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Author : Mark Mika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Palladium-copper Alloys for Hydrogen Separation Membranes written by Mark Mika and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during the first year of research funding from DOE Grant No. DE-FG26-03NT41792 at the Colorado School of Mines. The period of performance was September 1, 2003 through August of 2004. Composite membranes, consisting of a thin Pd alloy film supported on a porous substrate have been investigated as a means of reducing the membrane cost and improving H[sub 2] flux. An electroless plating technique was utilized to deposit subsequent layers of palladium and copper over zirconia and alumina-based microfilters. The composite membranes thus made were annealed and tested at temperatures ranging from 250 to 500 C, under very high feed pressures (up to 450 psig) using pure gases and gaseous mixtures containing H[sub 2], CO, CO[sub 2], H[sub 2]O and H[sub 2]S, with the purpose of determining the effects these variables had on the H[sub 2] permeation rate, selectivity and percent recovery. The inhibition caused by CO/CO[sub 2] gases on a 7 [micro]m thick Pd-Cu composite membrane was less than 17% over a wide range of compositions at 350 C. H[sub 2]S caused a strong inhibition of the H[sub 2] flux of the same Pd-Cu composite membrane, which is accentuated at levels of 100 ppm or higher. The membrane was exposed to 50 ppm three times without permanent damage. At higher H[sub 2]S levels, above 100 ppm the membrane suffered some physical degradation and its performances was severely affected. The use of sweep gases improved the hydrogen flux and recovery of a Pd-Cu composite membrane. Recently, we have been able to dramatically reduce the thickness of these Pd alloy membranes to approximately one micron. This is significant because at this thickness, it is the cost of the porous support that controls the materials cost of a composite Pd alloy membrane, not the palladium inventory. Very recent results show that the productivity of our membranes is very high, essentially meeting the DOE pure hydrogen flux target value set by the DOE Hydrogen Program. These results were obtained when a 1.3-micron-thick Pd[sub 95]Cu[sub 5] (composition given in mass %) alloy film was coated on a Pall Corporation Membralox[reg-sign] T1-70 tubular ceramic substrate. The flux of this membrane would be even higher if the alloy composition was 40 wt. % Cu.
Author : J. Douglas Way
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Palladium/Copper Alloy Composite Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen Separation written by J. Douglas Way and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during the a three year University Coal Research grant (DEFG26-03NT41792) at the Colorado School of Mines. The period of performance was September 1, 2003 through August of 2006. We made excellent progress toward our goal of contributing to the development of high productivity, sulfur tolerant composite metal membranes for hydrogen production and membrane reactors. Composite Pd and Pd alloy metal membranes with thin metal films (1-7 {micro}m) were prepared on porous stainless steel and ceramic supports that meet or exceed the DOE 2010 and 2015 pure hydrogen flux targets at differential pressure of only 20 psi. For example, a 2 {micro}m pure Pd membrane on a Pall AccuSep{reg_sign} substrate achieved an ideal H{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation factor of over 6000, with a pure hydrogen flux of 210 SCFH/ft{sup 2} at only 20 psig feed pressure. Similar performance was achieved with a Pd{sub 80}Au{sub 20} composite membrane on a similar stainless steel substrate. Extrapolating the pure hydrogen flux of this PdAu membrane to the DOE Fossil Energy target conditions of 150 psia feed pressure and 50 psia permeate pressure gives a value of 508 SCFH/ft{sup 2}, exceeding the 2015 target. At these thicknesses, it is the support cost that will dominate the cost of a large scale module. In a direct comparison of FCC phase PdCu and PdAu alloys on identical supports, we showed that a Pd{sub 85}Au{sub 15} (mass %) alloy membrane is not inhibited by CO, CO{sub 2}, or steam present in a water-gas shift feed mixture at 400 C, has better resistance to sulfur than a Pd{sub 94}Cu{sub 6} membrane, and has over twice the hydrogen permeance.
Download or read book PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For hydrogen from coal gasification to be used economically, processing approaches that produce a high purity gas must be developed. Palladium and its alloys, nickel, platinum and the metals in Groups 3 to 5 of the Periodic Table are all permeable to hydrogen. Hydrogen permeable metal membranes made of palladium and its alloys are the most widely studied due to their high hydrogen permeability, chemical compatibility with many hydrocarbon containing gas streams, and infinite hydrogen selectivity. Our Pd composite membranes have demonstrated stable operation at 450 C for over 70 days. Coal derived synthesis gas will contain up to 15000 ppm H[sub 2]S as well as CO, CO[sub 2], N[sub 2] and other gases. Highly selectivity membranes are necessary to reduce the H[sub 2]S concentration to acceptable levels for solid oxide and other fuel cell systems. Pure Pd-membranes are poisoned by sulfur, and suffer from mechanical problems caused by thermal cycling and hydrogen embrittlement. Recent advances have shown that Pd-Cu composite membranes are not susceptible to the mechanical, embrittlement, and poisoning problems that have prevented widespread industrial use of Pd for high temperature H[sub 2] separation. These membranes consist of a thin ([le] 5[micro]m) film of metal deposited on the inner surface of a porous metal or ceramic tube. With support from this DOE Grant, we have fabricated thin, high flux Pd-Cu alloy composite membranes using a sequential electroless plating approach. Thin, Pd[sub 60]Cu[sub 40] films exhibit a hydrogen flux more than ten times larger than commercial polymer membranes for H[sub 2] separation, resist poisoning by H[sub 2]S and other sulfur compounds typical of coal gas, and exceed the DOE Fossil Energy target hydrogen flux of 80 ml/cm[sup 2][center-dot] min= 0.6 mol/m[sup 2][center-dot] s for a feed pressure of 40 psig. Similar Pd-membranes have been operated at temperatures as high as 750 C. We have developed practical electroless plating procedures for fabrication of thin Pd-Cu composite membranes at any scale.
Author : G. Alefeld
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Hydrogen in Metals: Application-oriented properties written by G. Alefeld and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A Doukelis
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1782422412
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Palladium Membrane Technology for Hydrogen Production, Carbon Capture and Other Applications written by A Doukelis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-20 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to their outstanding hydrogen selectivity, palladium membranes have attracted extensive R&D interest. They are a potential breakthrough technology for hydrogen production and also have promising applications in the areas of thermochemical biorefining. This book summarises key research in palladium membrane technologies, with particular focus on the scale-up challenges. After an introductory chapter, Part one reviews the fabrication of palladium membranes. Part two then focuses on palladium membrane module and reactor design. The final part of the book reviews the operation of palladium membranes for synthesis gas/hydrogen production, carbon capture and other applications. Review of manufacture and design issues for palladium membranes Discussion of the applications of palladium membrane technology, including solar steam reforming, IGCC plants, NGCC plants, CHP plants and hydrogen production Examples of the technology in operation
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Development of Palladium Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two types of palladium composite membrane were investigated for hydrogen separation. A palladium alloy membrane was prepared by electroless plating a layer of palladium (≈20 [mu]m) and then copper onto a commercially available porous (nominal 0.2 [mu]m pores) [alpha]-alumina substrate. The resulting multilayer metal film was annealed at 355 C for several days to promote metallic interdiffusion and alloy formation. During the heat treatment, a maximum hydrogen flux of 0.15 mol (STP)/m2 · s was observed at 355 C and a pressure drop ([Delta]P) across the membrane of 6.8 atm. The H2/Ar ideal separation factor was 68 at these conditions, however, the separation factor decreased upon thermal cycling. The other type of membrane fabricated was a palladium coated vanadium-copper alloy foil where the main advantage is the reduction in palladium film coating thickness to 100 nm per side. New methods are being developed for welding the thin foil into modules for testing. The hydrogen flux through a pinhole-free, 75 [mu]m thick Pd/VCu{sub 1.1}/Pd (atomic %) composite membrane was 0.66 mol (STP)/m2 · at 350 C and [Delta]P = 3.5 atm compared to 0.44 mol (STP)/m2 · s for a 71 [mu]m thick Pd/VCu10/Pd membrane. Vanadium alloy composition was checked using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
Author : Stephen Nick Paglieri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)
Download or read book Palladium and Palladium-copper Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by Stephen Nick Paglieri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arun C. Bose
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387345264
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Inorganic Membranes for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Arun C. Bose and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research interest in inorganic membrane materials and processes has significantly increased in recent years due to novel, potentially low-cost energy and fuel production applications. This book documents the recent progress in membrane science, especially in advanced materials and novel reaction and separation concepts. The book classifies membranes based on the mechanism of operation, i.e., size exclusion filtration, solution-diffusion, and mixed ion-electron conduction of the permeate streams. This is the first book on the use of inorganic membranes for fuel and energy applications.
Download or read book Palladium Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR PRODUCING SELF SUPPORTED PALLADIUM ALLOY MEMBRANES FOR USE IN EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF COAL DERIVED HYDROGEN. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competed fabrication of an initial series of copper and palladium-copper alloy membranes in the range of 1-8 microns in thickness up to 6 inch x 8 inch in area. Films were produced using both e-beam evaporation (with and without ion assist) and magnetron sputtering from a 60%Pd/40%Cu alloy target. Pure copper and palladium-copper alloy films, with essential no intrinsic stress, were produced on both polystyrene and polyvinyl alcohol substrates. Various processing parameters and techniques were investigated in order to minimize defects and maximize uniformity in single layer films. Even though films to date are visually defect free, we are able to observe sub-micron size defects using a backlighting technique; we are currently investigating a number of methods to create a gas impermeable membrane. At present, the metal films are effectively removed from the polymer backing material by merely immersing the film in an appropriate solvent; chloroform for the polystyrene and water for the PVA. In the future we plan to investigate alternative methods for removing the polymer backing that are more suited to large scale, low-cost manufacturing.
Download or read book High Permeance Sulfur Tolerant Pd/Cu Alloy Membranes written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A method of making a membrane permeable to hydrogen gas (H.sub. 2.uparw.) is disclosed. The membrane is made by forming a palladium layer, depositing a layer of copper on the palladium layer, and galvanically displacing a portion of the copper with palladium. The membrane has improved resistance to poisoning by H.sub. 2S compared to a palladium membrane. The membrane also has increased permeance of hydrogen gas compared to palladium-copper alloys. The membrane can be annealed at a lower temperature for a shorter amount of time.
Author : Scott M. Fisher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (555 download)
Download or read book The Construction of Palladium and Palladium-alloy Supported Membranes for Hydrogen Separation Using Supercritical Fluid Deposition written by Scott M. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thijs Peters
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977020
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Pd-based Membranes written by Thijs Peters and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palladium (Pd)-based membranes have received a great deal of attention from both academia and industry thanks to their ability to selectively separate hydrogen from gas streams. The integration of such membranes with appropriate catalysts in membrane reactors allows for hydrogen production with CO2 capture that can be applied in smaller bioenergy or combined heat and power (CHP) plants, as well as in large-scale power plants. Pd-based membranes are therefore regarded as a Key Enabling Technology (KET) to facilitate the transition towards a knowledge-based, low-carbon, and resource-efficient economy. This Special Issue of the journal Membranes on “Pd-based Membranes: Overview and Perspectives” contains nine peer-reviewed articles. Topics include manufacturing techniques, understanding of material phenomena, module and reactor design, novel applications, and demonstration efforts and industrial exploitation.
Author : Fernando Roa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Palladium-copper Composite Membranes written by Fernando Roa and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marcello De Falco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0857291513
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (572 download)
Download or read book Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes written by Marcello De Falco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes deals with technological and economic aspects of hydrogen selective membranes application in hydrogen production chemical processes. Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes starts with an overview of membrane integration in the chemical reaction environment, formulating the thermodynamics and kinetics of membrane reactors and assessing the performance of different process architectures. Then, the state of the art of hydrogen selective membranes, membrane manufacturing processes and the mathematical modeling of membrane reactors are discussed. A review of the most useful applications from an industrial point of view is given. These applications include: natural gas steam reforming, autothermal reforming, water gas shift reaction, decomposition of hydrogen sulphide, and alkanes dehydrogenation. The final part is dedicated to the description of a pilot plant where the novel configuration was implemented at a semi-industrial scale. Plant engineers, researchers and postgraduate students will find Membrane Reactors for Hydrogen Production Processes a comprehensive guide to the state of the art of membrane reactor technology.
Author : Anthony F. Sammells
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527608583
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Nonporous Inorganic Membranes written by Anthony F. Sammells and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book addresses the evolution of materials for both oxygen and hydrogen transport membranes and offers strategies for their fabrication as well as their subsequent incorporation into catalytic membrane reactors. Other chapters deal with, e.g., engineering design and scale-up issues, strategies for preparation of supported thin-film membranes, or interfacial kinetic and mass transfer issues. A must for materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers and electrochemists interested in advanced chemical processing.
