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Origin Of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy In Co Ni Multilayers And Their Use In Stt Ram
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Book Synopsis Origin of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Co/Ni Multilayers and Their Use in STT-RAM by : Monika Arora
Download or read book Origin of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in Co/Ni Multilayers and Their Use in STT-RAM written by Monika Arora and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic properties of (111)-textured SAF/Cu/FL multilayer film structures were optimized by varying individual layer thickness and sputtering conditions. The SAF is a synthetic antiferromagnet consisting of Co/Ni multilayers coupled antiferromagnetically across a Ru spacer layer, and the FL is a free layer consisting of a single Co/Ni multilayer. The Co and Ni thicknesses were varied to obtain larger perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, saturation magnetization, damping and zero-frequency line broadening of the Co/Ni multilayers strongly depend on the number of bilayers. With increasing Cu seed-layer thickness, the texture of the Co/Ni multilayers improves while the grain size and film roughness increase. The increase in grain size results in the reduction of the direct exchange coupling between magnetic grains, which enhances the coercivity of the SAF and the FL. Experimentally measured coercivities of the SAF and FL are compared with calculations obtained from a coherent rotation model. The effect of the role of the Co/Cu interface in the magnetoresistance, is also discussed. Spin-transfer-torque induced switching is investigated in 200 nm diameter circularly shaped, perpendicular magnetized nanopillars. The SAF layer is used as a reference layer to minimize the dipolar field on the free layer. The use of Pt and Pd was avoided to lower the spin-orbit scattering in magnetic layers and intrinsic damping in the free layer, and therefore, reduce the critical current required for spin-transfer-torque switching. In zero magnetic field the critical current required to switch the free layer from the parallel to antiparallel (antiparallel to parallel) alignment is 5.2 mA (4.9 mA). Given the volume of the free layer, VFL = 1.01×10-22 m3, the switching efficiency, Ic/(VFL m0Hc), is 5.28×1020 A/Tm3, twice as efficient as any previously reported device with a similar structure. Variation in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of (111) textured Au/N×[Co/Ni]/Au films as a function of number of bilayer repeats N is studied. The experimental measurements show that the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co/Ni multilayers first increases with N for N ≤ 10 and then moderately decreases for N> 10. The model we propose reveals that the decrease of the anisotropy for N 10 is predominantly due to the reduction in the magnetoelastic and magnetocrystalline anisotropies. A moderate decrease in the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for N 10 is due to the reduction in the magnetocrystalline and the surface anisotropies.
Book Synopsis Exploration of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Material System for Application in Spin Transfer Torque - Random Access Memory by : Anusha Natarajarathinam
Download or read book Exploration of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Material System for Application in Spin Transfer Torque - Random Access Memory written by Anusha Natarajarathinam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) materials have unique advantages when used in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) which are the most critical part of spin-torque transfer random access memory devices (STT-RAMs) that are being researched intensively as future non-volatile memory technology. They have high magnetoresistance which improves their sensitivity. The STT-RAM has several advantages over competing technologies, for instance, low power consumption, non-volatility, ultra-fast read and write speed and high endurance. In personal computers, it can replace SRAM for high-speed applications, Flash for non-volatility, and PSRAM and DRAM for high-speed program execution. The main aim of this research is to identify and optimize the best perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) material system for application to STT-RAM technology. Preliminary search for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) materials for pinned layer for MTJs started with the exploration and optimization of crystalline alloys such as Co50Pd50 alloy, Mn50Al50 and amorphous alloys such as Tb21Fe72Co7 and are first presented in this work. Further optimization includes the study of Co/ [Pd/Pt]X multilayers (ML), and the development of perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF) utilizing these multilayers. Focused work on capping and seed layers to evaluate interfacial perpendicular anisotropy in free layers for pMTJs is then discussed. Optimization of the full perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (pMTJ) includes the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB trilayer coupled to a pinned/pinning layer with perpendicular Co/[Pd/Pt]x SAF and a thin Ta seeded CoFeB free layer. Magnetometry, simulations, annealing studies, transport measurements and TEM analysis on these samples will then be presented.
Book Synopsis The Role of the Interface for Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of FE/TB and FE/GD Multilayers by : Andrea Else Freitag
Download or read book The Role of the Interface for Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy of FE/TB and FE/GD Multilayers written by Andrea Else Freitag and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magnetic Multilayers by : Lawrence H Bennett
Download or read book Magnetic Multilayers written by Lawrence H Bennett and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-12-16 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on an increasingly important area of materials science and technology, namely, the fabrication and properties of artificial materials where slabs of magnetized materials are sandwiched between slabs of nonmagnetized materials. It includes reviews by experts on the theory and descriptions of the various experimental techniques such as those using nuclear or electron spin probes, as well as optical, X-ray or neutron probes. It also reviews potential applications such as the giant magnetoresistance, and one specialized preparation technique, the electrodeposition. The various chapters are tutorial in nature, making the subject accessible to nonspecialists, as well as useful to researchers in the field.
Book Synopsis Physics, Chemistry And Applications Of Nanostructures - Proceedings Of The International Conference Nanomeeting - 2015 by : Victor E Borisenko
Download or read book Physics, Chemistry And Applications Of Nanostructures - Proceedings Of The International Conference Nanomeeting - 2015 written by Victor E Borisenko and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2015-05-04 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents invited reviews and original short notes of recent results obtained in studies concerning the fabrication and application of nanostructures, which hold great promise for the new generation of electronic, optoelectronic and energy conversion devices. They present achievements discussed at Special Sessions 'Frontiers of Two-Dimensional Crystals', 'Nanoelectromagnetics' and Belarus-Korea Workshop 'Frontiers of Advanced Nanodevices' organized within Nanomeeting 2015.Governing exciting and relatively new topics such as fast-progressing nanoelectronics and optoelectronics, molecular electronics and spintronics, nanophotonics, nanosensorics and nanoenergetics as well as nanotechnology and quantum processing of information, this book gives readers a more complete understanding of the practical uses of nanotechnology and nanostructures.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Spintronics by : Yongbing Xu
Download or read book Handbook of Spintronics written by Yongbing Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over two volumes and 1500 pages, the Handbook of Spintronics will cover all aspects of spintronics science and technology, including fundamental physics, materials properties and processing, established and emerging device technology and applications. Comprising 60 chapters from a large international team of leading researchers across academia and industry, the Handbook provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive review of this dynamic field of research. The opening chapters focus on the fundamental physical principles of spintronics in metals and semiconductors, including an introduction to spin quantum computing. Materials systems are then considered, with sections on metallic thin films and multilayers, magnetic tunnelling structures, hybrids, magnetic semiconductors and molecular spintronic materials. A separate section reviews the various characterisation methods appropriate to spintronics materials, including STM, spin-polarised photoemission, x-ray diffraction techniques and spin-polarised SEM. The third part of the Handbook contains chapters on the state of the art in device technology and applications, including spin valves, GMR and MTJ devices, MRAM technology, spin transistors and spin logic devices, spin torque devices, spin pumping and spin dynamics and other topics such as spin caloritronics. Each chapter considers the challenges faced by researchers in that area and contains some indications of the direction that future work in the field is likely to take. This reference work will be an essential and long-standing resource for the spintronics community.
Book Synopsis Magnetism and Magnetic Materials by : J. M. D. Coey
Download or read book Magnetism and Magnetic Materials written by J. M. D. Coey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential textbook for graduate courses on magnetism and an important source of practical reference data.
Book Synopsis Developments in Data Storage by : S. N. Piramanayagam
Download or read book Developments in Data Storage written by S. N. Piramanayagam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-10-11 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely text on the recent developments in data storage, from a materials perspective Ever-increasing amounts of data storage on hard disk have been made possible largely due to the immense technological advances in the field of data storage materials. Developments in Data Storage: Materials Perspective covers the recent progress and developments in recording technologies, including the emerging non-volatile memory, which could potentially become storage technologies of the future. Featuring contributions from experts around the globe, this book provides engineers and graduate students in materials science and electrical engineering a solid foundation for grasping the subject. The book begins with the basics of magnetism and recording technology, setting the stage for the following chapters on existing methods and related research topics. These chapters focus on perpendicular recording media to underscore the current trend of hard disk media; read sensors, with descriptions of their fundamental principles and challenges; and write head, which addresses the advanced concepts for writing data in magnetic recording. Two chapters are devoted to the highly challenging area in hard disk drives of tribology, which deals with reliability, corrosion, and wear-resistance of the head and media. Next, the book provides an overview of the emerging technologies, such as heat-assisted magnetic recording and bit-patterned media recording. Non-volatile memory has emerged as a promising alternative storage option for certain device applications; two chapters are dedicated to non-volatile memory technologies such as the phase-change and the magnetic random access memories. With a strong focus on the fundamentals along with an overview of research topics, Developments in Data Storage is an ideal reference for graduate students or beginners in the field of magnetic recording. It also serves as an invaluable reference for future storage technologies including non-volatile memories.
Book Synopsis Magnetism and Accelerator-Based Light Sources by : Hervé Bulou
Download or read book Magnetism and Accelerator-Based Light Sources written by Hervé Bulou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-17 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book collects the contributions of the seventh school on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation held in Mittelwihr, France, from 7 to 12 October 2018. It starts with an introduction to the physics of modern X-ray sources followed by a general overview of magnetism. Next, light / matter interaction in the X-ray range is covered with emphasis on different types of angular dependence of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scattering. In the end, two domains where synchrotron radiation-based techniques led to new insights in condensed matter physics, namely spintronics and superconductivity, are discussed. The book is intended for advanced students and researchers to get acquaintance with the basic knowledge of X-ray light sources and to step into synchrotron-based techniques for magnetic studies in condensed matter physics or chemistry.
Book Synopsis Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Anjan Barman
Download or read book Spin Dynamics and Damping in Ferromagnetic Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Anjan Barman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of spin dynamics and magnetic damping. It discusses the various ways to tune damping, specifically, dynamic and static control in a ferromagnetic layer/heavy metal layer. In addition, it addresses all optical detection techniques for the investigation of modulation of damping, for example, the time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect technique.
Book Synopsis Emerging Non-volatile Memory Technologies by : Wen Siang Lew
Download or read book Emerging Non-volatile Memory Technologies written by Wen Siang Lew and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a balanced and comprehensive guide to the core principles, fundamental properties, experimental approaches, and state-of-the-art applications of two major groups of emerging non-volatile memory technologies, i.e. spintronics-based devices as well as resistive switching devices, also known as Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM). The first section presents different types of spintronic-based devices, i.e. magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), domain wall, and skyrmion memory devices. This section describes how their developments have led to various promising applications, such as microwave oscillators, detectors, magnetic logic, and neuromorphic engineered systems. In the second half of the book, the underlying device physics supported by different experimental observations and modelling of RRAM devices are presented with memory array level implementation. An insight into RRAM desired properties as synaptic element in neuromorphic computing platforms from material and algorithms viewpoint is also discussed with specific example in automatic sound classification framework.
Book Synopsis Materials Handbook by : François Cardarelli
Download or read book Materials Handbook written by François Cardarelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-19 with total page 1365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique and practical book provides quick and easy access to data on the physical and chemical properties of all classes of materials. The second edition has been much expanded to include whole new families of materials while many of the existing families are broadened and refined with new material and up-to-date information. Particular emphasis is placed on the properties of common industrial materials in each class. Detailed appendices provide additional information, and careful indexing and a tabular format make the data quickly accessible. This book is an essential tool for any practitioner or academic working in materials or in engineering.
Download or read book Spin Current written by Sadamichi Maekawa and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a new branch of physics and technology, called spin-electronics or spintronics, the flow of electrical charge (usual current) as well as the flow of electron spin, the so-called "spin current", are manipulated and controlled together. This book is intended to provide an introduction and guide to the new physics and applications of spin current.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials by : Michael Coey
Download or read book Handbook of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials written by Michael Coey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 1679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a comprehensive survey of magnetism and magnetic materials. The dramatic advances in information technology and electromagnetic engineering make it necessary to systematically review the approved key knowledge and summarize the state of the art in this vast field within one seminal reference work. The book thus delivers up-to-date and well-structured information on a wealth of topics encompassing all fundamental aspects of the underlying physics and materials science, as well as advanced experimental methodology and applications. It features coverage of the host of fascinating and complex phenomena that arise from the use of magnetic fields in e.g. chemistry and biology. Edited by two internationally renowned scholars and featuring authored chapters from leading experts in the field, Springer’s Handbook of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials is an invaluable source of essential reference information for a broad audience of students, researchers, and magnetism professionals.
Book Synopsis Spintronics-based Computing by : Weisheng Zhao
Download or read book Spintronics-based Computing written by Weisheng Zhao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-11 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to spintronics-based computing for the next generation of ultra-low power/highly reliable logic. It will cover aspects from device to system-level, including magnetic memory cells, device modeling, hybrid circuit structure, design methodology, CAD tools, and technological integration methods. This book is accessible to a variety of readers and little or no background in magnetism and spin electronics are required to understand its content. The multidisciplinary team of expert authors from circuits, devices, computer architecture, CAD and system design reveal to readers the potential of spintronics nanodevices to reduce power consumption, improve reliability and enable new functionality.
Book Synopsis Nanomagnetism and Spintronics by : Teruya Shinjo
Download or read book Nanomagnetism and Spintronics written by Teruya Shinjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concise and accessible chapters of Nanomagnetism and Spintronics, Second Edition, cover the most recent research in areas of spin-current generation, spin-calorimetric effect, voltage effects on magnetic properties, spin-injection phenomena, giant magnetoresistance (GMR), and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). Spintronics is a cutting-edge area in the field of magnetism that studies the interplay of magnetism and transport phenomena, demonstrating how electrons not only have charge but also spin. This second edition provides the background to understand this novel physical phenomenon and focuses on the most recent developments and research relating to spintronics. This exciting new edition is an essential resource for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in industry who want to understand the concepts of spintronics, and keep up with recent research, all in one volume. Provides a concise, thorough evaluation of current research Surveys the important findings up to 2012 Examines the future of devices and the importance of spin current
Book Synopsis Magnetism of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Nanoscale Materials by : Robert E. Camley
Download or read book Magnetism of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Nanoscale Materials written by Robert E. Camley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, magnetic research has been dominated by the question of how surfaces and interfaces influence the magnetic and transport properties of nanostructures, thin films and multilayers. The research has been particularly important in the magnetic recording industry where the giant magnetoresistance effect led to a new generation of storage devices including hand-held memories such as those found in the ipod. More recently, transfer of spin angular momentum across interfaces has opened a new field for high frequency applications.This book gives a comprehensive view of research at the forefront of these fields. The frontier is expanding through dynamic exchange between theory and experiment. Contributions have been chosen to reflect this, giving the reader a unified overview of the topic. Addresses both theory and experiment that are vital for gaining an essential understanding of topics at the interface between magnetism and materials science Chapters written by experts provide great insights into complex material Discusses fundamental background material and state-of-the-art applications, serving as an indispensable guide for students and professionals at all levels of expertise Stresses interdisciplinary aspects of the field, including physics, chemistry, nanocharacterization, and materials science Combines basic materials with applications, thus widening the scope of the book and its readership
