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Parametric Study Of Turbine Blade Internal Cooling And Film Cooling
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Book Synopsis Parametric Study of Turbine Blade Internal Cooling and Film Cooling by : Akhilesh P. Rallabandi
Download or read book Parametric Study of Turbine Blade Internal Cooling and Film Cooling written by Akhilesh P. Rallabandi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbine engines are extensively used in the aviation and power generation industries. They are used as topping cycles in combined cycle power plants, or as stand alone power generation units. Gains in thermodynamic efficiency can be realized by increasing the turbine inlet temperatures. Since modern turbine inlet temperatures exceed the melting point of the constituent superalloys, it is necessary to provide an aggressive cooling system. Relatively cool air, ducted from the compressor of the engine is used to remove heat from the hot turbine blade. This air flows through passages in the hollow blade (internal cooling), and is also ejected onto the surface of the blade to form an insulating film (film cooling). Modern land-based gas turbine engines use high Reynolds number internal flow to cool their internal passages. The first part of this study focuses on experiments pertaining to passages with Reynolds numbers of up to 400,000. Common turbulator designs (45degree parallel sharp-edged and round-edged) ribs are studied. Older correlations are found to require corrections in order to be valid in the high Reynolds number parameter space. The effect of rotation on heat transfer in a typical three-pass serpentine channel is studied using a computational model with near-wall refinement. Results from this computational study indicate that the hub experiences abnormally high heat transfer under rotation. An experimental study is conducted at Buoyancy numbers similar to an actual engine on a wedge shaped model trailing edge, roughened with pin-fins and equipped with slot ejection. Results show an asymmetery between the leading and trailing surfaces due to rotation - a difference which is subdued due to the provision of pin-fins. Film cooling effectiveness is measured by the PSP mass transfer analogy technique in two different configurations: a flat plate and a typical high pressure turbine blade. Parameters studied include a step immediately upstream of a row of holes; the Strouhal number (quantifying rotor-stator interaction) and coolant to mainstream density ratio. Results show a deterioration in film cooling effectiveness with on increasing the Strouhal number. Using a coolant with a higher density results in higher film cooling effectiveness.
Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition by : Je-Chin Han
Download or read book Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition written by Je-Chin Han and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for engineers and researchers, Gas Turbine Heat Transfer and Cooling Technology, Second Edition has been completely revised and updated to reflect advances in the field made during the past ten years. The second edition retains the format that made the first edition so popular and adds new information mainly based on selected published papers in the open literature. See What’s New in the Second Edition: State-of-the-art cooling technologies such as advanced turbine blade film cooling and internal cooling Modern experimental methods for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling research Advanced computational models for gas turbine heat transfer and cooling performance predictions Suggestions for future research in this critical technology The book discusses the need for turbine cooling, gas turbine heat-transfer problems, and cooling methodology and covers turbine rotor and stator heat-transfer issues, including endwall and blade tip regions under engine conditions, as well as under simulated engine conditions. It then examines turbine rotor and stator blade film cooling and discusses the unsteady high free-stream turbulence effect on simulated cascade airfoils. From here, the book explores impingement cooling, rib-turbulent cooling, pin-fin cooling, and compound and new cooling techniques. It also highlights the effect of rotation on rotor coolant passage heat transfer. Coverage of experimental methods includes heat-transfer and mass-transfer techniques, liquid crystal thermography, optical techniques, as well as flow and thermal measurement techniques. The book concludes with discussions of governing equations and turbulence models and their applications for predicting turbine blade heat transfer and film cooling, and turbine blade internal cooling.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Part-to-Part Variability on Gas Turbine Blade Cooling by : Kelsey Mc Cormack
Download or read book Impacts of Part-to-Part Variability on Gas Turbine Blade Cooling written by Kelsey Mc Cormack and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbine inlet temperatures continue to increase in an effort to improve efficiency. Therefore, effective cooling of hot section components is necessary to reduce deterioration and maintain part life. Despite the best efforts of engine designers, coolant flow blockages or degradation of thermal barrier coatings will nevertheless occur during operation and lead to increased surface temperatures that reduce blade life. This phenomenon is especially prevalent in environments where sand or other small particles are ingested into engines. Part-to-part manufacturing variations also lead to significant changes in geometry relative to design intent that impact the flow and cooling effectiveness of turbine components, even when the deviations are within defined tolerances. This thesis examines part-to-part variations in geometry, flow, and cooling effectiveness for true scale turbine blades. A set of engine-run blades with varying levels of environmental deterioration was operated at engine-relevant conditions and surface temperature was measured using infrared thermography. These measurements were used to calculate cooling effectiveness and expected blade life. Blade flow parameter and cooling effectiveness were both high for blades operated in a benign environment, even though the benign run time blades had the highest run time of the blades measured. Blades operated in a harsh environment not only had lower cooling effectiveness, but also more variation in cooling effectiveness between blades. Film cooling trajectories were calculated for each set of blades tested, and showed that all engine-run blades had a significant reduction in maximum cooling effectiveness behind cooling holes with respect to a set of baseline blades. Cooling effectiveness values were then used to scale surface temperatures up to actual engine operating conditions extracted from the NASA E3 program. While lifing curves from previous literature were able to predict blade temperatures for benign environment blades, surface temperature increased much more than expected for harsh operator blades. A second study analyzed the flow performance and geometry of additively manufactured turbine blades with drilled film cooling holes. A benchtop flow rig was used to characterize flow through the full blade as well as isolated regions of the blade. While partial flow through specific regions of the blade did not match design intent, the total flow through the blade varied by less than 10% between the minimum and maximum flow blades at the design pressure ratio. Computed tomography scans were used to analyze the geometry of cooling features such as film cooling holes, crossover holes, turbulators, and pin fins. Shaped film cooling holes manufactured with a conventional electrical discharge machining (EDM) method were undersized throughout the entire cooling hole. A high-speed EDM method created holes that met design specifications in the metering section, but were also undersized at the hole exit. Additively manufactured features such as turbulators and pin fins were close to design intent shape and size, with the largest variations occurring on downskin surfaces that were unsupported during the build. Roughness was high on both internal and external blade surfaces, particularly for regions with the thinnest walls. This study demonstrated the viability of applying additively manufacturing and advanced hole drill methods to study new turbine cooling technologies at an accelerated timeline and reduced cost.
Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Blade Cooling by : Chaitanya D Ghodke
Download or read book Gas Turbine Blade Cooling written by Chaitanya D Ghodke and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines play an extremely important role in fulfilling a variety of power needs and are mainly used for power generation and propulsion applications. The performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines are to a large extent dependent on turbine rotor inlet temperatures: typically, the hotter the better. In gas turbines, the combustion temperature and the fuel efficiency are limited by the heat transfer properties of the turbine blades. However, in pushing the limits of hot gas temperatures while preventing the melting of blade components in high-pressure turbines, the use of effective cooling technologies is critical. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature also increases heat transferred to the turbine blade, and it is possible that the operating temperature could reach far above permissible metal temperature. In such cases, insufficient cooling of turbine blades results in excessive thermal stress on the blades causing premature blade failure. This may bring hazards to the engine's safe operation. Gas Turbine Blade Cooling, edited by Dr. Chaitanya D. Ghodke, offers 10 handpicked SAE International's technical papers, which identify key aspects of turbine blade cooling and help readers understand how this process can improve the performance of turbine hardware.
Book Synopsis Survey of Advantages and Problems Associated with Transpiration Cooling and Film Cooling of Gas-turbine Blades by : Ernst Rudolf Georg Eckert
Download or read book Survey of Advantages and Problems Associated with Transpiration Cooling and Film Cooling of Gas-turbine Blades written by Ernst Rudolf Georg Eckert and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: Transpiration and film cooling promise to be effective methods of cooling gas-turbine blades; consequently, analytical and experimental investigations are being conducted to obtain a better understanding of these processes. This report serves as an introduction to these cooling methods, explains the physical processes, and surveys the information available for predicting blade temperatures and heat-transfer rates. In addition, the difficulties encountered in obtaining a uniform blade temperature are discussed, and the possibilities of correcting these difficulties are indicated. Air is the only coolant considered in the application of these cooling methods.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781793995360 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (953 download)
Book Synopsis Analysis of Turbine Blade Relative Cooling Flow Factor Used in the Subroutine Coolit Based on Film Cooling Correlations by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Analysis of Turbine Blade Relative Cooling Flow Factor Used in the Subroutine Coolit Based on Film Cooling Correlations written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat transfer correlations of data on flat plates are used to explore the parameters in the Coolit program used for calculating the quantity of cooling air for controlling turbine blade temperature. Correlations for both convection and film cooling are explored for their relevance to predicting blade temperature as a function of a total cooling flow which is split between external film and internal convection flows. Similar trends to those in Coolit are predicted as a function of the percent of the total cooling flow that is in the film. The exceptions are that no film or 100 percent convection is predicted to not be able to control blade temperature, while leaving less than 25 percent of the cooling flow in the convection path results in nearing a limit on convection cooling as predicted by a thermal effectiveness parameter not presently used in Coolit. Schneider, Steven J. Glenn Research Center WBS 475122.02.03.02.02
Book Synopsis Heat Transfer in Gas Turbines by : Bengt Sundén
Download or read book Heat Transfer in Gas Turbines written by Bengt Sundén and published by Witpress. This book was released on 2001 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title presents and reflects current active research on various heat transfer topics and related phenomena in gas turbine systems. It begins with a general introduction to gas turbine heat transfer, before moving on to specific areas.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Turbine Blade Platform Film Cooling and Rotational Effect on Trailing Edge Internal Cooling by : Lesley Mae Wright
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Turbine Blade Platform Film Cooling and Rotational Effect on Trailing Edge Internal Cooling written by Lesley Mae Wright and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work has been an experimental investigation to evaluate the applicability of gas turbine cooling technology. With the temperature of the mainstream gas entering the turbine elevated above the melting temperature of the metal components, these components must be cooled, so they can withstand prolonged exposure to the mainstream gas. Both external and internal cooling techniques have been studied as a means to increase the life of turbine components. Detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions have been obtained on the turbine blade platform with a variety of cooling configurations. Because the newly developed pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique has proven to be the most suitable technique for measuring the film effectiveness, it was applied to a variety of platform seal configurations and discrete film flows. From the measurements it was shown advanced seals provide more uniform protection through the passage with less potential for ingestion of the hot mainstream gases into the engine cavity. In addition to protecting the outer surface of the turbine components, via film cooling, heat can also be removed from the components internally. Because the turbine blades are rotating within the engine, it is important to consider the effect of rotation on the heat transfer enhancement within the airfoil cooling channels. Through this experimental investigation, the heat transfer enhancement has been measured in narrow, rectangular channels with various turbulators. The present experimental investigation has shown the turbulators, coupled with the rotation induced Coriolis and buoyancy forces, result in non-uniform levels of heat transfer enhancement in the cooling channels. Advanced turbulator configurations can be used to provide increased heat transfer enhancement. Although these designs result in increased frictional losses, the benefit of the heat transfer enhancement outweighs the frictional losses.
Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Blade Cooling by : Chaitanya D Ghodke
Download or read book Gas Turbine Blade Cooling written by Chaitanya D Ghodke and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas turbines play an extremely important role in fulfilling a variety of power needs and are mainly used for power generation and propulsion applications. The performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines are to a large extent dependent on turbine rotor inlet temperatures: typically, the hotter the better. In gas turbines, the combustion temperature and the fuel efficiency are limited by the heat transfer properties of the turbine blades. However, in pushing the limits of hot gas temperatures while preventing the melting of blade components in high-pressure turbines, the use of effective cooling technologies is critical. Increasing the turbine inlet temperature also increases heat transferred to the turbine blade, and it is possible that the operating temperature could reach far above permissible metal temperature. In such cases, insufficient cooling of turbine blades results in excessive thermal stress on the blades causing premature blade failure. This may bring hazards to the engine's safe operation. Gas Turbine Blade Cooling, edited by Dr. Chaitanya D. Ghodke, offers 10 handpicked SAE International's technical papers, which identify key aspects of turbine blade cooling and help readers understand how this process can improve the performance of turbine hardware.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Air-cooled Turbine Blades in Turbojet Engine by : Vernon L. Arne
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Air-cooled Turbine Blades in Turbojet Engine written by Vernon L. Arne and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Film Cooling and End Wall Heat Transfer in Small Turbine Blade Passages by :
Download or read book Film Cooling and End Wall Heat Transfer in Small Turbine Blade Passages written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two topics have been studied related to the cooling of the end wall of a turbine passage. The first concerns the development of a method for measuring the adiabatic wall effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient of a film cooling system for protecting a surface from high heating derived from a hot compressible flow. The second concerns the measurement of the heat transfer rate distribution to a turbine cascade end wall in order to choose an appropriate film cooling system. These are related to providing the background to the final phase of the study in which the effectiveness of a film cooling system to cool a turbine end wall will be made combined with the measurement of the aerodynamic losses incurred by such a system. (Author).
Book Synopsis A Parametric Study of Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling by : Z. J. Zuo
Download or read book A Parametric Study of Heat Pipe Turbine Vane Cooling written by Z. J. Zuo and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Orlando, FL, Jun 2 - Jun 5, 1997.
Book Synopsis Measurements of Heat Transfer, Flow, and Pressures in a Simulated Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Passage by : Louis M. Russell
Download or read book Measurements of Heat Transfer, Flow, and Pressures in a Simulated Turbine Blade Internal Cooling Passage written by Louis M. Russell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental study was made to obtain quantitative information on heat transfer, flow, and pressure distribution in a branched duct test section that had several significant features of an internal cooling passage of a turbine blade. The objective of this study was to generate a set of experimental data that could be used for validation of computer codes that would be used to model internal cooling. Surface heat transfer coefficients and entrance flow conditions were measured at nominal entrance Reynolds numbers of 45 000, 335 000, and 726 000. Heat transfer data were obtained by using a steady-state technique in which an Inconel heater sheet is attached to the surface and coated with liquid crystals. Visual and quantitative flow-field data from particle image velocimetry measurements for a plane at midchannel height for a Reynolds number of 45 000 were also obtained. The flow was seeded with polystyrene particles and illuminated by a laser light sheet. Pressure distribution measurements were made both on the surface with discrete holes and in the flow field with a total pressure probe. The flow-field measurements yielded flow-field velocities at selected locations. A relatively new method, pressure sensitive paint, was also used to measure surface pressure distribution. The pressure paint data obtained at Reynolds numbers of 335 000 and 726 000 compared well with the more standard method of measuring pressures by using discrete holes.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Various Parametric Influences on Leading Edge Film Cooling by : Michael W. Cruse
Download or read book Investigation of Various Parametric Influences on Leading Edge Film Cooling written by Michael W. Cruse and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhibition, Orlando, FL, Jun 2 - Jun 5, 1997.
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Gas Turbine Blade Film Cooling and Internal Turbulated Heat Transfer at Large Reynolds Numbers by : Shantanu Mhetras
Download or read book Experimental Study of Gas Turbine Blade Film Cooling and Internal Turbulated Heat Transfer at Large Reynolds Numbers written by Shantanu Mhetras and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Film cooling effectiveness on a gas turbine blade tip on the near tip pressure side and on the squealer cavity floor is investigated. Optimal arrangement of film cooling holes, effect of a full squealer and a cutback squealer, varying blowing ratios and squealer cavity depth are also examined on film cooling effectiveness. The film-cooling effectiveness distributions are measured on the blade tip, near tip pressure side and the inner pressure and suction side rim walls using a Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique. A blowing ratio of 1.0 is found to give best results on the pressure side whereas the other tip surfaces give best results for blowing ratios of 2. Film cooling effectiveness tests are also performed on the span of a fully-cooled high pressure turbine blade in a 5 bladed linear cascade using the PSP technique. Film cooling effectiveness over the entire blade region is determined from full coverage film cooling, showerhead cooling and from each individual row with and without an upstream wake. The effect of superposition of film cooling effectiveness from each individual row is then compared with full coverage film cooling. Results show that an upstream wake can result in lower film cooling effectiveness on the blade. Effectiveness magnitudes from superposition of effectiveness data from individual rows are comparable with that from full coverage film cooling. Internal heat transfer measurements are also performed in a high aspect ratio channel and from jet array impingement on a turbulated target wall at large Reynolds numbers. For the channel, three dimple and one discrete rib configurations are tested on one of the wide walls for Reynolds numbers up to 1.3 million. The presence of a turbulated wall and its effect on heat transfer enhancement against a smooth surface is investigated. Heat transfer enhancement is found to decrease at high Re with the discrete rib configurations providing the best enhancement but highest pressure losses. Experiments to investigate heat transfer and pressure loss from jet array impingement are also performed on the target wall at Reynolds numbers up to 450,000. The heat transfer from a turbulated target wall and two jet plates is investigated. A target wall with short pins provides the best heat transfer with the dimpled target wall giving the lowest heat transfer among the three geometries studied.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Combined Convective and Film Cooling on an Existing Turbine Blade by :
Download or read book Analysis of Combined Convective and Film Cooling on an Existing Turbine Blade written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To support gas turbine operators NLR is developing capabilities for life assessment of hot engine components. As a typical example the first rotor blades of the high pressure (HP) turbine of the F-lOO-PW-220 military turbofan will be discussed. For these blades tools have been developed to derive the blade temperature history from flight data obtained from F-16 missions. The resulting relative life consumption estimate should support the Royal Netherlands Air Force in their engine maintenance activities. The present paper describes the prediction method for the blade temperature based on reverse engineering. Input data are the flight data of the engine performance parameters and the geometry of the HP turbine blades and vanes including film cooling orifices. The engine performance parameters are converted in HP turbine entry and exit conditions by the NLR Gas Turbine Simulation Program (GSP) engine model. Next a Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) tool is used to calculate the resulting flow field and heat transfer coefficients without film cooling. An engineering method is used to predict the internal cooling and the resulting film injection temperature. The film cooling efficiency is estimated and a finite element method (FEM) for heat conduction completes the analysis tool. The method is illustrated by results obtained for the engine design point.
Book Synopsis Leading Edge Film Cooling Effects on Turbine Blade Heat Transfer by : Vijay K. Garg
Download or read book Leading Edge Film Cooling Effects on Turbine Blade Heat Transfer written by Vijay K. Garg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented at the International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, Houston, Texas - June 5-8, 1995.
