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Pension Underfunding And Liberal Retirement Benefits Among State And Local Government Workers
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Book Synopsis Pension Underfunding and Liberal Retirement Benefits Among State and Local Government Workers by : Richard W. Johnson
Download or read book Pension Underfunding and Liberal Retirement Benefits Among State and Local Government Workers written by Richard W. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper finds evidence that the relative generosity of pensions among state and local government workers can be explained by the ability of taxpayers to underfund public employee retirement plans. Since underfunding can reduce the tax burden of mobile taxpayers who expect to leave the community before retirement benefits are paid, governments have an incentive to offer their employees compensation packages with generous, but poorly funded, pensions. Combining individual-level data from the Current Population Survey with state-level pension plan provisions collected from state statutes, a recursive system of equations characterizing pension underfunding levels and pension benefits is estimated. The results indicate a strong, positive relationship between underfunding levels and taxpayer mobility. In addition, predicted levels of underfunding significantly increase annual increments to individual pension wealth and the ratio of these increments to current earnings.
Book Synopsis Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans by : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Download or read book Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Congress is considering establishing federal standards for state and local government pension plans similar to those imposed on private plans by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The act generally provides that the minimum standard for pension funding by private employers be an annual contribution for normal costs plus the amount needed to amortize current unfunded liabilities in 40 equal annual installments. Public pensions are becoming a large financial burden on state and local governments, and that burden will increase in the future. Many jurisdictions do not systematically fund retirement benefits accruing to their employees. Adopting a pension plan funding standard similar to that required by the act would have serious initial impact on some jurisdictions. During the years the plans are on a pay-as-you-go basis, their unfunded liabilities will continue to grow. At the end of the amortization period of 40 years required for private plans, their unfunded liabilities will more than triple and yearly pay-as-you-go contributions will increase several fold. To protect the pension benefits earned by public employees and to avert fiscal disaster, state and local governments need to fund the normal or current cost of their pension plans on an annual basis and amortize the plans' unfunded liabilities. Although sponsoring governments are responsible for sound funding of state and local government plans, the federal government has substantial interest in these pension plans. Many jurisdictions have increasingly relied on federal grant funds and revenue sharing to help meet pension plan costs. These plans directly affect the continued well-being and security of millions of state and local government employees and their dependents.
Book Synopsis Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans, a National Problem by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans, a National Problem written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Underfunding of State and Local Pension Plans by : Frank Russek
Download or read book Underfunding of State and Local Pension Plans written by Frank Russek and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent financial crisis and economic recession have left many states and localities with extraordinary budgetary difficulties for the next few years, but structural shortfalls in their pension plans pose a problem that is likely to endure for much longer. This report discusses alternative approaches to assessing the size of those shortfalls and their implications for funding decisions. Figure and table. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find report.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976205835 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (58 download)
Book Synopsis State and Local Government Retiree Benefits by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book State and Local Government Retiree Benefits written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-09 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pension and other retiree benefits for state and local government employees represent liabilities for state and local governments and ultimately a burden for state and local taxpayers. Since 1986, accounting standards have required state and local governments to report their unfunded pension liabilities. Recently, however, standards changed and now call for governments also to report retiree health liabilities. The extent of these liabilities nationwide is not yet known, but some predict they will be very large, possibly exceeding a trillion dollars in present value terms. The federal government has an interest in assuring that all Americans have a secure retirement, as reflected in the federal tax deferral for contributions to both public and private pension plans. Consequently, the GAO was asked to examine: 1) the key measures of the funded status of retiree benefits and 2) the current funded status of retiree benefits. GAO analyzed data on public pensions, reviewed current literature, and interviewed a range of experts on public retiree benefits, actuarial science, and accounting. Three key measures help to understand different aspects of the funded status of state and local government pension and other retiree benefits. First, governments' annual contributions indicate the extent to which governments are keeping up with the benefits as they are accumulating. Second, the funded ratio indicates the percentage of actuarially accrued benefit liabilities covered by the actuarial value of assets. Third, unfunded actuarial accrued liabilities indicate the excess, if any, of liabilities over assets in dollars. Governments have been reporting these three measures for pensions for years, but new accounting standards will also require governments to report the same for retiree health benefits. Because a variety of methods and actuarial assumptions are used to calculate the funded status, different plans cannot be easily compared. Currently, most state and local government pension plans have enough invested resources set aside to keep up with the benefits they are scheduled to pay over the next several decades, but governments offering retiree health benefits generally have large unfunded liabilities. Many experts consider a funded ratio of about 80 percent or better to be sound for government pensions. We found that 58 percent of 65 large pension plans were funded to that level in 2006, a decrease since 2000. Low funded ratios would eventually require the government employer to improve funding, for example, by reducing benefits or by increasing contributions. However, pension benefits are generally not at risk in the near term because current assets and new contributions may be sufficient to pay benefits for several years. Still, many governments have often contributed less than the amount needed to improve or maintain funded ratios. Low contributions raise concerns about the future funded status. For retiree health benefits, studies estimate that the total unfunded actuarial accrued liability for state and local governments lies between $600 billion and $1.6 trillion in present value terms. The unfunded liabilities are large because governments typically have not set aside any funds for the future payment of retiree health benefits as they have for pensions. Percentage of State and Local Pension Plans with Funded Ratios above or below 80 Percent Source: GAO analysis of PFS, PENDAT data.Percentage of plansFiscal yearFunded ratio 80 percent or moreFunded ratio less than 80 percent020406080100200620052004200320022001200019961994
Book Synopsis State and Local Government Pension Plans: Current Structure and Funded Status by : Barbara D. Bovbjerg
Download or read book State and Local Government Pension Plans: Current Structure and Funded Status written by Barbara D. Bovbjerg and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of state and local gov¿t. employees are promised pension benefits when they retire. There is a fed. interest in ensuring that all Americans have a secure retirement. Recently, new accounting standards have called for the reporting of liabilities for future retiree health benefits. It is unclear what actions state and local governments may take once the extent of these liabilities becomes clear, but such anticipated fiscal and economic challenges have raised questions about the unfunded liabilities for state and local retiree benefits. This is a report on: (1) the current structure of state and local gov¿t. pension plans and how pension benefits are protected and managed; and (2) the current funded status of state and local gov¿t. pension plans. Charts.
Book Synopsis Funding and Administrative Efficiency of State and Local Government Pension Plans by : Ping Lung Hsin
Download or read book Funding and Administrative Efficiency of State and Local Government Pension Plans written by Ping Lung Hsin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis State and Local Government Retiree Benefits by : USA Government Accountability Office
Download or read book State and Local Government Retiree Benefits written by USA Government Accountability Office and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half-century, the number of state and local government workers has grown significantly. In 2006, this sector accounted for about 12 percent of the nation's workforce. Since 1996, accounting standards calling for state and local governments to report their liabilities for future pension costs have been in place, but standards calling for similar treatment of the future costs of retiree health benefits have only recently been issued. It is unclear as yet, what actions state and local governments may take once the future costs of these benefits are known. However, future decisions about the appropriate levels of benefits for retirees will likely occur in a broader context of persistent fiscal challenges that state and local governments will face in the next decade. Hence, concerns have been raised about the public sector's capacity to meet the rising cost of providing its retirees with promised pension and other post-employment benefits, such as retiree health care. State and local retiree benefits are not subject, for the most part, to federal laws governing private sector retiree benefits. Nevertheless, there is a federal interest in ensuring that all Americans have a secure retirement, an interest that is reflected in preferential tax treatment for contributions and investment earnings associated with qualified pension plans in both the public and the private sectors. This is an excerpted and indexed edition.
Book Synopsis State and Local Pension Plans by : Olivia S. Mitchell
Download or read book State and Local Pension Plans written by Olivia S. Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the role and function of pension plans covering state and local government employees in the United States. Covering about 16 million employees (including teachers, fire fighters, police, members of the judiciary, and many other state and local employees), these plans manage a substantial stock of financial assets -- close to $1 trillion -- and receive annual contributions from employees and government revenues totaling about $56 billion. Using data gathered from a variety of different sources, some of which have only recently become available, we describe the benefits, financing, and management of these plans, and identify some of the prominent challenges facing these pension plans in the next decade.
Book Synopsis State and Local Pensions by : Alicia H. Munnell
Download or read book State and Local Pensions written by Alicia H. Munnell and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the financial crisis and Great Recession, the health of state and local pension plans has emerged as a front burner policy issue. Elected officials, academic experts, and the media alike have pointed to funding shortfalls with alarm, expressing concern that pension promises are unsustainable or will squeeze out other pressing government priorities. A few local governments have even filed for bankruptcy, with pensions cited as a major cause. Alicia H. Munnell draws on both her practical experience and her research to provide a broad perspective on the challenge of state and local pensions. She shows that the story is big and complicated and cannot be viewed through a narrow prism such as accounting methods or the role of unions. By examining the diversity of the public plan universe, Munnell debunks the notion that all plans are in trouble. In fact, she finds that while a few plans are basket cases, many are functioning reasonably well. Munnell's analysis concludes that the plans in serious trouble need a major overhaul. But even the relatively healthy plans face three challenges ahead: an excessive concentration of plan assets in equities; the risk that steep benefit cuts for new hires will harm workforce quality; and the constraints plans face in adjusting future benefits for current employees. Here, Munnell proposes solutions that preserve the main strengths of state and local pensions while promoting needed reforms.
Book Synopsis State and Local Pension Fund Management by : Jun Peng
Download or read book State and Local Pension Fund Management written by Jun Peng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-08-21 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intense media coverage of the public pension funding crisis continues to fuel heightened awareness in and debate over public pension benefits. With over $3 trillion in assets currently under management, the ramifications of poor oversight are severe. It is important that practitioners, researchers, and taxpayers be well-advised regarding any concer
Book Synopsis Rethinking Public Sector Compensation by : Thom Reilly
Download or read book Rethinking Public Sector Compensation written by Thom Reilly and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed as a comprehensive overview of public sector compensation, the book addresses strategies for change, with the author warning that failure of the profession to address this issue will ultimately lead to citizens taking matters in their own hands. The author's issues-oriented approach addresses his core messagethat the escalation of public sector compensation is impacting the ability of government to meet its core responsibility and the failure of government to address this has serious consequences. Not just a critique, it presents context, analysis, and suggestions for reform.
Book Synopsis Finance and Occupational Pensions by : Charles Sutcliffe
Download or read book Finance and Occupational Pensions written by Charles Sutcliffe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Occupational pensions are major participants in global financial markets with assets of well over $30 trillion, representing more than 40% of the assets of institutional investors. Some occupational pension funds control assets of over $400 billion, and the largest 300 occupational pension funds each have average assets of over $50 billion. The assets of UK pension funds are equivalent to UK GDP, and US pension fund assets are 83% of US GDP. These statistics highlight the importance of pension funds as major players in financial markets, and the need to understand the behaviour of these large institutional investors. Occupational pensions also play an important, but neglected, role in corporate finance. For example, US company pension schemes account for over 60% of company market value, and yet they are often ignored when analysing companies. This book is based on the substantial body of evidence available from around the world on a topic that has become increasingly important and controversial in recent years. Written for practitioners, students and academics, this book brings together and systematizes a very large international literature from financial economists, actuaries, practitioners, professional organizations, official documents and reports. The underlying focus is the application of the principles of financial economics to occupational pensions, including the work of Nobel laureates such as Merton, Markowitz, Modigliani, Miller and Sharpe, as well as Black. This book will give readers an up-to-date understanding of occupational pensions, the economic issues they face, and some suggestions of how these issues can be tackled. The first section explains the operation of defined benefit and defined contribution pensions, along with some descriptive statistics. The second section covers selected aspects of occupational pensions. The focus of these first two sections is on the economic and financial aspects of pensions, accompanied by some basic information on how they operate. This is followed by three further sections that analyse the investment of pension funds, the corporate finance implications of firms providing pensions for their employees, and annuities.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Motivation in Public Administration by : Stazyk, Edmund C.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Motivation in Public Administration written by Stazyk, Edmund C. and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This cutting-edge Research Handbook brings together international scholars to provide a comprehensive overview of motivation within and beyond the field of public administration. Discussing the implications of contemporary research for theory and practice, it offers suggestions for the development of future research in the field.
Book Synopsis US Pension Reform by : Martin Neil Baily
Download or read book US Pension Reform written by Martin Neil Baily and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2009 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Financial Management by : Howard A. Frank
Download or read book Public Financial Management written by Howard A. Frank and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Financial Management covers the five major pillars of this sub-discipline of public administration: context, public finance, retirement systems, performance measurement and budgeting, and international perspectives. This text offers practitioners information valuable in their day-to-day operations, while also providing students in public adm
Book Synopsis Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans, a National Problem by : United States. General Accounting Office
Download or read book Funding of State and Local Government Pension Plans, a National Problem written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
