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Author : Dr. Chandresh Shukla
Publisher : Book Rivers
ISBN 13 : 9355151144
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (551 download)
Download or read book ORAL MICROFLORA CHANGES IN ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT written by Dr. Chandresh Shukla and published by Book Rivers. This book was released on 2022-05-24 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vinod Krishnan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119608937
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement written by Vinod Krishnan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement This new edition continues to be an authoritative reference to the scientific foundations underpinning clinical orthodontics The newly and thoroughly revised Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement delivers a comprehensive reference for orthodontic trainees and specialists. It is fully updated to include new chapters on personalized orthodontics as well as the inflammatory process occurring in the dental and paradental tissues. It is heavily illustrated throughout, making it easier for readers to understand and retain the information discussed within. The topics covered range from bone biology, the effects of mechanical loading on tissues and cells, genetics, tissue remodeling, and the effects of diet, drugs, and systemic diseases. The Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement features seven sections that cover subjects such as: The development of biological concepts in orthodontics, including the cellular and molecular biology behind orthodontic tooth movement Mechanics meets biology, including the effects of mechanical loading on hard and soft tissues and cells, and biological reactions to temporary anchorage devices Inflammation and orthodontics, including markers for tissue remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva Personalized diagnosis and treatment based on genomic criteria, including the genetic influences on orthodontic tooth movement Rapid orthodontics, including methods to accelerate or decelerate orthodontic tooth movement Perfect for residents and PhD students of orthodontic and periodontal programs, Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement is also useful to academics, clinicians, bone biologists, and researchers with an interest in the mechanics and biology of tooth movement.
Author : Andrew Hopkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Initial Changes In The Oral Microbiome In Orthodontic Patients During Treatment written by Andrew Hopkins and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The oral microbiome is host to a diverse set of microbes and is extremely dynamic depending on the environment that it is placed in. Microbial profile changes are associated with a patient's ability to practice proper oral hygiene, the diet they maintain, adequate salivary flow and composition, and a myriad of other contributing factors. Orthodontic appliances pose as an obstacle as they act as plaque retentive surfaces on the teeth and hinder the patient's ability to perform oral hygiene successfully. The inability to remove plaque allows it to develop into a mature biofilm, capable of causing dental diseases such as caries and periodontal disease.Objective: Our study aims to investigate how patients microbial profiles and gingival/plaque indices change over time comparing patients undergoing orthodontic therapy through fixed appliances with those receiving clear aligner therapy with a focus on early time points. Methods: The study was performed on a total of nine patients, five of which received fixed appliances and four received clear aligner therapy. Both supragingival and subgingival bacterial samples were collected at six different timepoints: T0 (baseline directly before orthodontic treatment commences), T1 (one-week after orthodontic treatment commences), T2 (two- weeks), T3 (three-weeks), T4 (four-week) and T5 (three-months). Additionally, at each visit the gingival and plaque indices were recorded. The indices were compared within each group at successive time points as well as between both treatment groups. The composition of the plaque samples was elucidated by extracting the DNA and performing next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Changes in plaque profiles, diversity, and overall composition were compared between timepoints and between both treatment groups. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a general trend for higher gingival indices in patients undergoing FA when compared to CA therapy, which was statistically significant at T5 (p
Author : Isaac Lucas Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780438250178
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Alterations in the Subgingival Microbiome During Orthodontic Treatment written by Isaac Lucas Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full fixed appliance orthodontic treatment commonly called braces increases plaque accumulation and risk of periodontal disease. Previously, microbial analysis was limited to cultivable bacteria using Sanger sequencing often assaying for candidate species. Considering the enormity of the oral microbiome and the restrictions of prior studies, we have utilized 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) to catalog global changes in subgingival microbiomes at distinct mandibular tooth sites in subjects before and after orthodontic treatment over 12 weeks. Subjects with braces showed significant increases and maintenance in microbial richness 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. The increase in richness was accompanied by a decrease in Streptococcus, the most abundant genera found across all samples. An increase in shared OTUs was also observed at 6-12 weeks demonstrating the tendency of subgingival microbiomes to become more uniform with orthodontic treatment. We confirmed the presence of candidate bacteria associated with periodontal diseases, and also identified numerous novel species in subgingival microbiomes that showed significant changes with orthodontic intervention. We have generated for the first time, global profiles of subgingival microbiomes during orthodontic treatment and demonstrate that traditional orthodontic treatment may predispose subjects to periodontal diseases such as gingivitis regardless of oral hygiene.
Author : Arvin Pal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Comparing Salivary and Plaque Microbiomes in Fixed Vs Removable Orthodontic Treatment written by Arvin Pal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BackgroundToday, we know that the oral microbiome is the second most abundant microbiome in the human body, after the gastrointestinal tract, and comprises a delicate ecosystem which consists of hundreds of different predominantly commensal but also pathogenic bacteria 2. The average adult can harbor as many as 100 billion bacteria in their mouth, and the accessibility of the oral cavity makes this massive microbiome uniquely convenient for scientific investigation. The most common pathologies associated with oral microorganisms are dental caries and periodontal disease. Numerous studies have shown common microbial shifts associated with oral disease, but it is not clearly exactly which bacteria are involved in these shifts, especially in patients with orthodontic appliances. ObjectiveIn this study, we analyze the salivary microbiome of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment using either traditional metal braces or removable clear aligners. The salivary microbiome of these patients is compared to the respective microbiomes found in the tooth-associated plaque above the gingival margin, as well as the plaque found on the clear aligner trays themselves, throughout the first 12 months of orthodontic treatment. Clinical data, such as plaque levels and gingival health, are also compared with changes in salivary microbial composition throughout treatment, in order to identify a potential relationship between microbial composition and oral health during orthodontic treatment. MethodsClinical data, saliva, and plaque samples were collected at the following orthodontic treatment timepoints for both clear aligner and fixed appliance patients: 0 months, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Plaque levels were quantified using Turesky et al. Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI), and 36; 37 gingival health was measured using the L e and Silness Gingival Index (GI) 38. Next generation sequencing of the V1 to V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from the saliva and plaque samples and microbial community analysis was performed. Standard microbial community data analysis was performed with bioinformatic protocols. ResultsThe average age of the fixed appliance group (23.0 13.6 years) was lower than the average age of the clear aligner group (30.9 12.3 years), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.201). Plaque and gingival index scores are significantly (p
Author : Oman Konia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book The Oral Microbiome and Clinical Changes in Patients with Fixed and Clear Aligner Orthodontic Appliance After Debonding written by Oman Konia and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background:The most popular method for addressing malocclusion is by using fixed or removable orthodontic devices. However, these appliances can inadvertently accumulate plaque shortly after their application, which can lead to an imbalance in the bacterial population. This bacterial dysbiosis could increase the risk of several health issues, including dental caries, white spot lesions, periodontal diseases, and even metabolic diseases. This research investigates the changes in the gingival and plaque indices and the bacterial composition following the removal of orthodontic devices. Moreover, this work explores the ambiguity surrounding whether microbiological and clinical changes experienced by patients during orthodontic treatment are reversible post-therapy and compares the changes for fixed and clear aligner Orthodontic appliances Objective: To analyze the initial changes in clinical parameters and plaque levels of periodontal pathogens after orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 14 patients completing orthodontic treatment ready for debonding. The Plaque Index and Gingival Index were measured as periodontal parameters. Both the plaque and gingival indexes were obtained from the central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, and first molars of both arches. Plaque and periodontal parameters were obtained at the following three-time points: at debonding (T0), 1 month (T1), and 3 months (T2) after debonding. Deep 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for the supra gingival plaques to analyze the correlation with the clinical indexes and to see the microbial community composition after debonding at 3-time points (T0, T1, and T2). Results: The Fixed appliance (FA) group had a statistically significant greater overall GI score than the Clear aligner (CA) group at time T0 (p
Author : S. Eick
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318068527
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Oral Biofilms written by S. Eick and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are highly organized polymicrobial communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and formed on natural and artificial surfaces. In the oral cavity, biofilms are formed not only on natural teeth, but also on restorative materials, prosthetic constructions, and dental implants. Oral diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and also pulp inflammation are associated with biofilms. This publication is an up-to-date overview on oral biofilms from different clinically relevant perspectives. Experts comprising basic researchers and clinicians report on recent research relating to biofilms - from general summaries to recommendations for daily clinical work. This book covers all aspects of oral biofilms, including models used in the laboratory, biofilms in dental water unit lines, periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, caries-related biofilms, halitosis, endodontic biofilms, and Candida infections, as well as biofilms on dental materials and on orthodontic appliances. Several chapters deal with anti-biofilm therapy, from the efficacy of mechanical methods and the use of antimicrobials, to alternative concepts. This publication is particularly recommended to dental medicine students, practitioners, other oral healthcare professionals, and scientists with an interest in translational research on biofilms.
Author : Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719324
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health written by Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward Viloria
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Patients written by Edward Viloria and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 700 bacterial species present in the oral cavity that exist in a complex, delicately balanced ecosystem. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances has been shown to disrupt this balance leading to an increased risk of white spot lesions, caries and periodontal disease. With the advent of clear aligners, orthodontic patients are now able to remove their appliances and perform oral hygiene more efficiently. Previous studies have examined the effects of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances on periodontal health with varying results. We examined patients at the UCLA Orthodontics Clinic with fixed appliances (n=12) and clear aligners (n=12) through the first six months of treatment. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Turesky et al. Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the L e and Silness Gingival Index (GI). Plaque was collected from anterior teeth, posterior teeth and from the inner surface of the clear aligner trays. DNA from the plaque samples was extracted and subjected to next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. There was a significant increase in PI and GI in the fixed appliance group over the first six months of treatment. In the clear aligner group, there was no significant increase in PI, but there was a significant, yet transient increase in GI that eventually returned to baseline levels. Distinct, patient-specific shifts in the microbial communities were observed in both groups upon starting treatment. The microbial community inside the clear aligners is unique and less diverse than those found on teeth, but the overall composition of tooth-associated biofilm was similar between both groups. Patients treated with fixed appliances experienced significantly more plaque accumulation on the surfaces of the teeth compared to patients treated with clear aligners. This increase in plaque accumulation in the fixed appliance group was associated with a significant increase in gingival inflammation, which was localized to the posterior teeth. The inner surfaces of the clear aligner trays harbor a unique microbial community that is less diverse than those found in tooth-associated biofilms.
Author : Egija Zaura
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195767
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Oral Microbiome in an Ecological Perspective written by Egija Zaura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oral cavity harbors an immense diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses. At health, oral microbial community is thought to be in a state of homeostasis, even after numerous perturbations (e.g., toothbrushing, food intake) a day. The breach in this homeostasis can occur for instance if the perturbations become too excessive (e.g., frequent carbohydrate intake leading to acidification of the community) or the host is compromised (e.g., inadequate immune response resulting in persistent inflammation of periodontal tissue). Aggressive antimicrobial therapy (e.g., antibiotics in case of periodontal disease or preventive antibiotic therapy before and after dental extractions) is commonly applied with all the negative consequences of this approach. So far little is known on the interplay between the environmental, host and microbial factors in maintaining an ecological balance. What are the prerequisites for a healthy oral ecosystem? Can we restore an unbalanced oral microbiome? How stable is the oral microbiome through time and how robust it is to external perturbations? Gaining new insights in the ecological factors sustaining oral health will lead to conceptually new therapies and preventive programs. Recent advances in high throughput technologies have brought microbiology as a science to a new era, allowing an open-ended approach instead of focusing on few opportunistic pathogens. With this topic we would like to integrate the current high-throughput ‘omics’ tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics or metabolomics with biochemical, physiological, genetic or clinical parameters within the oral microbial ecosystem. We aim to address questions underlying the regulation of the ecological balance in the oral cavity by including the following areas: • Ecology of oral microbiome at health • Ecology of oral microbiome under oral diseases • Ecology of oral microbiome during non-oral diseases • Shifts in the oral microbiome by therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobials, replacement therapy, pre- and probiotics) • Modeling of oral ecological shifts (e.g., animal models, in vitro microcosm models) • Complex inter- and intra-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacterial-fungal-host) related to oral ecology • Environmental (e.g., diet, tobacco), host-related (e.g., immune response, saliva composition and flow) and biotic (e.g., bacterial competition) factors influencing oral ecology • Geographic variation in oral microbial ecology and diversity
Author : Richard J. Lamont
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1555819990
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)
Download or read book Oral Microbiology and Immunology written by Richard J. Lamont and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice. The field of oral microbiology has seen fundamental conceptual changes in recent years. Microbial communities are now seen as the fundamental etiological agent in oral diseases through their interface with host inflammatory responses. Study of structured microbial communities has increased our understanding of the roles of each member in the pathogenesis of oral diseases, principles that apply to both periodontitis and dental caries. Against this backdrop, the third edition of Oral Microbiology and Immunology has been substantially expanded and rewritten by an international team of authors and editors. Featured in the current edition are: links between oral infections and systemic disease revised and updated overview of the role of the immune system in oral infections thorough discussions of biofilm development and control more extensive illustrations and Key Points for student understanding Graduate students, researchers, and clinicians as well as students will find this new edition valuable in study and practice.
Author : Willoughby Dayton Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (313 download)
Download or read book The Micro-organisms of the Human Mouth written by Willoughby Dayton Miller and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : SS Lohakare
Publisher : Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9788184482898
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (828 download)
Download or read book Orthodontic Removable Appliances written by SS Lohakare and published by Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - A complete and updated text explained in simplified and easy to grasp manner - Focuses on important orthodontic removable appliances - Covers all retentive, passive and active components, techniques of wire bending, plate construction and finishing, biomechanical consideration, practical management of different misaligned teeth, etc. Useful for students, teachers and practitioners of dentistry
Author : T. Wallace MacFarlane
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 1483183637
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)
Download or read book Clinical Oral Microbiology written by T. Wallace MacFarlane and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Oral Microbiology describes the significant models of monomicrobial and polymicrobial mechanisms of pathogenicity to appreciate the multifactorial nature of many infections. This book provides an understanding in the development of the science and practice of clinical oral microbiology. Organized into five parts encompassing 17 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various types of oral and dental infections. This text then describes the different environmental characteristics of the human mouth, which consists of a complex mixture of microbial species of bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, and protozoa. Other chapters consider the relative proportions of oral microorganisms in health. This book discusses as well the interplay of the etiological factors in dental caries. The final chapter deals with the transmission of infectious agents among patients and staff within a hospital environment, which is commonly called as cross-infection. This book is a valuable resource for microbiologists, dentists, oral pathologists, clinicians, and practitioners.
Author : Fredrik Lundström
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Promoting Dental Health in Orthodontic Patients written by Fredrik Lundström and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nicholas S. Jakubovics
Publisher : Caister Academic Press Limited
ISBN 13 : 9781908230171
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Oral Microbial Ecology written by Nicholas S. Jakubovics and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oral cavity supports a rich and diverse microbial population. Oral health is dependent on the maintenance of stable microbial communities; disease occurs when this balance is disturbed and more pathogenic species outgrow the commensals. Health and disease in the mouth are active processes in which the ecology of communities, not of single organisms, is paramount. In this book, expert contributors from around the world provide an update on recent developments in the burgeoning field of oral microbial ecology. The chapters are arranged into five sections: microbial populations in oral biofilms, the structure of oral biofilms, communication and sensing within biofilms, health to disease, and new approaches for oral biofilm control. The various topics include: population biology * detection and culture of novel oral bacteria * bacterial catabolism of salivary substrates * structural organization of oral biofilms * the extracellular polysaccharides matrix * extracellular proteins and DNA in the matrix * a holistic view of inter-species bacterial interactions * environmental sensory perception * microbial community interactions of Streptococcus mutans * biofilms in periodontal health and disease * oral biofilms as a reservoir for pathogens * oral biofilms as a device for therapeutic agents * probiotics in oral healthcare. The book is an essential text for scientists interested in oral microbiology, bacterial communities, and biofilms. It is also recommended reading for anyone working in the areas of oral health, the pathogenesis of dental caries, and periodontal disease.
Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789237343
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)
Download or read book Dental Caries written by and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information to the readers starting with the history of oral hygiene manners, and modern oral hygiene practices. It continues with the prevalence and etiology of caries and remedy of caries through natural sources. Etiology of secondary caries in prosthetic restorations and the relationship between orthodontic treatment and caries is addressed. An update of early childhood caries is presented. The use of visual-tactile method, radiography and fluorescence in caries detection is given. The book finishes with methods used for the prevention of white spot lesions and management of caries.
