Optimal And Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes

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Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : Masahiro Kawai
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451852320
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes by : Masahiro Kawai

Download or read book Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes written by Masahiro Kawai and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1992-11-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the question of how to design an optimal and sustainable exchange rate regime in a world economy of two interdependent countries. It develops a Barro-Gordon type two-country model and compares noncooperative equilibria under different assumptions of monetary policy credibility and different exchange rate regimes. Using a two-stage game approach to the strategic choice of policy instruments, it identifies optimal (in a Pare to sense) and sustainable (self-enforcing) exchange rate regimes. The theoretical results indicate that the choice of such regimes depends fundamentally on the credibility of monetary policy commitments by the two countries’ authorities. The nature of shocks to the economies and the substitutability between goods produced in the two countries also play some role. International coordination on instrument choice is necessary to design optimal and sustainable exchange rate regimes.

Exchange Rate Regime Choice

Author : Mr.Robert P. Flood
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451851324
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Regime Choice by : Mr.Robert P. Flood

Download or read book Exchange Rate Regime Choice written by Mr.Robert P. Flood and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-09-01 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally the choice of exchange rate regime has been seen as a second-best policy choice, which can be directed toward mitigating the distortionary effects of price or information rigidities. In this paradigm the optimal degree of exchange rate flexibility is found to depend of the source and nature of shocks hitting an economy. More recent literature views the exchange rate as a widely and frequently seen manifestation of government policy with careful exchange-rate management emerging as a tool that can enhance shaky policy credibility.

Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : Mr.Kenneth Rogoff
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451875843
Total Pages : 85 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes by : Mr.Kenneth Rogoff

Download or read book Evolution and Performance of Exchange Rate Regimes written by Mr.Kenneth Rogoff and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using recent advances in the classification of exchange rate regimes, this paper finds no support for the popular bipolar view that countries will tend over time to move to the polar extremes of free float or rigid peg. Rather, intermediate regimes have shown remarkable durability. The analysis suggests that as economies mature, the value of exchange rate flexibility rises. For countries at a relatively early stage of financial development and integration, fixed or relatively rigid regimes appear to offer some anti-inflation credibility gain without compromising growth objectives. As countries develop economically and institutionally, there appear to be considerable benefits to more flexible regimes. For developed countries that are not in a currency union, relatively flexible exchange rate regimes appear to offer higher growth without any cost in credibility.

Exchange Rate Regime Transitions

Author : Paul R. Masson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Regime Transitions by : Paul R. Masson

Download or read book Exchange Rate Regime Transitions written by Paul R. Masson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some have argued that the only sustainable regimes are free floating and hard exchange rate commitments--essentially currency boards or monetary unions (Eichengreen, 1994, 1998; Obstfeld and Rogoff, 1995). For instance, Eichengreen (1994, pp. 4-5) says that ..". contingent policy rules to hit explicit exchange rate targets will no longer be viable in the twenty-first century ... Countries ... will be forced to choose between floating exchange rates on the one hand and monetary unification on the other." Similarly, Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, pp. 74) state ..". there is little, if any, comfortable middle ground between floating rates and the adoption of a common currency." Hence, in the view of these authors, in the future we will see a disappearance of the middle ground that corresponds to soft commitments to some sort of intermediate exchange rate regime--adjustable pegs, crawling pegs, or bands, and perhaps also managed floating. This view is sometimes called the "two poles" or "hollowing out" (e.g., Eichengreen, 1994, pp. 6) theory of exchange rate regimes, and is based on the observation that higher capital mobility makes exchange rate commitments increasingly fragile. However, like the optimal currency area literature, which is essentially static, an explicit or implicit assumption is made that regimes are chosen to last forever, and from this perspective, one would only choose a regime that could be sustained once and for all. Only the hardest peg and the absence of any exchange rate commitment whatsoever are likely to qualify on that basis. Thus Eichengreen (1994, pp. 5), states "This will rule out the maintenance for extended periods of pegged but adjustable exchange rates, crawling pegs, and other regimes in which governments pre-announce limits on exchange rate fluctuations ..." (italics added).

Optimal Currency Areas

Author : Willem H. Buiter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (535 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal Currency Areas by : Willem H. Buiter

Download or read book Optimal Currency Areas written by Willem H. Buiter and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : Masahiro Kawai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes by : Masahiro Kawai

Download or read book Optimal and Sustainable Exchange Rate Regimes written by Masahiro Kawai and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Exchange Rate Determination and Optimal Economic Policy Under Various Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : Eelke de Jong
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Determination and Optimal Economic Policy Under Various Exchange Rate Regimes by : Eelke de Jong

Download or read book Exchange Rate Determination and Optimal Economic Policy Under Various Exchange Rate Regimes written by Eelke de Jong and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

IMF Staff papers

Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451947135
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis IMF Staff papers by : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.

Download or read book IMF Staff papers written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between the degree of wage indexation chosen by private agents and the degree of public debt indexation chosen by the government is examined. It is shown that the government is likely to increase public debt indexation in response to an increase in wage indexation. By contrast, higher public debt indexation has an ambiguous effect on wage indexation. In equilibrium, wage and public debt indexation may be positively or negatively related. This relationship is analyzed in situations where the policymakers can precommit to policies and in those they cannot.

Optimum currency area. Is a fixed exchange rate regime more suitable than a flexible one?

Author : Sofia Roth
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668717052
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (687 download)

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Book Synopsis Optimum currency area. Is a fixed exchange rate regime more suitable than a flexible one? by : Sofia Roth

Download or read book Optimum currency area. Is a fixed exchange rate regime more suitable than a flexible one? written by Sofia Roth and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, , language: English, abstract: This term paper outlines the theory of Optimum Currency Area (OCA), also known as an Optimal Currency Region (OCR). It also deals with the question under which conditions it is more suitable to have a fixed exchange rate regime or a flexible exchange rates regime in an OCA. The theory of OCA was developed in the early 1960s and deals with mixed, complicated issues of international macroeconomics and "emerged from the debate on the advantages and disadvantages of fixed versus flexible exchange rate regimes". Moreover the theory "attempts to answer the question under which circumstances it is beneficiary for a country or region to constitute a common currency area with other countries or region". This question was analyzed and contributed by the pioneered work of Mundell (1961). Other contributors at the beginning of this theory were McKinnon (1962) and Kenen (1969). Their cognition were based on founding’s by Friedman (1953) and Meade (1957).

Revised System for the Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements

Author : Mr.Harald Anderson
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451873581
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Revised System for the Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements by : Mr.Harald Anderson

Download or read book Revised System for the Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements written by Mr.Harald Anderson and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1998, the staff of the International Monetary Fund has published a classification of countries' de facto exchange rate arrangements. Experience in operating this classification system has highlighted a need for changes. The present paper provides information on revisions to the system in early 2009. The changes are expected to allow for greater consistency and objectivity of classifications across countries, expedite the classification process, conserve resources, and improve transparency.

Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : Atish R. Ghosh
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262072403
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (724 download)

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Book Synopsis Exchange Rate Regimes by : Atish R. Ghosh

Download or read book Exchange Rate Regimes written by Atish R. Ghosh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An empirical study of exchange rate regimes based on data compiled from 150 member countries of the International Monetary Fund over the past thirty years. Few topics in international economics are as controversial as the choice of an exchange rate regime. Since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in the early 1970s, countries have adopted a wide variety of regimes, ranging from pure floats at one extreme to currency boards and dollarization at the other. While a vast theoretical literature explores the choice and consequences of exchange rate regimes, the abundance of possible effects makes it difficult to establish clear relationships between regimes and common macroeconomic policy targets such as inflation and growth. This book takes a systematic look at the evidence on macroeconomic performance under alternative exchange rate regimes, drawing on the experience of some 150 member countries of the International Monetary Fund over the past thirty years. Among other questions, it asks whether pegging the exchange rate leads to lower inflation, whether floating exchange rates are associated with faster output growth, and whether pegged regimes are particularly prone to currency and other crises. The book draws on history and theory to delineate the debate and on standard statistical methods to assess the empirical evidence, and includes a CD-ROM containing the data set used.

Determinants of the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes in Six Central American Countries

Author : Mr.Michael G. Papaioannou
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451847963
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Determinants of the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes in Six Central American Countries by : Mr.Michael G. Papaioannou

Download or read book Determinants of the Choice of Exchange Rate Regimes in Six Central American Countries written by Mr.Michael G. Papaioannou and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-03-01 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines whether decisions about the appropriate exchange rate regime in six Central American countries were based on longer-run economic fundamentals or on the confluence of historical and political circumstances. To uncover any actual relationship both across countries and across time, we estimate several probit and multinomial logit models of exchange rate regime choice with data spanning the period 1974-2001. We find that theoretical long-run determinants, such as trade openness, export share with the major trading partner, economic size, and per capita income, are adequate, but not robust, predictors of exchange rate regime choice. However, we were not able to establish a statistically significant association between the terms of trade fluctuations or capital account openness and a particular regime in any specification using our sample.

Moving to a Flexible Exchange Rate

Author : Mrs.Gilda Fernandez
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589064763
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving to a Flexible Exchange Rate by : Mrs.Gilda Fernandez

Download or read book Moving to a Flexible Exchange Rate written by Mrs.Gilda Fernandez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-01-09 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing number of countries are adopting flexible exchange rate regimes because flexibility offers more protection against external shocks and greater monetary independence. Other countries have made the transition under disorderly conditions, with the sharp depreciation of their currency during a crisis. Regardless of the reason for adopting a flexible exchange rate, a successful transition depends on the effective management of a number of institutional and operational issues. The authors of this Economic Issue describe the necessary ingredients for moving to a flexible regime, as well as the optimal pace and sequencing under different conditions.

Monetary Contracting Between Central Banks and the Design of Sustainable Exchange-rate Zones

Author : Francisco Delgado
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Monetary Contracting Between Central Banks and the Design of Sustainable Exchange-rate Zones by : Francisco Delgado

Download or read book Monetary Contracting Between Central Banks and the Design of Sustainable Exchange-rate Zones written by Francisco Delgado and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exchange-rate system is a set of contracts which commits central banks to intervene in the foreign-exchange market. The design features of the system include: the rules of intervention, the limits placed on exchange rates and the "crisis scenario" which describes possible transitions to new regimes in case one central bank runs out of reserves or borrowing capacity. This paper considers the various trade-offs one faces in designing an exchange-rate system. Svensson (1989) has already analyzed the degree of variability in the exchange rate, the interest rate and the fundamentals. But the tradeoff also pertains to the amount of reserves which the central banks must have on hand in order to forestall a speculative attack and make the system sustainable. The amount of reserves needed depends crucially on the assured crisis scenario

The Collapse of Exchange Rate Regimes

Author : George S. Tavlas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461562899
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis The Collapse of Exchange Rate Regimes by : George S. Tavlas

Download or read book The Collapse of Exchange Rate Regimes written by George S. Tavlas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ical) and to self-fulfilling currency crisis, respectively. Research stressing the former approach was pioneered by Krugman (1979) and Flood and Garber (1984). According to this line of research, the failure of governments to adopt domestic monetary and fiscal policies consistent with their stated exchange rate targets leads to a gradual diminution of reserves and eventually a stock adjustment that depletes reserves suddenly in one attack (Sachs, Tornell, and Velasco, 1996, page 47). The result is either a devaluation of the exchange rate or a switch to floating. Subsequent work of this genre has specified a number of other channels, in addition to that involving inconsistent and unsustainable monetary and fiscal policies, that can precipitate an attack: 1. Inconsistency between external and internal objectives. The stances of monetary and fiscal policies may be consistent with the authorities' exchange rate target, but domestic economic indicators (such as the unemployment rate) may be inconsistent with internal balance, resulting in pressures on the authorities to relax macroeconomic policies. Private agents, aware of this inconsistency, perceive an opportunity for profits from a currency devaluation and precipitate an attack. 2. Contagion effects. Prior to an attack on another currency (say that of country B), the market may view a country's (say, country A's) exchange rate as consistent with economic fundamentals and, thus, sustainable.

Fix Vs. Float: Evaluating the Transition to a Sustainable Equilibrium in Bolivia

Author : Andres Gonzalez
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Fix Vs. Float: Evaluating the Transition to a Sustainable Equilibrium in Bolivia by : Andres Gonzalez

Download or read book Fix Vs. Float: Evaluating the Transition to a Sustainable Equilibrium in Bolivia written by Andres Gonzalez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bolivia has achieved noteworthy success over the past 15 years in raising incomes, reducing poverty, and maintaining macroeconomic stability by deploying commodity revenues to finance transfers, public investment, and state-led development, using an exchange rate peg as a policy anchor. However, with the end of the commodity boom in 2014, fiscal deficits have grown and reserves have fallen. One route to restoring long-run sustainability would be to combine fiscal consolidation with a switch to a floating exchange rate. However, a preference for maintaining the peg could be accommodated with adjustments elsewhere in the policy framework. Employing a detailed dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model of the Bolivian economy, this study assesses the long-run sustainability and relative benefits of alternative policy combinations, and calculates optimal adjustment paths for the transition from the present situation to the steady state. It concludes that continued adherence to a fixed-rate regime, while not optimal, is feasible, if supported by a larger fiscal effort.

Choosing an Exchange Rate Regime

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455292060
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (552 download)

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Book Synopsis Choosing an Exchange Rate Regime by : International Monetary Fund

Download or read book Choosing an Exchange Rate Regime written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1990-09-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers, edited by Victor Argy and Paul De Grauwe, examines issues surrounding the choice of exchange rate regime in smaller industrial countries. It contains a comprehensive summary by Jacques J. Polak.