor contains coarse, aquarium-grade gravel and locally-obtained plant species such as cattails (Typha spp.), sedges (Cyperus spp.), and indigenous denitrifying microorganisms. No inocula were added to the system. Groundwater was allowed to circulate through the bioreactor for three weeks to acclimate the wetland plants and to build a biofilm from indigenous flora. Sodium acetate is added to the first bioreactor in each of the two series to promote growth and metabolic activity of rhizome microorganisms. The split flow from each series is combined, and flows through two back-up ion exchange columns to assure complete perchlorate removal. Effluent from the ground water treatment system is monitored and discharged an infiltration trench in accordance with the Substantive Requirements for Waste Discharge issued by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board.
Book Synopsis Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation by : Hans F. Stroo
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Book Synopsis Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals by : Ilya Raskin
Download or read book Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals written by Ilya Raskin and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2000 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at the most promising technology for metal remediation. With current cleanup methodologies offering no real solution to the serious environmental implications of toxic metal contamination, there is a growing need among remediation professionals for effective, affordable, nonpolluting alternatives to energy-intensive engineering processes. This book presents one such promising alternative-the extraordinary new technology of phytoremediation. Through first-rate contributions from the top scientists in the field, Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals surveys worldwide pioneering efforts in the use of plants to treat contamination of such metals as lead, cadmium, chromium, and even radionuclides. The authors explore all major aspects of the technology-how it utilizes the metal-accumulating properties of selected or engineered plants to remove toxic metals from soils and water, how to transfer knowledge from the laboratory to the field, and what methods are most viable for commercial application. Complete, state-of-the-art coverage includes: * The economic advantages of plant-based technology * Regulatory considerations for future phytoremediation * Phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and phytofiltration of toxic metals * Photostabilization of metals using hybrid poplar trees * Phytovolatilization for the special case of mercury and selenium * The biological mechanisms of metal-accumulating plants
Book Synopsis Environmental Technologies to Treat Nitrogen Pollution by : Francisco J. Cervantes
Download or read book Environmental Technologies to Treat Nitrogen Pollution written by Francisco J. Cervantes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Technologies to Treat Nitrogen Pollution provides a thorough understanding of the principles and applications of environmental technologies to treat nitrogen contamination. The main focus is on water and wastewater treatment, with additional coverage of leachates and off-gasses. The book brings together an up-to-date compilation of the main physical, chemical and biological processes demanded for the removal of nitrogenous contaminants from water, wastewater, leachates and off-gasses. It includes a series of chapters providing a deep and broad knowledge of the principles and applications required for the treatment of nitrogen pollution. Each chapter has been prepared by recognized specialists across the range of different aspects involved in the removal of nitrogenous contaminants from industrial discharges. Environmental Technologies to Treat Nitrogen Pollution is the first book to provide a complete review of all the different processes used for the global management of nitrogen pollution. It also contains updated information about strategies to achieve nitrogen recovery and reuse in different industrial sectors. Several case studies document the application of different environmental technologies to manage nitrogen pollution. This book will be of interest to lecturers and graduate students in the following subject areas: Environmental Engineering, Environmental Biotechnology, wastewater treatment plant design, water pollution control, contaminants recovery and reuse. The book will also be an attractive reference for environmental engineering consultants.
Book Synopsis Phytoremediation by : Abid Ali Ansari
Download or read book Phytoremediation written by Abid Ali Ansari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-03 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text details the plant-assisted remediation method, “phytoremediation”, which involves the interaction of plant roots and associated rhizospheric microorganisms for the remediation of soil contaminated with high levels of metals, pesticides, solvents, radionuclides, explosives, crude oil, organic compounds and various other contaminants. Each chapter highlights and compares the beneficial and economical alternatives of phytoremediation to currently practiced soil removal and burial practices. This book covers state of the art approaches in Phytoremediation written by leading and eminent scientists from around the globe. Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants, Volume 1 supplies its readers with a multidisciplinary understanding in the principal and practical approaches of phytoremediation from laboratory research to field application.
Book Synopsis Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management by : Junaid Ahmad Malik
Download or read book Advances in Bioremediation and Phytoremediation for Sustainable Soil Management written by Junaid Ahmad Malik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-31 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume deals with the understanding of the issues concerned with the pollution caused by toxic elements and heavy metals and their impacts on the different agro-ecosystems as well as the techniques involved in sustainable remediation and amelioration of polluted soils. Furthermore, the book is a detailed comprehensive account for the treatment technologies from unsustainable to sustainable which includes chapters prepared by professionals with expertise in environmental microbiology, biotechnology, bioremediation, and environmental engineering. It focuses on the characterization, reclamation, bioremediation, and phytoremediation of polluted soils. The research presented also highlights some of the significantly important plant and microbial species involved in remediation, the physiology, biochemistry, and the mechanisms of remediation by various plants and microbes, and suggestions for future improvement of bioremediation technology. It offers insights into the current focus and recent advances in bioremediation and green technology applications for sustainable soil management.
Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology by : Ralph Mitchell
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology written by Ralph Mitchell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling reference on environmental microbiology—now in a new edition This is the long-awaited and much-anticipated revision of the bestselling text and reference. Based on the latest information and investigative techniques from molecular biology and genetics, this Second Edition offers an in-depth examination of the role of microbiological processes related to environmental deterioration with an emphasis on the detection and control of environmental contaminants. Its goal is to further our understanding of the complex microbial processes underlying environmental degradation, its detection and control, and ultimately, its prevention. Features new to this edition include: A completely new organization with topics such as pathogens in developing countries, effects of genetically modified crops on microbial communities, and transformations of toxic metals Comprehensive coverage of key topics such as bacteria in the greenhouse and low-energy waste treatment New coverage relating core book content to local, regional, and global environmental problems Environmental Microbiology, Second Edition is essential reading for environmental microbiologists and engineers, general environmental scientists, chemists, and chemical engineers who are interested in key current subjects in environmental microbiology. It is also appropriate as a textbook for courses in environmental science, chemistry, engineering, and microbial ecology at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels.
Book Synopsis Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : John Bratby
Download or read book Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by John Bratby and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st Edition it has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with water and wastewater treatment. A thorough gamut of treatment scenarios is attempted, including turbidity, color and organics removal, including the technical aspects of enhanced coagulation. The effects of temperature and ionic content are described as well as the removal of specific substances such as arsenic and phosphorus. Chemical phosphorus removal is dealt with in detail, Rapid mixing for efficient coagulant utilization, and flocculation are dealt with in specific chapters. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an Appendix devoted to this subject. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information.
Book Synopsis Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory by : Thomas M. Pankratz
Download or read book Environmental Engineering Dictionary and Directory written by Thomas M. Pankratz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-09-22 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like most technical disciplines, environmental science and engineering is becoming increasingly specialized. As industry professionals focus on specific environmental subjects they become less familiar with environmental problems and solutions outside their area of expertise. This situation is compounded by the fact that many environmental science
Book Synopsis Biogenic Nano-Particles and their Use in Agro-ecosystems by : Mansour Ghorbanpour
Download or read book Biogenic Nano-Particles and their Use in Agro-ecosystems written by Mansour Ghorbanpour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several nano-scale devices have emerged that are capable of analysing plant diseases, nutrient deficiencies and any other ailments that may affect food security in agro-ecosystems. It has been envisioned that smart delivery systems can be developed and utilised for better management of agricultural ecosystems. These systems could exhibit beneficial, multi-functional characteristics, which could be used to assess and also control habitat-imposed stresses to crops. Nanoparticle-mediated smart delivery systems can control the delivery of nutrients or bioactive and/or pesticide molecules in plants. It has been suggested that nano-particles in plants might help determine their nutrient status and could also be used as cures in agro-ecosystems. Further, to enhance soil and crop productivity, nanotechnology has been used to create and deliver nano fertilizers, which can be defined as nano-particles that directly help supply nutrients for plant growth and soil productivity. Nano-particles can be absorbed onto clay networks, leading to improved soil health and more efficient nutrient use by crops. Additionally, fertilizer particles can be coated with nano-particles that facilitate slow and steady release of nutrients, reducing loss of nutrients and enhancing their efficiency in agri-crops. Although the use of nanotechnology in agro-ecosystems is still in its early stages and needs to be developed further, nano-particle-mediated delivery systems are promising solutions for the successful management of agri-ecosystems. In this context, the book offers insights into nanotechnology in agro-ecosystems with reference to biogenic nanoparticles. It highlights the: • occurrence and diversity of Biogenic Nanoparticles • mechanistic approach involved in the synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles • synthesis of nanoparticles using photo-activation, and their fate in the soil ecosystem • potential applications of nanoparticles in agricultural systems • application and biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles and their characterization • impact of biogenic nanoparticles on biotic stress to plants • mechanistic approaches involved in the antimicrobial effects and cytotoxicity of biogenic nanoparticles • role of biogenic nanoparticles in plant diseases management • relevance of biological synthesized nanoparticles in the longevity of agricultural crops • design and synthesis of nano-biosensors for monitoring pollutants in water, soil and plant systems • applications of nanotechnology in agriculture with special refer to soil, water and plant sciences A useful resource for postgraduate and research students in the field of plant and agricultural sciences, it is also of interest to researchers working in nano and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation and Sustainable Technologies for Cleaner Environment by : Marimuthu Prashanthi
Download or read book Bioremediation and Sustainable Technologies for Cleaner Environment written by Marimuthu Prashanthi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers insights into the current focus and recent advances in bioremediation and green technology applications for waste minimization and pollution control. Increasing urbanization has an impact on the environment, agriculture and industry, exacerbating the pollution problem and creating an urgent need for sustainable and green eco-friendly remediation technology. Currently, there is heightened interest in environmental research, especially in the area of pollution remediation and waste conversion, and alternative, eco-friendly methods involving better usage of agricultural residues as economically viable substrates for environmental cleanup are still required. The book offers researchers and scholars inspiration, and suggests directions for specific waste management and pollution control. The research presented makes a valuable contribution toward a sustainable and eco-friendly societal environment.
Book Synopsis Perchlorate in the Environment by : Edward Todd Urbansky
Download or read book Perchlorate in the Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-06-30 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.
