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Osterreich Schweden Finnland
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Book Synopsis Österreich, Schweden, Finnland by : Paul Luif
Download or read book Österreich, Schweden, Finnland written by Paul Luif and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seit 1. Mai 2004 umfasst die Europäische Union (EU) 25 Mitglieder. Sie dehnt sich nun geographisch auch nach Mittel- und Osteuropa aus. Dieser größten Erweiterung ist vor einem Jahrzehnt der Beitritt von drei Staaten vorangegangen. Damals wurden Österreich, Schweden und Finnland Mitglieder der EU und damit waren, von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, alle Länder des westlichen Europas in der EU. Das vorliegende Buch will nun die Erfahrungen der EU-Erweiterung vom 1. Januar 1995 in wichtigen Bereichen darstellen und konzentriert sich in seinen Analysen der Effekte und Wirkungen des Beitritts auf die neuen Mitgliedstaaten, vernachlässigt aber nicht, auch auf die Effekte der Mitgliedschaft von Österreich, Schweden und Finnland auf die EU hinzuweisen.
Book Synopsis Regional and International Relations of Central Europe by : Zlatko Sabic
Download or read book Regional and International Relations of Central Europe written by Zlatko Sabic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focused on the role of Central Europe in international politics at the turn of the 20th century, the authors take stock of the knowledge about the discipline of IR, enhance the visibility of scholars from Central Europe, and fill the void which has emerged after several researches on Central Europe were completed in the 1990s.
Book Synopsis Economic and Social Policies in Austria from the Perspective of Hungary, 1945-2020 by : Pál Bődy
Download or read book Economic and Social Policies in Austria from the Perspective of Hungary, 1945-2020 written by Pál Bődy and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2024-07 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study examines the question how the Austrian experience made and continues to make an impact on the economic “catch-up” policies of Hungary and other neighboring states. The author gives special attention to the social-economic transformation of Austria leading to EU-membership and advanced R&D policies, then presents the conceptions of Hungarian economists and commentators on reaching the economic standards of Austria. He also discusses the parallel experiences of Finland.
Book Synopsis The Constitution of Finland by : Jaakko Husa
Download or read book The Constitution of Finland written by Jaakko Husa and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the living Constitution of Finland, with an emphasis on constitutional history, culture, and practice. 'Culture' here refers to the cognitive long-term social or mental structure which makes it possible for politicians, civil servants, judges, and lawyers to grasp the constitutional environment in which they exist. Finland is a small modern, democratic Nordic country with a politically stable welfare system and a constitutional history dating back to the 1700s which contains remnants of Swedish rule, Russian rule, and the period of independence since 1917. It also contains several inner tensions: parliamentarism versus presidentialism, a high level of constitutionalism versus a virtual lack of constitutional judicial review, and a formally rigid but actually flexible constitution. The book offers a realistic but critical overview of the Finnish constitution, while also discussing fundamental questions about the very nature of constitution and constitutionalism. In addition, the constitutional effect of the EU and the European Convention on Human Rights are discussed and, where appropriate, a specific comparative dimension is added. The book is written in an uncomplicated manner and is aimed at those not familiar with the system, providing an introduction and first orientation without excessive detail. Each chapter concludes with a list of further reading and relevant websites.
Download or read book Volkswohl written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Review of the world written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Law Between Universalism and Fragmentation by : Isabelle Buffard
Download or read book International Law Between Universalism and Fragmentation written by Isabelle Buffard and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This "Festschrift" is published on the occasion of Gerhard Hafnera (TM)s 65th birthday and his retirement as a professor at the University of Vienna. It assembles a great number of renowned friends and colleagues in international law honouring Gerhard Hafnera (TM)s outstanding career as scholar, diplomat, legal adviser and arbitrator. The diversity of areas selected for this "Festschrift" reflects the generalist approach of Gerhard Hafner towards international law. Among the topics on which his contribution was particularly influential are the fragmentation of international law, the law of State immunity and international criminal law, which feature prominently in the "Festschrift." Other areas covered are the theory of international law (including sources), basic principles of international law, codification of international law, subjects of international law, international dispute settlement, the law of the sea and international environmental law, human rights and humanitarian law and the law of the European Union.
Book Synopsis The Electronic City by : Ulrike Bucher
Download or read book The Electronic City written by Ulrike Bucher and published by BWV Verlag. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic "The Electronic City" refers to the introduction and the consequences of the new information and communication technologies for urban life. In which way can "E-Europe" for all be realised? How can the digital divide be overcome? What are the consequences for the socially disfavoured groups and how can they participate in the E-City? Is human behaviour different in virtual space? These are the questions which are part of many discourses on this topic and which are addressed in this book.
Book Synopsis Europe Since 1945 by : Bernard A. Cook
Download or read book Europe Since 1945 written by Bernard A. Cook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 747 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work of some 1,700 entries in two volumes. Its scope includes all of Europe and the successor states to the former Soviet Union. The volumes provide a broad coverage of topics, with an emphasis on politics, governments, organizations, people, and events crucial to an understanding of postwar Europe. Also includes 100 maps and photos.
Book Synopsis The Ideological Cold War by : Johanna Rainio-Niemi
Download or read book The Ideological Cold War written by Johanna Rainio-Niemi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-05 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens new perspectives into the Cold War ideological confrontations. Using Austria and Finland as an example, it shows how the Cold War battles for the hearts and minds of the people also influenced policies in countries that wished to stay outside the conflict. Following the model of older European neutrals, Austria and Finland sought to combine neutrality with democracy. The combination was eagerly challenged by ideological Cold Warriors on both sides of the divide and questioned at home too. Was neutrality risking the neutrals’ commitment to democracy, or did the commitment to the western type of democracy threaten their commitment to neutrality? Confronting these doubts grew into an organic part of practicing neutrality in the Cold War world. The neutrals needed to be exceptionally clear regarding the ideological foundations of their neutrality. Successful neutrality required a great deal of conceptual consistence and domestic unanimity. None of this was pre-given in Austria or Finland. However, in the model of Switzerland and Sweden, (armed) neutrality was systematically integrated with the official state ideology and promoted as a part of national identity. Legacies of these policies outlived the end of the Cold War.
Book Synopsis ESTONIAN DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC POLICY | ESTNISCHE GESPRÄCHE ÜBER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK | EESTI MAJANDUSPOLIITILISED VÄITLUSED by : Universität Tartu
Download or read book ESTONIAN DISCUSSIONS ON ECONOMIC POLICY | ESTNISCHE GESPRÄCHE ÜBER WIRTSCHAFTSPOLITIK | EESTI MAJANDUSPOLIITILISED VÄITLUSED written by Universität Tartu and published by BWV Verlag. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Die Organisationen der Weltwirtschaft / The Organisations of the World Economy by : Gerhard Volz
Download or read book Die Organisationen der Weltwirtschaft / The Organisations of the World Economy written by Gerhard Volz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-02-06 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book first of all provides a comprehensive overview of all major international organisations that in one way or another deal with today ́s global economy and is all-important engine of growth: free trade! When were they established, what do they do, and where are they situated? What are the interrelationships among them? There are two clear focal points in this book: the first concerns the so-called "organisations of Bretton Woods", i.e., the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO (GATT). The second one is the European Community (nowadays often referred to as the "European Union").
Book Synopsis National Constitutions and EU Integration by : Stefan Griller
Download or read book National Constitutions and EU Integration written by Stefan Griller and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do individual constitutions, and the legal cultures underlying them, pose an obstacle to future EU integration? This ambitious collection brings together reports from all the European Member States, systematically setting out their individual constitutional guarantees. In doing so, it tracks possible roadblocks to the future evolution of European integration. Written by recognised authorities in each Member State, it offers an authoritative and rigorous overview of the European Union's constitutional landscape. Its single-structure approach allows for comparison while maintaining consistency. It will become the standard reference work for academics, students and practitioners in the field of European Union law and integration.
Author : Publisher :Waxmann Verlag ISBN 13 :3830970366 Total Pages :240 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (39 download)
Download or read book written by and published by Waxmann Verlag. This book was released on with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulation and capacity calculation in real German and European interconnected gas transport systems by : Bo Li
Download or read book Simulation and capacity calculation in real German and European interconnected gas transport systems written by Bo Li and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract The whole supply chain of natural gas, from the gas well through several kinds of elements to final customers, creates an integrated and complex network system. Such complex systems in Europe are owned and operated by different companies. The legal framework of liberalization of the energy markets requires gas network operators to publish flow capacities at their entry and exit stations. In combination with publicly available knowledge about the gas transportation infrastructures, an overall hydraulic simulation of the gas flows over Germany and Europe becomes possible. Considering the logistics and integrity of the natural gas supply system, it is obvious that such models are significant to present the overall gas flow, assess detailed infrastructures and analyze emergency situations based on national or European levels and from a technical point of view. In this thesis, the author depicts the workflow and methodologies of modeling such large scale and complex gas grids, using the German H-gas system as an example. The established model is able to simulate the major gas transmission systems in Germany, with consideration of the storage facilities. The modeling work is described in this thesis from three major aspects: the creation of network topology, the definition of simulation scenarios and the methodologies for capacity calculations. The author further explains in detail the integration of available databases and some simplification and assumption approaches developed for the modeling work. By investigating on German gas consumption sectors and gas demand behaviors over years, various scenarios are defined and simulated. Through the simulations, the technical potentials for both individual entry / exit points and the nationwide grid can be analyzed. The investigation in this thesis also illustrates several case studies to technically evaluate new infrastructures and German “energy transformation” technologies (e.g. synthetic methane from "Power–to–Gas" projects and “Nuclear Moratorium”). Some bottleneck areas in the existing gas transmission system under such newly developed conditions are presented in the model, which could provide good reference information for future pipeline grid extension and facilities enhancement. Kurzfassung Die Transportkette von Erdgas stellt vom Bohrloch bis zu den Endkunden ein integriertes und komplexes Netzwerk aus verschiedenen Systemelementen dar, das in Europa von verschiedenen Unternehmen betrieben wird. Der Rechtsrahmen, der durch die Liberalisierung der Energiemärkte stark geändert wurde, verlangt von diesen Gasnetzbetreibern, die Durchflusskapazitäten an den Ein- und Ausspeisepunkten ihrer Leitungen zu veröffentlichen. Zusammen mit weiteren öffentlich verfügbaren Daten über die Erdgas-Infrastruktur wird eine unternehmensübergreifende hydraulische Simulation des gesamten Netzes möglich. Mit diesem Modell können die gesamten Gasnetzflüsse der integrierten Gastransportkette dargestellt, Bestandteile der Infrastruktur detailliert bewertet und die Auswirkungen von Versorgungsstörungen auf nationaler oder europäischer Ebene aus technischer Sicht bewertet werden. Anhand des deutschen H-Gasnetzes als BeispieI beschreibt der Autor in dieser Arbeit das Vorgehen und die Methoden, um ein großes und komplexes Gasnetz zu modellieren. Das Modell beschreibt das Transportnetz unter Einbeziehung der Erdgas-Speicherstandorte. Das Vorgehen wird in der Arbeit mit drei wesentlichen Aspekten beschrieben: Die Abbildung der Netzwerktopologie, die Definition von Simulationsszenarien der Ein- und Ausspeisung sowie die Methoden der Kapazitätsberechnung. Der Autor beschreibt detailliert die Integration verfügbarer Datenquellen sowie Annahmen und Vereinfachungen, die für die Modellierung notwendig sind. Durch die Untersuchung verschiedener Erdgas-Verbrauchersektoren und der Verbrauchsentwicklung über die Jahre werden verschiedene Szenarien definiert und mit Hilfe des Topologiemodells simuliert. Mit diesen Simulationen können die technischen Potentiale sowohl für individuelle Ein- und Ausspeisepunkte, als auch für das gesamte deutsche H-Gasnetz analysiert werden. Das Modell wird anhand einiger Fallstudien illustriert, um neue Infrastrukturen sowie die Auswirkungen neuer Technologien (z.B. Erzeugung von synthetischem Methan aus Stromspeicherprojekten) und politischer Entscheidungen (z.B. den deutschen Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie) zu bewerten. Einige Engpassbereiche des existierenden Transportnetzes in dieser neuen Situation werden mit Hilfe des Modells identifiziert, um Empfehlungen für den Um- und Ausbau des deutschen Gastransportsystems zu geben.
Book Synopsis Discursive Construction of National Identity by : Ruth Wodak
Download or read book Discursive Construction of National Identity written by Ruth Wodak and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we construct national identities in discourse? Which topics, which discursive strategies and which linguistic devices are employed to construct national sameness and uniqueness on the one hand, and differences to other national collectives on the other hand? The Discursive Construction of National Identity analyses discourses of national identity in Europe with particular attention to Austria.In the tradition of critical discourse analysis, the authors analyse current and on-going transformations in the self-and other definition of national identities using an innovative interdisciplinary approach which combines discourse-historical theory and methodology and political science perspectives. Thus, the rhetorical promotion of national identification and the discursive construction and reproduction of national difference on public, semi-public and semi-private levels within a nation state are analysed in much detail and illustrated with a huge amount of examples taken from many genres (speeches, focus-groups, interviews, media, and so forth). In addition to the critical discourse analysis of multiple genres accompanying various commemorative and celebratory events in 1995, this extended and revised edition is able to draw comparisons with similar events in 2005. The impact of socio-political changes in Austria and in the European Union is also made transparent in the attempts of constructing hegemonic national identities.
Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2005 by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Austria 2005 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005-07-22 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2005 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Austria's economy finds two challenges needing attention: first, fiscal peformance must be improved reducing government debt and improving fiscal federal relations and second, growth is held back by low participation of older workers.
