Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors

Download Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642677649
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors by : Norbert Karl

Download or read book Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors written by Norbert Karl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 Preface Organic chemistry had its origin in chemicals which are synthesized by living cells. These chemicals consist of molecules whose skeletons are built up of carbon atoms. The remaining valences are connected with ligands such as hydrogen, halo gens, -OH,==O, -NH . Some of the skeletal carbon atoms can be replaced by non 2 metals such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur {"heteroatoms"}. It is characteristic for the living world, not to be in a crystalline state. However it is possible to obtain single crystals from many organic compounds both of natural and synthetic origin. For a number of years the physics and chem istry of these crystals have stimulated fundamental research on a rapidly growing scale. The great variety of possible organic structures {as compared to inorganics} opens up a large field of new materials and of novel material properties; for previous literature reviews and data compilations see 1-40) and Chap. 6. The art of producing good and pure organic single crystals has developed hand in-hand with the ever growing requirements of basic research, arising from its interest in fundamental interactions in the solid state. Interactions manifest themselves in a very detailed way by energy transfer.

Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors

Download Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783642677656
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (776 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors by :

Download or read book Organic Crystals Germanates Semiconductors written by and published by . This book was released on 1980-12-01 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organic Electronics

Download Organic Electronics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191053562
Total Pages : 1068 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Electronics by : Stephen R. Forrest

Download or read book Organic Electronics written by Stephen R. Forrest and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a basic understanding of the principles of the field of organic electronics, through to their applications in organic devices. Useful for both students and practitioners, it is a teaching text as well as an invaluable resource that serves as a jumping-off point for those interested in learning, working and innovating in this rapidly growing field. Organics serve as a platform for very low cost and high performance optoelectronic and electronic devices that cover large areas, are lightweight, and can be both flexible and conformable to fit onto irregularly shaped surfaces such as foldable smart phones. Organic electronics is at the core of the global organic light emitting device (OLED) display industry. OLEDs also have potential uses as lighting sources. Other emerging organic electronic applications include organic solar cells, and organic thin film transistors useful in medical and a range of other sensing, memory and logic applications. This book is a product of both one and two semester courses that have been taught over a period of more than two decades. It is divided into two sections. Part I, Foundations, lays down the fundamental principles of the field of organic electronics. It is assumed that the reader has an elementary knowledge of quantum mechanics, and electricity and magnetism. A background knowledge of organic chemistry is not required. Part II, Applications, focuses on organic electronic devices. It begins with a discussion of organic thin film deposition and patterning, followed by chapters on organic light emitters, detectors, and thin film transistors. The last chapter describes several devices and phenomena that are not covered in the previous chapters, since they lie somewhat outside of the current mainstream of the field, but are nevertheless important.

Silicon Chemical Etching

Download Silicon Chemical Etching PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642687652
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Silicon Chemical Etching by : J. Grabmaier

Download or read book Silicon Chemical Etching written by J. Grabmaier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first contribution to this volume we read that the world-wide production of single crystal silicon amounts to some 2000 metric tons per year. Given the size of present-day silicon-crystals, this number is equivalent to 100000 silicon-crystals grown every year by either the Czochralski (80%) or the floating-zone (20%) technique. But, to the best of my knowledge, no coherent and comprehensive article has been written that deals with "the art and science", as well as the practical and technical aspects of growing silicon crystals by the Czochralski technique. The same could be said about the floating-zone technique were it not for the review article by W. Dietze, W. Keller and A. Miihlbauer which was published in the preceding Volume 5 ("Silicon") of this series (and for a monograph by two of the above authors published about the same time). As editor of this volume I am very glad to have succeeded in persuading two scien tists, W. Zulehner and D. Huber, of Wacker-Chemitronic GmbH - the world's largest producer of silicon-crystals - to write a comprehensive article about the practical and scientific aspects of growing silicon-crystals by the Czochralski method and about silicon wafer manufacture. I am sure that many scientists or engineers who work with silicon crystals -be it in the laboratory or in a production environment - will profit from the first article in this volume.

Silicon

Download Silicon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642681751
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Silicon by : J. Grabmaier

Download or read book Silicon written by J. Grabmaier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1.1 The Role of Silicon as a Semiconductor Silicon is unchallenged as a semiconductor base material in our present electronics indu stry. The reasons why it qualifies so strongly for this particular purpose are manyfold. The attractive combination of physical (electrical) properties of silicon and the unique properties of its native oxide layer have been the original factors for its breathtaking evolution in device technology. The majority of reasons, however, for its present status are correlated with industrial prosessing in terms of charge units ( economy), reliability (reproducibility), and flexibility, but also its availability. The latter point, in particular, plays an important role in the different long-term projects on the terrestrial application of solar cells. Practically inexhaustive resources of silicon dioxide form a sound basis even for the most pretentious programs on future alternatives to relieve the present situation in electrical power generation by photovol taics. Assuming a maximum percentage of 10% to be replaced by the year 2000 would roughly mean a cumulative annual production of 2 million metric tons of crude silicon (based on present solar cell standards)!). To illustrate the orders of magnitude that have to be discussed in pertinent programs: Today, the industrial silicon capacity of non-communistic countries (including ferrosili con and other alloys by their relative Si-content) amounts to some 2 million tons per year.

Crystal Growth in Science and Technology

Download Crystal Growth in Science and Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461305497
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Crystal Growth in Science and Technology by : H. Arend

Download or read book Crystal Growth in Science and Technology written by H. Arend and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science and art of crystal growth represent an interdisciplinary activity based on fundamental principles of physics, chemistry and crystallography. Crystal growth has contributed over the years essentially to a widening of knowledge in its basic disciplines and has penetrated practically into all fields of experimental natural sciences. It has acted, more over, in a steadily increasing manner as a link between science and technology as can be seen best, for example, from the achievements in modern microelectronics. The aim of the course "Crystal Growth in Science and Technology" being to stress the interdisciplinary character of the subject, selected fundamental principles are reviewed in the following contributions and cross links between basic and applied aspects are illustrated. It is a very well-known fact that the intensive development of crystal growth has led to a progressive narrowing of interests in highly specialized directions which is in particular harmful to young research scientists. The organizers of the course did sincerely hope that the program would help to broaden up the horizon of the participants. It was equally their wish to contribute within the traditional spirit of the school of crystallography in Erice to the promotion of mutual understanding, personal friendship and future collaboration between all those who were present at the school.

Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processes

Download Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444594183
Total Pages : 683 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processes by : Gerd Brunner

Download or read book Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processes written by Gerd Brunner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal and Supercritical Water Processes presents an overview on the properties and applications of water at elevated temperatures and pressures. It combines fundamentals with production process aspects. Water is an extraordinary substance. At elevated temperatures (and pressures) its properties change dramatically due to the modifications of the molecular structure of bulk water that varies from a stable three-dimensional network, formed by hydrogen bonds at low and moderate temperatures, to an assembly of separated polar water molecules at high and supercritical temperatures. With varying pressure and temperature, water is turned from a solvent for ionic species to a solvent for polar and non-polar substances. This variability and an enhanced reactivity of water have led to many practical applications and to even more research activities, related to such areas as energy transfer, extraction of functional molecules, unique chemical reactions, biomass conversion and fuel materials processing, destruction of dangerous compounds and recycling of useful ones, growth of monolithic crystals, and preparation of metallic nanoparticles. This book provides an introduction into the wide range of activities that are possible in aqueous mixtures. It is organized to facilitate understanding of the main features, outlines the main applications, and gives access to further information Summarizes fundamental properties of water for engineering applications Compares process and reactor designs Evaluates processes from thermodynamic, economic, and social impact viewpoints

Narrow-Gap Semiconductors

Download Narrow-Gap Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540395318
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Narrow-Gap Semiconductors by :

Download or read book Narrow-Gap Semiconductors written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Modern Crystallography III

Download Modern Crystallography III PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642818358
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Crystallography III by : A.A. Chernov

Download or read book Modern Crystallography III written by A.A. Chernov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. Crystallographic methods, pri marily x-ray diffraction analysis, penetrated into materials sciences, mol ecular physics, and chemistry, and also into many other branches of science. Later, electron and neutron diffraction structure analyses be came important since they not only complement x-ray data, but also supply new information on the atomic and the real structure of crystals. Electron microscopy and other modern methods of investigating mat ter-optical, electronic paramagnetic, nuclear magnetic, and other res onance techniques-yield a large amount of information on the atomic, electronic, and real crystal structures. Crystal physics has also undergone vigorous development. Many re markable phenomena have been discovered in crystals and then found various practical applications. Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth (which brought crystallography closer to thermodynamics and physical chem istry) and the development of the various methods of growing synthetic crystals dictated by practical needs. Man-made crystals became increas ingly important for physical investigations, and they rapidly invaded technology. The production . of synthetic crystals made a tremendous impact on the traditional branches: the mechanical treatment of mate rials, precision instrument making, and the jewelry industry.

III-V Semiconductors

Download III-V Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783642676123
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (761 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis III-V Semiconductors by : 3Island Press

Download or read book III-V Semiconductors written by 3Island Press and published by . This book was released on 1980-06-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

OLED Microdisplays

Download OLED Microdisplays PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119015065
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OLED Microdisplays by : François Templier

Download or read book OLED Microdisplays written by François Templier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microdisplays are displays requiring optical magnification and OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) are self-emitting displays where each pixel includes a LED made of organic material, in general composed of small-molecule organic material. This title reviews in detail how OLED microdisplays are made as well as how they are used. All aspects from theory to application will be addressed: basic principles, display design, display fabrication, operation and performances, present and future applications. The book will be useful to anyone interested in this rapidly developing field, such as students or researchers, industry professionals (engineers, project leaders) in the field of display development/fabrication and display end-users.

III–V Semiconductors

Download III–V Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642676130
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (761 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis III–V Semiconductors by : Herbert C. Freyhardt

Download or read book III–V Semiconductors written by Herbert C. Freyhardt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series presents critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions for growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general applicability. Responding to the ever-increasing need for crystal substances in research and industry, appropriate space will be devoted to methods of crystal characterization and analysis in the broadest sense, even though reproducible results may be expected only when structures, microstructures, and composition are really known. Relations among procedures, properties, and the morphology of crystals will also be treated with reference to specific aspects of their practical application. In this way the series will bridge the gaps between the needs of research and industry, the pos sibilities and limitations of crystal growth, and the properties of crystals. Reports on the broad spectrum of new applications - in electronics, laser tech nology, and nonlinear optics, to name only a few - will be of interest not only to industry and technology, but to wider areas of applied physics as well and to solid state physics in particular. In response to the growing interest in and importance of organic crystals and polymers, they will also be treated.

III–V Semiconductors

Download III–V Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540099574
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis III–V Semiconductors by : Herbert C. Freyhardt

Download or read book III–V Semiconductors written by Herbert C. Freyhardt and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-06-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series presents critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions for growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general applicability. Responding to the ever-increasing need for crystal substances in research and industry, appropriate space will be devoted to methods of crystal characterization and analysis in the broadest sense, even though reproducible results may be expected only when structures, microstructures, and composition are really known. Relations among procedures, properties, and the morphology of crystals will also be treated with reference to specific aspects of their practical application. In this way the series will bridge the gaps between the needs of research and industry, the pos sibilities and limitations of crystal growth, and the properties of crystals. Reports on the broad spectrum of new applications - in electronics, laser tech nology, and nonlinear optics, to name only a few - will be of interest not only to industry and technology, but to wider areas of applied physics as well and to solid state physics in particular. In response to the growing interest in and importance of organic crystals and polymers, they will also be treated.

Organic Semiconductors

Download Organic Semiconductors PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 890 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Semiconductors by : Felix Gutmann

Download or read book Organic Semiconductors written by Felix Gutmann and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organic Molecular Crystals

Download Organic Molecular Crystals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642814646
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Organic Molecular Crystals by : Edgar A. Silinsh

Download or read book Organic Molecular Crystals written by Edgar A. Silinsh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the results of many years of experimental work by the author and his colleagues, dealing with the electronic properties of organic crystals. E. Silinsh has played a leading role in pOinting out the importance of the polarization energy by an excess carrier, in determining not only the character of the carrier mobility in organic crystals, but in determining the band gap and the nature of the all-important trapping site in these crystals. The one-electron model of electronic conductivity that has been so successful in dealing with inorganic semiconductors is singular ly unsuccessful in rationalizing the unusual physical properties of organic crystals. A many-body theory is required, and the experimental manifestation of this is the central role played by the crystal polarization enerqies in transferring the results obtained with the isolated molecule, to the solid. The careful studies of E. Silinsh in this field have shown tn detail how this polarization energy develops around the excess carrier (and also the hole-electron pair) sitting on a molecular site in the crystal. As with all insulators, trapping sites playa dominant role in reducing the magnitude of ~he current that can theoretically pass through the organic crystal. It is usually the case that these trapping sites are energetically distributed within the forbidden band of the crystal. For many years, an exponential distribution has shown itself to be useful and reasonably correct: However,' E.

Physics Briefs

Download Physics Briefs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physics Briefs by :

Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physical and Inorganic Chemistry

Download Physical and Inorganic Chemistry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540120650
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Physical and Inorganic Chemistry by : J. Barthel

Download or read book Physical and Inorganic Chemistry written by J. Barthel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1983-03-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: