Overview Of On Site Analytical Methods For Explosives In Soil

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Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil by :

Download or read book Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to survey the current status of field sampling and on-site analytical methods for detecting and quantifying secondary explosives compounds in soils (Table 1). The paper also includes a brief discussion of EPA Method 8330 (EPA 1995), the reference analytical method for the determination of 14 explosives and co-contaminants in soil. This report is divided into the following major sections: introduction; background; an overview of sampling and analysis for explosives in soil; data quality objectives; unique sampling design considerations for explosives; procedures for statistically comparing on-site and reference analytical methods; a summary of on-site analytical methods; and a summary of the current EPA reference analytical method, Method 8330 (EPA 1995). Although some sections may be used independently, joint use of the field sampling and on-site analytical methods sections is recommended to develop a sampling and analytical approach that achieves project objectives.

Field Sampling and Selecting On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Sampling and Selecting On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil by :

Download or read book Field Sampling and Selecting On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of defense-related sites are contaminated with elevated levels of secondary explosives. Levels of contamination range from barely detectable to levels above 10% that need special handling because of the detonation potential. Characterization of explosives-contaminated sites is particularly difficult because of the very heterogeneous distribution of contamination in the environment and within samples. To improve site characterization, several options exist including collecting more samples, providing on-site analytical data to help direct the investigation, compositing samples, improving homogenization of the samples, and extracting larger samples. This publication is intended to provide guidance to Remedial Project Managers regarding field sampling and on-site analytical methods for detecting and quantifying secondary explosive compounds in soils, and is not intended to include discussions of the safety issues associated with sites contaminated with explosive residues.

Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil by :

Download or read book Overview of On-site Analytical Methods for Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guidance for Characterizing Explosives Contaminated Soils

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidance for Characterizing Explosives Contaminated Soils by :

Download or read book Guidance for Characterizing Explosives Contaminated Soils written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of defense-related sites are contaminated with elevated levels of secondary explosives. Levels of contamination range from barely detectable to levels above 10% that need special handling due to the detonation potential. Characterization of explosives-contaminated sites is particularly difficult due to the very heterogeneous distribution of contamination in the environment and within samples. To improve site characterization, several options exist including collecting more samples, providing on-site analytical data to help direct the investigation, compositing samples, improving homogenization of samples, and extracting larger samples. On-site analytical methods are essential to more economical and improved characterization. On-site methods might suffer in terms of precision and accuracy, but this is more than offset by the increased number of samples that can be run. While verification using a standard analytical procedure should be part of any quality assurance program, reducing the number of samples analyzed by the more expensive methods can result in significantly reduced costs. Often 70 to 90% of the soil samples analyzed during an explosives site investigation do not contain detectable levels of contamination. Two basic types of on-site analytical methods are in wide use for explosives in soil, calorimetric and immunoassay. Calorimetric methods generally detect broad classes of compounds such as nitroaromatics or nitramines, while immunoassay methods are more compound specific. Since TNT or RDX is usually present in explosive-contaminated soils, the use of procedures designed to detect only these or similar compounds can be very effective.

Assessment of Sampling Error Associated with Collection and Analysis of Soil Samples at Explosives-Contaminated Sites

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428913696
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Assessment of Sampling Error Associated with Collection and Analysis of Soil Samples at Explosives-Contaminated Sites by :

Download or read book Assessment of Sampling Error Associated with Collection and Analysis of Soil Samples at Explosives-Contaminated Sites written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Explosives-related Chemical Signatures in Soil Samples Collected Near Buried Land Mines

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Explosives-related Chemical Signatures in Soil Samples Collected Near Buried Land Mines by :

Download or read book Analysis of Explosives-related Chemical Signatures in Soil Samples Collected Near Buried Land Mines written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosives

Author : Jehuda Yinon
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471965626
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosives by : Jehuda Yinon

Download or read book Modern Methods and Applications in Analysis of Explosives written by Jehuda Yinon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-08-06 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date handbook, with the latest advances including all the various methods and techniques for analyzing explosives. Explosive compounds and mixtures, residues--their recovery and clean-up procedures--chromatography, polarography, spectroscopy, environmental analysis and mass spectroscopy are among the topics covered.

Analysis of Explosives in Plant Tissues

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Explosives in Plant Tissues by :

Download or read book Analysis of Explosives in Plant Tissues written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

On-site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD

Author : Alan Dole Hewitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis On-site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD by : Alan Dole Hewitt

Download or read book On-site Method for Measuring Nitroaromatic and Nitramine Explosives in Soil and Groundwater Using GC-NPD written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

On-site Analysis for High Concentrations of Explosives in Soil

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis On-site Analysis for High Concentrations of Explosives in Soil by :

Download or read book On-site Analysis for High Concentrations of Explosives in Soil written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Explosives in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography: Environmental Analysis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 13 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Explosives in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography: Environmental Analysis by :

Download or read book Analysis of Explosives in Soil Using Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography: Environmental Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current methods for the analysis of explosives in soils utilize time consuming sample preparation workups and extractions. The method detection limits for EPA Method 8330 for most analytes is substantially higher than the typical explosive concentrations encountered in soils near unexploded ordnance items, landmines, or other hidden explosive devices. It is desirable to develop new analytical techniques to analyze soil with low concentrations of explosives to support the development of explosive sensors. This report describes efforts to adapt headspace solid phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to provide a convenient and sensitive analysis method for explosives in soil.

Field Gas Chromatography/thermionic Detector System for On-site Determination of Explosives in Soils

Author : Alan Dole Hewitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Gas Chromatography/thermionic Detector System for On-site Determination of Explosives in Soils by : Alan Dole Hewitt

Download or read book Field Gas Chromatography/thermionic Detector System for On-site Determination of Explosives in Soils written by Alan Dole Hewitt and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On-site determination of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester explosives compounds in soils was performed using a field-portable gas chromatograph (GC)equipped with a thermionic ionization detector (TID)selective for compounds with nitro functional groups. Soil samples were extracted with acetone. A 1 microliter volume of the filtered soil extract was manually injected into the GC, allowing for the rapid qualification and quantification of the suite of explosives that often coexist in soils at military training facilities and other defense-related sites. Good agreement was established for the concentrations of several explosives analytes when this method of analysis was compared to either high-performance liquid chromatography (Method 8330)or GC electron capture (Method 8095)analysis. Comparisons were performed for sample extracts and for soil subsample replicates distributed for on-site preparation and analysis during a field verification test performed under the auspices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV)Program.

Development of an Analytical Method for Explosive Residues in Soil

Author : T. F. Jenkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (167 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of an Analytical Method for Explosive Residues in Soil by : T. F. Jenkins

Download or read book Development of an Analytical Method for Explosive Residues in Soil written by T. F. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analytical method was developed to determine the concentrations of HMX, RDX, TNB, DNB, Tetryl, TNT and 2,4-DNT in soil. The method involves extracting a 2-g sample with 50 mL of acetonitrile using an ultrasonic bath procedure for 18 hr. A 10-mL portion of the extract is diluted with 10 mL of water, filtered through a 0.45-micrometer Millex SR filter, and analyzed by RP-HPLC using a fixed 254-nm UV detector. Separations were obtained on an LC-18 column eluted with 50:50 water-methanol. Retention times were 2.55, 3.82, 5.16, 6.25, 7.04, 8.47 and 10.15 min for HMX, RDX, TNB, DNB, Tetryl, TNT and 2,4-DNT, respectively. Confirmation of analyte identities is recommended by RP-HPLC on an LC-CN column using 50:50 water-methanol. Kinetic studies using naturally contaminated soil indicated that equilibrium was achieved within 24 hr for the majority of soils and analytes studied. The method provides linear calibration curves over a wide range of concentrations. Reporting limits were conservatively estimated at 1.6, 1.8, 1.5, 0.5, 5.5, 0.8 and 0.8 micro grams/g for HMX, RDX, TNB, DNB, Tetryl, TNT and 2,4-DNT. Analytical precision was estimated at + or - 0.44, 0.51, 0.43, 0.13, 1.24, 0.27 and 0.20 micro grams/g, respectively, in the range of homogeneous variance near the detection limits. At higher concentrations the relative standard deviation was constant at 2% for HMX, RDX, DNB and TNB, 3% for TNT and 2,4-DNT, and 6% for Tetryl.

On-site Analysis of Explosives in Soil

Author : Sae-Im Nam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (378 download)

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Book Synopsis On-site Analysis of Explosives in Soil by : Sae-Im Nam

Download or read book On-site Analysis of Explosives in Soil written by Sae-Im Nam and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water

Author : Marianne E. Walsh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water by : Marianne E. Walsh

Download or read book Analytical Methods for Determining Nitroguanidine in Soil and Water written by Marianne E. Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis

Author : M.R. Carter
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780873718615
Total Pages : 866 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis by : M.R. Carter

Download or read book Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-07-06 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis is a practical methods manual and resource handbook that covers a wide array of methods for analyzing soil chemical, biological, biochemical, and physical properties. Soil testing for plant nutrients and methods to characterize organic soils and frozen soils are also provided. The book presents recent improvements in methodology, outlines new methods, and characterizes the best methods available for selecting appropriate analysis techniques. Methods have been selected for their accuracy, speed, and ease of duplication. References are provided for each method. The book is ideal for scientists, engineers, and students in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, geography, remote sensing, environmental science, and land-use planning.

Site Characterization for Explosives Contamination at a Military Firing Range Impact Area

Author : Thomas F. Jenkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Site Characterization for Explosives Contamination at a Military Firing Range Impact Area by : Thomas F. Jenkins

Download or read book Site Characterization for Explosives Contamination at a Military Firing Range Impact Area written by Thomas F. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted at the inland firing ranges at Fort Ord to determine the current levels of explosives residues and to recommend appropriate future site characterization techniques. A set of 280 soil samples was collected from depths ranging from 0-15 cm to 105-120 cm from anti-tank ranges 44 and 48. Sampling locations were selected on the basis of the locations of current and former targets, and included an area away from specific targets and a background area, not affected by local detonations. HMX was the explosives residue present at the highest concentration. Much lower concentrations of RDX, TNT, and two isomers of aminodinitrotoluene were also detected. Explosives residues were largely confined to surface soils near tank targets. A major problem for site characterization was found to be the large spatial heterogeneity present. Composite samples very effectively provided representative samples for 5- x 5-m size grids. A colorimetric on-site method gave reliable results for HMX, relative to SW846 Method 8330. No currently available on-site method for RDX was found to be adequate in the presence of much higher concentrations of HMX.