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Overwinter Survival And Growth Of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch In Freshwater Creek California
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Book Synopsis Overwinter Survival and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, in Freshwater Creek, California by : Jennifer J. Hauer
Download or read book Overwinter Survival and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, in Freshwater Creek, California written by Jennifer J. Hauer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overwinter Survival and Redistribution of Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, in Prairie Creek, California by : Tancy R. Moore
Download or read book Overwinter Survival and Redistribution of Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, in Prairie Creek, California written by Tancy R. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the summer of 2012, juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Prairie Creek, California and its tributaries were marked using PIT tags to monitor winter redistribution and estimate overwinter growth and survival. Since a substantial number of juvenile coho salmon in the Prairie Creek watershed may rear in freshwater for two years, a scale sample analysis was also conducted to determine what proportion of the 2012 population was exhibiting a two-year freshwater residency. The Cormack-Jolly-Seber model and Program MARK were used to examine how rearing location, size at tagging, habitat unit depth, and volume of large woody debris affected overwinter survival. I found that 98.6% of juveniles in 2012 were age 0, and apparent overwinter survival was 39.4%. On average, juveniles experienced a 0.13% increase in length per day and 0.35% increase in weight per day, with the smallest fish experiencing the highest growth rates. Fish that were larger in fall and tagged closer to the confluence of Prairie Creek had higher apparent overwinter survival, but habitat depth and quantity of large woody debris did not appear to impact survival probability. Large juveniles appeared to have low survival near the confluence of Prairie Creek; however, the model could not distinguish deaths from emigration, meaning the high mortality rate for large juveniles near the mouth may actually reflect a pattern of early emigration from the study area. Since juveniles that migrate to sea prior to spring trapping are typically treated as mortalities, these results have important implications for the way managers estimate freshwater survival for coho salmon.
Book Synopsis A Time- and State-based Approach to Estimate Winter Movement and Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek, California by : Nicholas Van Vleet
Download or read book A Time- and State-based Approach to Estimate Winter Movement and Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek, California written by Nicholas Van Vleet and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounting for life history diversity and overwinter survival of juvenile Coho Salmon is important to inform restoration and recovery efforts for this threatened species. Multiple seaward migration patterns of Coho Salmon have been identified, including spring fry migrants, fall and winter parr migrants, and spring smolt migrants. Previous studies have indicated that spring smolt migrants have low overwinter survival rates while they are rearing in upstream habitats, suggesting that freshwater overwinter survival may be one factor that limits smolt production. However, previous research did not account for the early emigration of fall and winter parr migrants from the study area, which most likely negatively biased their overwinter survival estimates. Furthermore, previous mark-recapture methods aggregated continuous detection data into course seasonal scales in order to estimate movement and survival. In an effort to refine previous methodology, I developed a multi-state model that allowed for estimation of early emigration and survival rates in space and time by having weekly time-varying occasions paired with discrete spatial states.
Book Synopsis Survival, Growth, and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Over-wintering in Alcoves, Backwaters, and Main Channel Pools in Prairie Creek, California by : Ethan Bell
Download or read book Survival, Growth, and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Over-wintering in Alcoves, Backwaters, and Main Channel Pools in Prairie Creek, California written by Ethan Bell and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Overwinter Survival and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Relation to Large Woody Debris and Low-velocity Habitat in Northern California Streams by : John D. Deibner-Hanson
Download or read book Overwinter Survival and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Relation to Large Woody Debris and Low-velocity Habitat in Northern California Streams written by John D. Deibner-Hanson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some studies suggest that Coho Salmon populations are limited by overwinter survival as a result of insufficient winter habitat. While many small-scale projects aim to define reach and basin-level habitat requirements for Coho Salmon, large-scale studies that assess multiple independent populations remain few. For my research, I quantified large woody debris (LWD) by volume and low-velocity rearing habitat (LVH) as percent area in three coastal watersheds of similar size in northern California to untangle the relationships between Coho Salmon overwinter survival, emigration timing and specific winter habitats. I used mark-recapture techniques with PIT tags to formulate Cormack-Jolly-Seber models for each of three years (2013-2015) to (1) estimate apparent overwinter survival of juvenile Coho Salmon populations, (2) determine to what extent outmigration timing varies among basins, and (3) evaluate the relationships between reach-specific survival, movement and winter habitat. LWD volume ranged from 47.8 to 109.9 cubic meters per kilometer among stream reaches while LVH area spanned from 9.3% to 23.6% of total stream area per reach. Effects of LWD on apparent overwinter survival and early emigration were absent during all three years of the study. Effects of LVH were not observed during 2013 and 2014. In 2015, LVH correlated positively with apparent overwinter survival and negatively with emigration. Larger Coho Salmon had higher apparent overwinter survival rates than small fish, whereas smaller fish had greater emigrations rates before spring. Mean apparent overwinter survival varied by basin from 0.052 to 0.567 but basins maintained consistency across years. Early emigration rates ranged even further by basin (0.023-0.773). Variation in both apparent overwinter survival and early emigration was much greater among basins than within basins. A lot remains to be learned regarding how habitat affects the migratory behavior of Coho Salmon in California and these results suggest the effects may vary significantly by stream. The drastic life history differences observed in neighboring Coho Salmon populations demonstrate the plasticity in a species once thought to be relatively inflexible. Moving forward, incorporating multi-basin approaches should be considered when evaluating freshwater survival and movement to inform large-scale restoration and conservation.
Book Synopsis Influence of Body Size, Intra- and Inter-specific Salmonid Densities, and Habitat on Overwinter Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Prairie Creek, California by : Peter Drobny
Download or read book Influence of Body Size, Intra- and Inter-specific Salmonid Densities, and Habitat on Overwinter Survival of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Prairie Creek, California written by Peter Drobny and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I evaluated the effects of fish length, habitat attributes, and densities of Coho Salmon and trout on overwinter survival of juvenile Coho Salmon in Prairie Creek, California. Survival of PIT tagged juvenile Coho Salmon was estimated using a Cormack-Jolly-Seber Model based on mark-recapture data from seine net captures, PIT tag antenna detections, and a rotary screw trap. A zero inflated Poisson binomial model, based on a 2-pass snorkeling methodology, estimated pool-specific abundance of juvenile Coho Salmon while accounting for variable snorkeler detection efficiency as well as estimating the effect of habitat attributes on density. Trout densities were obtained using raw snorkel counts. Overwinter survival of PIT tagged juvenile Coho Salmon during 2014-2015 was estimated to be 0.35 (95% CI 0.30-0.40), similar to survival estimates for Prairie Creek in previous years. Survival increased with fish length and decreased with intraspecific density. There was no evidence that density of small (150 mm) trout, large (150 mm) trout, or habitat attributes influenced survival. Estimated density of juvenile Coho Salmon in pools averaged 0.5 fish/m2 (n= 159) and ranged from 0- 2.2 fish/m2, consistent with regional density values within the Pacific Northwest. Juvenile Coho Salmon density estimates declined with cover complexity and watershed area, and increased with pool depth. Probability of detecting a fish while snorkeling varied with habitat features and among observers; estimated probability of detection averaged 0.63 (n=318) and ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 across snorkel passes.This study not only continued valuable monitoring of juvenile Coho Salmon overwinter survival in the southern portion of their range, but also determined factors that may be contributing to survival rates. In addition, this study successfully applied a relatively new hierarchical modeling technique (N-mixture model) to estimate juvenile Coho Salmon densities using non-invasive methods.
Book Synopsis Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California by : Sean M. Cochran
Download or read book Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California written by Sean M. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations are at low abundance and factors governing recruitment variability remain unclear. Changes in freshwater habitat that increase juvenile growth and size of salmon outmigrating to sea (smolts) may improve ocean survival. The best data to evaluate this among wild coho salmon populations in California come from life-cycle monitoring (LCM) stations. This study investigated whether marine survival is size-dependent (larger individuals within a cohort have higher marine survival) and whether sites and years with higher growth have higher marine survival across five LCM locations. I tested for size-dependent survival using two techniques: comparing the size of outmigrating smolts and back-calculated smolt sizes from scales of adult fish that survived to return; and using information from fish that were tagged as smolts and survived to return as adults. Analyses comparing smolt sizes back-calculated from adult scales and observed lengths from smolt traps indicated that within-year size-dependent mortality at sea occurred among many outmigrant cohorts, while analyses using smolt lengths of recaptured adult fish tagged as juveniles did not indicate any within-cohort size-selective mortality at sea. Potential explanations for the conflicting results include errors in scale back-calculation; smolts growing in habitats below smolt traps prior to ocean entrance; and fish with alternative juvenile life histories that were unaccounted for in outmigrant sampling surviving and contributing to the adult populations. In regressions across sites and years, marine survival was positively associated with early marine growth measured from the scales of surviving adult salmon and in some instances marine survival was also positively associated with mean fork length of outmigrating smolts. Although size may be an important determinant of ocean survival, this study shows that comparison of back-calculated smolts sizes from scales of adult fish and observed lengths of smolts at an upstream trapping location are unreliable approaches for testing size-selective mortality. This study also provides support for expanding studies at LCM stations to determine how juvenile coho salmon use habitat downstream of migrant trapping locations.
Book Synopsis Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon by : Paul M. Iwanaga
Download or read book Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon written by Paul M. Iwanaga and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environment and Behavior Affecting Growth and Development of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch). by : Jennifer Lee Nielsen
Download or read book Environment and Behavior Affecting Growth and Development of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch). written by Jennifer Lee Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry by :
Download or read book A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rely on unique habitats during the winter season, which may dictate how much individuals may growth and when migration from freshwater rearing habitat to the ocean occurs. Here I analyze movement timing and growth patterns for coho salmon through a field-based study and a literature review. For the field portion, I examined hatchery-stocked juvenile coho salmon across four stream basins in the Russian River watershed, California to determine the relative importance of climate, landscape, and fish size metrics in predicting movement and growth patterns over a winter rearing and spring smolt outmigration time period (December 2014-June 2015). I observed three unique movement strategies: winter parr movement, spring smolt movement, and inter-tributary movement. Movement was predicted in relation to daily temperature and precipitation, followed by in-stream and upslope basin conditions in random forest modeling. Specifically, fish that moved later were associated with basins that contained higher productivity and low-gradient floodplain habitats, while fish that moved earlier came from streams that lacked invertebrate prey and had limited low-gradient rearing habitat. Fish size and timing of movement were the primary predictors of growth, with relatively larger fish in the spring growing faster than fish that were relatively smaller prior to winter. These relationships suggest that hatchery-release fish are still highly influenced by environmental conditions once released, especially in terms of initial seasonal movement, and that watershed conditions should be considered when utilizing hatchery-rearing programs to supplement wild fish populations. In North America, coho salmon populations are distributed from Alaska through California, and may exhibit unique movement and growth patterns in relationship to population-scale vulnerability (Endangered Species Act listing), basin area, and availability and types of rearing habitat. For the second part of my thesis, I conducted a literature review to assess what factors are commonly considered in predicting movement and growth patterns for these fish, as well as the types (season and life stage) and number of movement strategies reported. Eighteen studies were summarized, of which sixteen identified unique movement strategies, ranging from one to four. Despite a wide range of basin areas and latitudes, winter parr and spring smolt movements were commonly observed, with authors primarily relating these behaviors to in-stream habitat and fish size metrics. Additionally, growth was linked positively and primarily with off-channel winter rearing, which may outweigh the importance of fish size in predicting growth when high quality rearing habitats are available during the winter season. Recognizing movement timing diversity and its drivers can help recover threatened coho salmon populations. More widely distributed populations may have unique phenotypic expressions based on localized genetic and environmental interactions, increasing diversity and overall stability across the population, a concept known as the portfolio effect. Understanding fish-habitat relationships can aid recovery efforts by providing a framework of climatic and watershed conditions that support unique behaviors, even in already severely limited populations.
Book Synopsis A Population Model for Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek by : Gabriel Scheer
Download or read book A Population Model for Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kisutch) in Freshwater Creek written by Gabriel Scheer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historic land use practices and associated habitat degradation have led to significant declines in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch ) populations across their range. In California they are a state and federally listed species, requiring population monitoring and management plans tailored towards recovery. Traditionally, juvenile coho salmon in California were thought to spend approximately one year in their natal freshwater habitats before migrating to sea the following spring and summer as smolts. However, recent work has documented considerable variation in juvenile life history and migration timing. Specifically, juveniles that migrate downstream prior to one year of age and spend their winter rearing in estuary habitat have been shown to produce significant adult returns. Using 14 years of life-stage-specific survival and movement data collected on Freshwater Creek in northern California, I constructed a habitat-base life cycle model to evaluate expected population response to restoration actions, and to incorporate life history diversity into population projections. This modeling effort is divided into three sections: (1) parameterize stage specific survival rates and probability of expressing an early emigrant life history; (2) conduct sensitivity analysis to quantify which life stages are most influential in determining population status; (3) use stochastic simulations to quantitatively evaluate how population dynamics and extinction risk are affected by inclusion of life history diversity and alternative restoration scenarios. The resulting analyses showed that, across locations and years, between 3-29% of juvenile coho are early migrants to the stream estuary ecotone during their first winter. The majority of early migrants originated in the main-stem reaches lower in the watershed. Subsequent sensitivity analysis identified marine survival and smolt emigrant overwinter survival as highly influential in the long-term trends for this population. While the proportion of individuals expressing an 'early emigrant' life history variant is significant, this strategy showed low sensitivity relative to other life stages in defining long-term population growth under this modeling construct. In contrast, 50-year population simulations showed significant gains in adult escapement up to 43% when early emigrant life histories were included. This suggests that while alternative life history variants may not be the single greatest driver of population growth, their exclusion in management models may constitute a significant oversight in population management. Additionally, the probability of local population extinction was reduced substantially from 36% to 8% with the incorporation of life history diversity in the modeling structure. Historic coho salmon rearing habitats have been vastly diminished during the last 100 years in both stream and estuary areas. This modeling approach can help to identify sites to focus habitat restoration where it can strengthen individual populations' long-term growth or abilities to persist in the face of environmental stochasticity.
Book Synopsis Juvenile Coho Salmon Movement, Growth and Survival in a Coastal Basin of Southern Oregon by : Adam D. Weybright
Download or read book Juvenile Coho Salmon Movement, Growth and Survival in a Coastal Basin of Southern Oregon written by Adam D. Weybright and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile salmonids display highly variable spatial and temporal movement patterns that are influenced by density dependent (e.g., competition, predation) and density independent (e.g., genetics, stream discharge, physical habitat conditions) factors. The effects of these factors differ with fish life history stage, but will ultimately affect how salmonids utilize freshwater nursery habitats and influence their size at smolting. Although juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) (Walbaum 1792) movement patterns and their relationships with body mass have been previously examined, the temporal scale considered in most studies has been within individual seasonal periods. In this study, we monitored the movement of PIT tagged juvenile coho salmon throughout the period of freshwater residence in an entire southern Oregon coastal basin to identify the prevalent sedentary and mobile strategies these fish may adopt and to examine possible relationships between those strategies and fish body mass, growth and survival. Specific objectives include: 1) to describe juvenile coho salmon movement strategies and patterns during the freshwater residence period; 2) to determine the relative proportions of juvenile coho salmon that exhibit each movement strategy; 3) to establish whether juvenile coho salmon body mass and growth rates are related with a set of habitat variables recorded during this study; 4) to determine whether coho salmon body mass or growth rates are related to movement strategy; and 5) to evaluate whether winter survival of juvenile coho salmon is associated with movement strategy. Results revealed seasonally and spatially variable movement. More than half of coho salmon tracked throughout the period of freshwater residence exhibited movement behavior that differed between summer and winter seasons. Within seasonal periods, coho salmon in tidally affected reaches exhibited greater prevalence of mobile behavior relative to those in riverine reaches. Regression analysis indicated coho biomass density, habitat unit structural complexity and size at tagging were important in predicting summer growth of coho salmon. Juvenile coho salmon that were mobile during summer were either larger or no different in body mass in early summer relative to fish that exhibited sedentary behavior. Similarly, no consistent differences were observed between sedentary and mobile coho salmon in regards to summer growth. Coho salmon that were sedentary in summer and winter experienced higher apparent winter survival than mobile fish in each season, though the reach in which an individual resided at the start of winter appeared to also affect survival. Coho salmon residing in the tide gate reservoir reach and mainstem headwater reaches experienced greatest apparent winter survival. These results indicate that juvenile coho salmon movement within a stream basin is spatially and temporally variable and that mobility does not necessarily indicate inferior competitive ability. In a broader context, variable movement patterns reflect the capacity for plastic behavior in salmonids and this research demonstrates the importance of maintaining seasonally diverse freshwater and estuarine nursery habitats for juvenile fish.
Book Synopsis Survival and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in the Shasta River, California by : Christopher C. Adams
Download or read book Survival and Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in the Shasta River, California written by Christopher C. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I developed a multi-state mark-recapture model to estimate apparent survival, movement, and detection probabilities among four segments of the Shasta River during the first spring, summer, winter, and age-1 smolt outmigration periods. Apparent survival estimates in different segments of the Shasta River ranged from 0.42 to 0.74 over the summer and from 0.52 to 1.00 over the winter. The estimated apparent survival probability for age-1 smolts migrating from the upper Shasta River to the Klamath River was 0.77. Findings in this study may be used to guide restoration efforts for coho salmon in the Shasta River by focusing them on locations that are not meeting fish needs or during seasonal periods of low survival.
Book Synopsis Winter Food Habits of Coastal Juvenile Steelhead and Coho Salmon in Pudding Creek, Northern California by : Heather Anne Pert
Download or read book Winter Food Habits of Coastal Juvenile Steelhead and Coho Salmon in Pudding Creek, Northern California written by Heather Anne Pert and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Species profiles by : Thomas J. Hassler
Download or read book Species profiles written by Thomas J. Hassler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Freshwater and Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) as a Function of Juvenile Life History by : Grace Katherine Ghrist
Download or read book Freshwater and Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) as a Function of Juvenile Life History written by Grace Katherine Ghrist and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overwinter survival for all three cohorts and all life histories ranged from 25-73%. In cohort one, overwinter survival for spring migrants was greater than the early migrants: overwinter survival was between 38-53% for spring migrants (depending on analysis assumptions) compared to 26% for early migrants; overwinter survival for the two life histories was indistinguishable in the other two cohorts. Apparent marine survival, including all cohorts and life histories ranged from 1.6-4.9%. Marine survival was indistinguishable between juvenile life history strategies likely due to small sample sizes. A power analysis performed with simulated data, to estimate the sample size of fall tags necessary in order to distinguish between juvenile life histories; this ranged from 3500-6000 tags. The transition probability to the jack state ranged from 1.5-55.8% and was indistinguishable between life history strategies. Multistate models provide the opportunity to incorporate life history diversity into estimates of population demographic rates. Use of these models and ongoing monitoring effort will continue to add new insights into Coho Salmon life history variation and the consequences for populations.
Book Synopsis Extended Freshwater Rearing of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Northern California Streams by : Benjamin O. Ransom
Download or read book Extended Freshwater Rearing of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Northern California Streams written by Benjamin O. Ransom and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
