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Pelagic Barite
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Download or read book Pelagic Barite written by Weiqi Yao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstruction of ocean paleoproductivity and paleochemistry is paramount to understanding global biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon, oxygen and sulfur cycles and the responses of these cycles to changes in climate and tectonics. Paleo-reconstruction involves the application of various tracers that record seawater compositions, which in turn may be used to infer oceanic processes. Several important tracers are incorporated into pelagic barite, an authigenic mineral that forms in the water column. Here we summarize the utility of pelagic barite for the reconstruction of export production and as a recorder of seawater S, O, Sr, Ca and Ba.
Book Synopsis Sulfate Minerals by : Charles N. Alpers
Download or read book Sulfate Minerals written by Charles N. Alpers and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 40 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry compiles and synthesizes current information on sulfate minerals from a variety of perspectives, including crystallography, geochemical properties, geological environments of formation, thermodynamic stability relations, kinetics of formation and dissolution, and environmental aspects. The first two chapters cover crystallography (Chapter 1) and spectroscopy (Chapter 2). Environments with alkali and alkaline earth sulfates are described in the next three chapters, on evaporites (Chapter 3), barite-celestine deposits (Chapter 4), and the kinetics of precipitation and dissolution of gypsum, barite, and celestine (Chapter 5). Acidic environments are the theme for the next four chapters, which cover soluble metal salts from sulfide oxidation (Chapter 6), iron and aluminum hydroxysulfates (Chapter 7), jarosites in hydrometallugy (Chapter 8), and alunite-jarosite crystallography, thermodynamics, and geochronology (Chapter 9). The next two chapters discuss thermodynamic modeling of sulfate systems from the perspectives of predicting sulfate-mineral solubilities in waters covering a wide range in composition and concentration (Chapter 10) and predicting interactions between sulfate solid solutions and aqueous solutions (Chapter 11). The concluding chapter on stable-isotope systematics (Chapter 12) discusses the utility of sulfate minerals in understanding the geological and geochemical processes in both high- and low-temperature environments, and in unraveling the past evolution of natural systems through paleoclimate studies. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a short course on sulfate minerals sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) November 11-12, 2000 in Tahoe City, California, prior to the Annual Meeting of MSA, the Geological Society of America, and other associated societies in nearby Reno, Nevada. The conveners of the course (and editors of this volume of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry), Alpers, John Jambor, and Kirk Nordstrom, also organized related topical sessions at the GSA meeting on sulfate minerals in both hydrothermal and low-temperature environments.
Book Synopsis Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy by : Michael Montenari
Download or read book Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy written by Michael Montenari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case Studies in Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Four in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers current research across many stratigraphic disciplines, providing information on the most recent developments for the geoscientific research community. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, isotope stratigraphy, astrochronology, climatostratigraphy, seismic stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, ice core chronology, cyclostratigraphy, paleoceanography, sequence stratigraphy, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more
Download or read book Marine Minerals written by Roger G. Burns and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 6 of Reviews in Mineralogy was originated from notes prepared for a short course on Marine Minerals held in La Jolla, California, November 2-3, 1979. Chapters in this volume are devoted to marine manganese oxide, iron oxide, silica polymorphs, zeolite, clay, phosphorite, barite, evaporite, and placer minerals. Carbonates are not included; coverage of this important mineral group warrants a separate monograph. The extremely interesting sulfide and hydrothermal mineral assemblages recently discovered at oceanic spreading centers are also not discussed here. Marine Minerals was first published in 1979 as Volume 6 of the series entitled Short course. In 1980 the Mineralogical Society of America changed the name of the series to Reviews in Mineralogy, and for that reason this, the second printing of Marine Minerals has been reissued under the new banner. Only minor corrections have been made.
Book Synopsis Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada by :
Download or read book Stratiform barite deposits in the Roberts Mountains allochthon, Nevada written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Barium Isotopes by : Tristan J. Horner
Download or read book Barium Isotopes written by Tristan J. Horner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern marine environment, barium isotope (δ138Ba) variations are primarily driven by barite cycling—barite incorporates 'light' Ba isotopes from solution, rendering the residual Ba reservoir enriched in 'heavy' Ba isotopes by a complementary amount. Since the processes of barite precipitation and dissolution are vertically segregated and spatially heterogeneous, barite cycling drives systematic variations in the barium isotope composition of seawater and sediments. This Element examines these variations; evaluates their global, regional, local, and geological controls; and, explores how δ138Ba can be exploited to constrain the origin of enigmatic sedimentary sulfates and to study marine biogeochemistry over Earth's history.
Book Synopsis Reconstructing Biological and Chemical Changes in the Tropical Pacific Using Bio-barium and Pelagic Barite by : Ji-Eun Kim (Ph. D. in earth sciences)
Download or read book Reconstructing Biological and Chemical Changes in the Tropical Pacific Using Bio-barium and Pelagic Barite written by Ji-Eun Kim (Ph. D. in earth sciences) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of past geologic records and present-day oceanographic processes can benefit society by better understanding how climate and biogeochemical processes interact in ocean. I present research that helps better understand these interactions by studying marine sediments, specifically barium in aqueous settings. This dissertation is separated into three projects that utilize geochemical interpretation of sediments and fluxes from the ocean to understand biogeochemical changes in past and present oceans. The first two projects study the export of carbon from ocean surface to deep waters in the tropical Pacific. The Maastrichtian records confirm that organic carbon export proxies related to barite (BaSO4) can be reconstructed at high-resolution using non-destructive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Ba. This scanning XRF Ba record from 71.5 to 66 million years ago (Ma), after 405 kyr tuning, shows direct precessional cycle influence on organic carbon export during the cool greenhouse conditions of Late Cretaceous in the tropical Pacific. This suggests high frequency climate variability existed in the tropical Pacific and precession had a role in driving these changes, which were enhanced after Deccan volcanism when CO2 concentrations increased. A modern sediment trap record of carbon export determined by analyzing excess-Ba content (proxy for barite) from 2003 to 2013 records changed across a shift in the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This record suggests upwelling is the main driving force for carbon export in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) by the carbon export showing variations following the PDO phases as similar to the upwelling magnitude changes, rather than the surface dust input. The dust deposition at the surface decoupled from dust export at depth leads to the conclusion that dust has limited role as a micronutrient source. Together these records suggest that hydrological changes in the tropical Pacific are important drivers of change for organic carbon export in both the Late Cretaceous and modern oceans. The last project presents selenium (Se) and arsenic (As) speciation within natural barite samples which reflect the aqueous environment oxidation state (i.e., oxic, suboxic, and anoxic). Natural barite sample (n=12) Se(VI)/Se(IV) and As(V)/As(III) results were obtained through X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy from marine pelagic, marine diagenetic, continental, hydrothermal, and cold seep barite. The results suggest that Se and As speciation reflect the redox condition of the environment in which barite precipitates, and further potentially provide information about biological sulfate reduction.
Book Synopsis U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin by :
Download or read book U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2169 by :
Download or read book Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 2169 written by and published by Natural Resources Canada. This book was released on with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molybdenum as a Paleoredox Proxy by : Stephan R. Hlohowskyj
Download or read book Molybdenum as a Paleoredox Proxy written by Stephan R. Hlohowskyj and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molybdenum (Mo) is a widely used trace metal for investigating redox conditions. However, unanswered questions remain that concentration and bulk isotopic analysis cannot specially answer. Improvements can be made by combining new geochemical techniques to traditional methods of Mo analysis. In this Element, we propose a refinement of Mo geochemistry within aquatic systems, ancient rocks, and modern sediments through molecular geochemistry (systematically combining concentration, isotope ratio, elemental mapping, and speciation analyses). Specifically, to intermediate sulfide concentrations governing Mo behavior below the 'switch-point' and dominant sequestration pathways in low oxygen conditions. The aim of this work is to 1) aid and improve the breadth of Mo paleoproxy interpretations by considering Mo speciation and 2) address outstanding research gaps concerning Mo systematics (cycling, partitioning, sequestration, etc.). The Mo paleoproxy has potential to solve ever complex research questions. By using molecular geochemical recommendations, improved Mo paleoproxy interpretations and reconstruction can be achieved.
Book Synopsis Iron Formations as Palaeoenvironmental Archives by : Kaarel Mänd
Download or read book Iron Formations as Palaeoenvironmental Archives written by Kaarel Mänd and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-20 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ancient iron formations - iron and silica-rich chemical sedimentary rocks that formed throughout the Precambrian eons - provide a significant part of the evidence for the modern scientific understanding of palaeoenvironmental conditions in Archaean (4.0–2.5 billion years ago) and Proterozoic (2.5–0.539 billion years ago) times. Despite controversies regarding their formation mechanisms, iron formations are a testament to the influence of the Precambrian biosphere on early ocean chemistry. As many iron formations are pure chemical sediments that reflect the composition of the waters from which they precipitated, they can also serve as nuanced geochemical archives for the study of ancient marine temperatures, redox states, and elemental cycling, if proper care is taken to understand their sedimentological context.
Author :Geological Society of America Publisher :Geological Society of America ISBN 13 :0813721210 Total Pages :733 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (137 download)
Book Synopsis Abstracts for 1968: Abstracts of papers submitted for seven meetings with which the Society was associated by : Geological Society of America
Download or read book Abstracts for 1968: Abstracts of papers submitted for seven meetings with which the Society was associated written by Geological Society of America and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1969 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean by : G.N. Baturin
Download or read book The Geochemistry of Manganese and Manganese Nodules in the Ocean written by G.N. Baturin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Manganese nodules were first discovered on the ocean floor 160 miles south-west of the Canary Islands on February 18, 1803, during the first complex oceano logical cruise of the Challenger. They surprised researchers by their unusual shape and also by their unusual chemical composition; nevertheless for many years after wards, they were considered merely as one of Nature's exotic marine tricks. After the Secpnd World War, a comprehensive investigation of the World Ocean started, and new data were obtained on a wide distribution of manganese nodules and their polymetallic composition, that made scientists consider nodules as one of the major characteristics of the deep oceanic zone. Recently, meaning since the 1960's, nodules have been recognized as a potential ore source, investigation of which is stimulated by the progressive depletion of land-based mineral resources. Several generations of scientists from various countries have contributed to the problem of exploration of manganese nodules on the ocean floor. Though the problem has been posed, it has not been solved yet because it required, in its turn, a scrutiny of some fundamental aspects such as composition, nature, accretion r'ate of nodules and retrieval of nodule fields. These problems have been discussed in thousands of papers and larger publications; see, in particulare, Mero, 1965; Horn, 1972; Morgenstein, 1973; Bezrukov, 1976; Glasby, 1977; Bischoff and Piper, 1979; Lalou, 1979; Manganese nodules, 1979; Varentsov, 1980; Cronan, 1980; Manganese nodules . . . , 1984, 1986.
Book Synopsis Applied Sedimentology by : Richard C. Selley
Download or read book Applied Sedimentology written by Richard C. Selley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are three types of rock—igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary. Sedimentary rocks form from the weathering, erosion, transportation and deposition of older rocks. Applied Sedimentology describes the formation, transportation and deposition of sediment, and the post-depositional processes that change soft sediment into sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks include sandstones, limestones and mudstones. All the world's coal, most of its water and fossil fuels, and many mineral deposits occur in sedimentary rocks. Applied Sedimentology shows how the study of sediments aids the exploration for and exploitation of natural resources, including water, ores and hydrocarbons. * Completely revised edition; Like its precursor, it describes sediments from sand grains to sedimentary basins; Features up-to date account and critique of sequence and cyclostratigraphy * Extensively illustrated with photos and remotely sensed sea bed images describing sedimentary processes, products and depositional systems; Color plates illustrate sediment textures, lithologies, pore types, diagenetic textures, and carbonate and clastic sequence stratigraphic models* Emphasises the applications of sedimentology to the exploration for and exploitation of natural resources, including water, ores and hydrocarbons* Extensive references and up-to-date bibliography for further study
Book Synopsis Barite Nodules in Devonian Shale and Mudstone of Western Virginia by : Sandra H. B. Clark
Download or read book Barite Nodules in Devonian Shale and Mudstone of Western Virginia written by Sandra H. B. Clark and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Barite by : Thomas Marion Church
Download or read book Marine Barite written by Thomas Marion Church and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stable Isotope Geochemistry by : Jochen Hoefs
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic textbook is an introduction to the systematics and the use of stable isotopes in geosciences. It is subdivided into three parts: i) theoretical and experimental principles, ii) fractionation processes of light and heavy elements, iii) the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. Since the publication of the previous edition improvements in multi-collector ICP mass-spectrometry have increased the ability to measure isotope ratios with very high precision for many elements of the periodic table. The amount of published data has increased tremendously in the last years; thus, conclusions based on a limited database are now better constrained. In this new edition, therefore, 47 elements with resolvable natural variations in isotope composition are discussed. This increase of elements, together with advances in the calculation of equilibrium isotope fractionation using ab initio methods, has led to an unbelievable rise of publications, making substantial major revisions and extensions of the last edition necessary. Many new references have been added, which enable quick access to recent literature.
