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Optical Modulation And Detection Techniques For High Spectral Efficiency
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Book Synopsis Optical Modulation and Detection Techniques for High-spectral Efficiency by : Cheng-Chung Chien
Download or read book Optical Modulation and Detection Techniques for High-spectral Efficiency written by Cheng-Chung Chien and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of advanced multilevel modulation and detection technologies is important for enabling efficient lightwave transmission of high-bit rate services, such as 40G Synchronous Optical Network (SONET/SDH) and 100G Ethernet. In this dissertation, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated several modulation and detection techniques for different optical modulation formats.
Book Synopsis Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks by : Xiang Zhou
Download or read book Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks written by Xiang Zhou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks Presents the technological advancements that enable high spectral-efficiency and high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems and networks This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers. Contains basic theories and up-to-date technology advancements in each chapter Describes how capacity-approaching coding schemes based on low-density parity check (LDPC) and spatially coupled LDPC codes can be constructed by combining iterative demodulation and decoding Demonstrates that fiber nonlinearities can be accurately described by some analytical models, such as GN-EGN model Presents impairment equalization and mitigation techniques Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks is a reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies by : Masataka Nakazawa
Download or read book High Spectral Density Optical Communication Technologies written by Masataka Nakazawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth of Internet traf?c in recent years surpassed the prediction of one decade ago. Data stream in individual countries already reached terabit/s level. To cope with the petabit class demands of traf?c in coming years the communication engineers are required to go beyond the incremental improvement of today’s technology. A most promising breakthrough would be the introduction of modulation f- mats enabling higher spectral ef?ciency than that of binary on–off keying scheme, virtually the global standard of ?ber-optic communication systems. In wireless communication systems, techniques of high spectral density modulation have been well developed, but the required techniques in optical frequency domain are much more complicated because of the heavier ?uctuation levels. Therefore the past trials of coherent optical modulation/detection schemes were not successful. However, the addition of high-speed digital signal processing technology is the fundam- tal difference between now and two decades ago, when trials of optical coherent communication systems were investigated very seriously. This approach of digital coherent technology has attracted keen interest among communication specialists, as indicated by the rapid increase in the pioneering presentations at the post-deadline sessions of major international conferences. For example, 32 terabit/s transmission in a ?ber experiment based on this technology was reported in post-deadline session of Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2009. The advancement of the digital coherent technologies will inevitably affect the network architecture in terms of the network resource management for the new generation photonic networks, rather than will simply provide with huge transmission capacity.
Book Synopsis Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing for Optical Communications by : Daniel Jose Fernandes Barros
Download or read book Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing for Optical Communications written by Daniel Jose Fernandes Barros and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive towards higher spectral efficiency and maximum power efficiency in optical systems has generated renewed interest in the optimization of optical transceivers. In this work, we study the different optical applications: Wide Area Networks (WANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Local Area Networks (LANs) and Personal Area Networks (PANs). In WANs or long-haul systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) can compensate for linear distortions, such as group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), provided the cyclic prefix is sufficiently long. Typically, GVD is dominant, as it requires a longer cyclic prefix. Assuming coherent detection, we show how to analytically compute the minimum number of subcarriers and cyclic prefix length required to achieve a specified power penalty, trading off power penalties from the cyclic prefix and from residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). We derive an analytical expression for the power penalty from residual ISI and ICI. We also show that when nonlinear effects are present in the fiber, single-carrier with digital equalization outperforms OFDM for various dispersion maps. We also study the impairments of electrical to optical conversion when using Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators. OFDM has a high peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which can result in low optical power efficiency when modulated through a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In addition, the nonlinear characteristic of the MZ can cause significant distortion on the OFDM signal, leading to in-band intermodulation products between subcarriers. We show that a quadrature MZ with digital pre-distortion and hard clipping is able to overcome the previous impairments. We consider quantization noise and compute the minimum number of bits required in the digital-to-analog converter (D/A). Finally, we discuss a dual-drive MZ as a simpler alternative for the OFDM modulator, but our results show that it requires a higher oversampling ratio to achieve the same performance as the quadrature MZ. In MANs, we discuss the use OFDM for combating GVD effects in amplified direct-detection (DD) systems using single-mode fiber. We review known direct-detection OFDM techniques, including asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), DC-clipped OFDM (DC-OFDM) and single-sideband OFDM (SSB-OFDM), and derive a linearized channel model for each technique. We present an iterative procedure to achieve optimum power allocation for each OFDM technique, since there is no closed-form solution for amplified DD systems. For each technique, we minimize the optical power required to transmit at a given bit rate and normalized GVD by iteratively adjusting the bias and optimizing the power allocation among the subcarriers. We verify that SSB-OFDM has the best optical power efficiency among the different OFDM techniques. We compare these OFDM techniques to on-off keying (OOK) with maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) and show that SSB-OFDM can achieve the same optical power efficiency as OOK with MLSD, but at the cost of requiring twice the electrical bandwidth and also a complex quadrature modulator. We compare the computational complexity of the different techniques and show that SSB-OFDM requires fewer operations per bit than OOK with MLSD. In LANs, we compare the performance of several OFDM schemes to that of OOK in combating modal dispersion in multimode fiber links. We review known OFDM techniques using intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD), including DC-OFDM, ACO-OFDM and pulse-amplitude modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT). We describe an iterative procedure to achieve optimal power allocation for DC-OFDM, and compare analytically the performance of ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT. We also consider unipolar M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (M-PAM) with minimum mean-square error decision-feedback equalization (MMSE-DFE). For each technique, we quantify the optical power required to transmit at a given bit rate in a variety of multimode fibers. For a given symbol rate, we find that unipolar M-PAM with MMSE-DFE has a better power performance than all OFDM formats. Furthermore, we observe that the difference in performance between M-PAM and OFDM increases as the spectral efficiency increases. We also find that at a spectral efficiency of 1 bit/symbol, OOK performs better than ACO-OFDM using a symbol rate twice that of OOK. At higher spectral efficiencies, M-PAM performs only slightly better than ACO-OFDM using twice the symbol rate, but requires less electrical bandwidth and can employ analog-to-digital converters at a speed only 81% of that required for ACO-OFDM. In PANs, we evaluate the performance of the three IM/DD OFDM schemes in combating multipath distortion in indoor optical wireless links, comparing them to unipolar M-PAM with MMSE-DFE. For each modulation method, we quantify the received electrical SNR required at a given bit rate on a given channel, considering an ensemble of 170 indoor wireless channels. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM with MMSE-DFE has better performance than any OFDM format over a range of spectral efficiencies, with the advantage of M-PAM increasing at high spectral efficiency. ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT have practically identical performance at any spectral efficiency. They are the best OFDM formats at low spectral efficiency, whereas DC-OFDM is best at high spectral efficiency. When ACO-OFDM or PAM-DMT are allowed to use twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, these OFDM formats have better performance than M-PAM. When channel state information is unavailable at the transmitter, however, M-PAM significantly outperforms all OFDM formats. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM requires approximately three times more computational complexity per processor than all OFDM formats and 63% faster analog-to-digital converters, assuming oversampling ratios of 1.23 and 2 for ACO-OFDM and M-PAM, respectively. When OFDM uses twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, OFDM requires 23% faster analog-to-digital converters than M-PAM but OFDM requires approximately 40% less computational complexity than M-PAM per processor.
Book Synopsis High-Order Modulation for Optical Fiber Transmission by : Matthias Seimetz
Download or read book High-Order Modulation for Optical Fiber Transmission written by Matthias Seimetz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-24 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catering to the current interest in increasing the spectral efficiency of optical fiber networks by the deployment of high-order modulation formats, this monograph describes transmitters, receivers and performance of optical systems with high-order phase and quadrature amplitude modulation. In the first part of the book, the author discusses various transmitter implementation options as well as several receiver concepts based on direct and coherent detection, including designs of new structures. Hereby, both optical and electrical parts are considered, allowing the assessment of practicability and complexity. In the second part, a detailed characterization of optical fiber transmission systems is presented, regarding a wide range of modulation formats. It provides insight in the fundamental behavior of different formats with respect to relevant performance degradation effects and identifies the major trends in system performance.
Book Synopsis Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks by : Xiang Zhou
Download or read book Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks written by Xiang Zhou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks Presents the technological advancements that enable high spectral-efficiency and high-capacity fiber-optic communication systems and networks This book examines key technology advances in high spectral-efficiency fiber-optic communication systems and networks, enabled by the use of coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP). The first of this book’s 16 chapters is a detailed introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the modulation formats, while Chapter 3 focuses on detection and error correction technologies for coherent optical communication systems. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to Nyquist-WDM and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). In chapter 6, polarization and nonlinear impairments in coherent optical communication systems are discussed. The fiber nonlinear effects in a non-dispersion-managed system are covered in chapter 7. Chapter 8 describes linear impairment equalization and Chapter 9 discusses various nonlinear mitigation techniques. Signal synchronization is covered in Chapters 10 and 11. Chapter 12 describes the main constraints put on the DSP algorithms by the hardware structure. Chapter 13 addresses the fundamental concepts and recent progress of photonic integration. Optical performance monitoring and elastic optical network technology are the subjects of Chapters 14 and 15. Finally, Chapter 16 discusses spatial-division multiplexing and MIMO processing technology, a potential solution to solve the capacity limit of single-mode fibers. Contains basic theories and up-to-date technology advancements in each chapter Describes how capacity-approaching coding schemes based on low-density parity check (LDPC) and spatially coupled LDPC codes can be constructed by combining iterative demodulation and decoding Demonstrates that fiber nonlinearities can be accurately described by some analytical models, such as GN-EGN model Presents impairment equalization and mitigation techniques Enabling Technologies for High Spectral-efficiency Coherent Optical Communication Networks is a reference for researchers, engineers, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Digital Signal Processing For High-speed Optical Communication by : Jianjun Yu
Download or read book Digital Signal Processing For High-speed Optical Communication written by Jianjun Yu and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing tendency to integrate optical communication with wireless communication to satisfy continuously emerging (new) data communication demands. Thus, optical-wireless-integrated access networks and transmission systems, as well as LED-based visible light communication are attracting ever increasing research interest. Digital signal processing (DSP) is one new technology for optical transmission. As such this book is designed to pave the way to the better understanding of the deployment of DSP in optical fiber communication systems.Digital Signal Processing for High-Speed Optical Communication covers a wide area of DSP topics in optical communications, and describes state-of-the-art digital signal processing techniques for high-speed optical communication. In this book, numerous advanced digital signal processing techniques aiming at the promotion of the capacity increase and performance improvement of optical or optical-wireless communication systems and networks are presented and explained. Coverage includes new technologies, optical filter with MLSE, and new pre-coding and pre-equalization applicable to single-carrier and multi-carrier, direct-detection and coherent-detection optical commutation systems and networks.
Book Synopsis Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications by : Zhongqi Pan
Download or read book Advanced DSP Techniques for High-Capacity and Energy-Efficient Optical Fiber Communications written by Zhongqi Pan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid proliferation of the Internet has been driving communication networks closer and closer to their limits, while available bandwidth is disappearing due to an ever-increasing network load. Over the past decade, optical fiber communication technology has increased per fiber data rate from 10 Tb/s to exceeding 10 Pb/s. The major explosion came after the maturity of coherent detection and advanced digital signal processing (DSP). DSP has played a critical role in accommodating channel impairments mitigation, enabling advanced modulation formats for spectral efficiency transmission and realizing flexible bandwidth. This book aims to explore novel, advanced DSP techniques to enable multi-Tb/s/channel optical transmission to address pressing bandwidth and power-efficiency demands. It provides state-of-the-art advances and future perspectives of DSP as well.
Book Synopsis Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing for Optical Communications by : Daniel Jose Fernandes Barros
Download or read book Orthogonal Frequency-division Multiplexing for Optical Communications written by Daniel Jose Fernandes Barros and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The drive towards higher spectral efficiency and maximum power efficiency in optical systems has generated renewed interest in the optimization of optical transceivers. In this work, we study the different optical applications: Wide Area Networks (WANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Local Area Networks (LANs) and Personal Area Networks (PANs). In WANs or long-haul systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) can compensate for linear distortions, such as group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), provided the cyclic prefix is sufficiently long. Typically, GVD is dominant, as it requires a longer cyclic prefix. Assuming coherent detection, we show how to analytically compute the minimum number of subcarriers and cyclic prefix length required to achieve a specified power penalty, trading off power penalties from the cyclic prefix and from residual inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). We derive an analytical expression for the power penalty from residual ISI and ICI. We also show that when nonlinear effects are present in the fiber, single-carrier with digital equalization outperforms OFDM for various dispersion maps. We also study the impairments of electrical to optical conversion when using Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators. OFDM has a high peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which can result in low optical power efficiency when modulated through a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator. In addition, the nonlinear characteristic of the MZ can cause significant distortion on the OFDM signal, leading to in-band intermodulation products between subcarriers. We show that a quadrature MZ with digital pre-distortion and hard clipping is able to overcome the previous impairments. We consider quantization noise and compute the minimum number of bits required in the digital-to-analog converter (D/A). Finally, we discuss a dual-drive MZ as a simpler alternative for the OFDM modulator, but our results show that it requires a higher oversampling ratio to achieve the same performance as the quadrature MZ. In MANs, we discuss the use OFDM for combating GVD effects in amplified direct-detection (DD) systems using single-mode fiber. We review known direct-detection OFDM techniques, including asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), DC-clipped OFDM (DC-OFDM) and single-sideband OFDM (SSB-OFDM), and derive a linearized channel model for each technique. We present an iterative procedure to achieve optimum power allocation for each OFDM technique, since there is no closed-form solution for amplified DD systems. For each technique, we minimize the optical power required to transmit at a given bit rate and normalized GVD by iteratively adjusting the bias and optimizing the power allocation among the subcarriers. We verify that SSB-OFDM has the best optical power efficiency among the different OFDM techniques. We compare these OFDM techniques to on-off keying (OOK) with maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) and show that SSB-OFDM can achieve the same optical power efficiency as OOK with MLSD, but at the cost of requiring twice the electrical bandwidth and also a complex quadrature modulator. We compare the computational complexity of the different techniques and show that SSB-OFDM requires fewer operations per bit than OOK with MLSD. In LANs, we compare the performance of several OFDM schemes to that of OOK in combating modal dispersion in multimode fiber links. We review known OFDM techniques using intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD), including DC-OFDM, ACO-OFDM and pulse-amplitude modulated discrete multitone (PAM-DMT). We describe an iterative procedure to achieve optimal power allocation for DC-OFDM, and compare analytically the performance of ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT. We also consider unipolar M-ary pulse-amplitude modulation (M-PAM) with minimum mean-square error decision-feedback equalization (MMSE-DFE). For each technique, we quantify the optical power required to transmit at a given bit rate in a variety of multimode fibers. For a given symbol rate, we find that unipolar M-PAM with MMSE-DFE has a better power performance than all OFDM formats. Furthermore, we observe that the difference in performance between M-PAM and OFDM increases as the spectral efficiency increases. We also find that at a spectral efficiency of 1 bit/symbol, OOK performs better than ACO-OFDM using a symbol rate twice that of OOK. At higher spectral efficiencies, M-PAM performs only slightly better than ACO-OFDM using twice the symbol rate, but requires less electrical bandwidth and can employ analog-to-digital converters at a speed only 81% of that required for ACO-OFDM. In PANs, we evaluate the performance of the three IM/DD OFDM schemes in combating multipath distortion in indoor optical wireless links, comparing them to unipolar M-PAM with MMSE-DFE. For each modulation method, we quantify the received electrical SNR required at a given bit rate on a given channel, considering an ensemble of 170 indoor wireless channels. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM with MMSE-DFE has better performance than any OFDM format over a range of spectral efficiencies, with the advantage of M-PAM increasing at high spectral efficiency. ACO-OFDM and PAM-DMT have practically identical performance at any spectral efficiency. They are the best OFDM formats at low spectral efficiency, whereas DC-OFDM is best at high spectral efficiency. When ACO-OFDM or PAM-DMT are allowed to use twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, these OFDM formats have better performance than M-PAM. When channel state information is unavailable at the transmitter, however, M-PAM significantly outperforms all OFDM formats. When using the same symbol rate for all modulation methods, M-PAM requires approximately three times more computational complexity per processor than all OFDM formats and 63% faster analog-to-digital converters, assuming oversampling ratios of 1.23 and 2 for ACO-OFDM and M-PAM, respectively. When OFDM uses twice the symbol rate of M-PAM, OFDM requires 23% faster analog-to-digital converters than M-PAM but OFDM requires approximately 40% less computational complexity than M-PAM per processor.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Compensation Experiments on Free-space Optical Coherent Communication Systems by : Esdras Anzuola Valencia
Download or read book Atmospheric Compensation Experiments on Free-space Optical Coherent Communication Systems written by Esdras Anzuola Valencia and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last years free-space optical communications systems for wireless links have been proposed, studied, and implemented mainly due to the higher bandwidth that this technology is able to provide. Still, radio frequency (RF) systems have been maintained in practical wireless communications systems due to the improvement of the microwave sources and the development of high speed electronics. Nowadays the circumstances are changing as a consequence of the increasing data-rate needed in terrestrial and outer space communications. The shift from RF systems to optical communication systems in the free space applications provide a wide set of advantageous characteristics that are motivating the use of these optical technologies in detriment of the RF systems. One of the key reasons is the advantage of working with optical wavelengths in compare to the RF spectral band. As well as the already mentioned increase in the available bandwidth due to the fact that higher optical frequencies directly mean wider bandwidths, the use of optical frequencies lead to a better performance in terms of the received power: for equal antenna sizes the received signal goes inversely as the square of the wavelength. Of the most interest, recent coherent optical communication systems address modulation and detection techniques for high spectral efficiency and robustness against transmission impairments. Coherent detection is an advanced detection technique for achieving high spectral efficiency and maximizing power or signal-to-noise (SNR) efficiency, as symbol decisions are made using the in-phase and quadrature signals, allowing information to be encoded in all the available degrees of freedom. In this context, the effects of Earth's atmosphere must be taken into account. Turbulenceinduced wavefront distortions affect the transmitted beam responsible for deterioration of the link bit error rate (BER). The use of adaptive optics to mitigate turbulence-induced phase fluctuations in links employing coherent (synchronous) detection is poised to reduce performance penalties enabling a more capable next generation of free-space optical communications. In this work, we describe the implementation of a free space optical coherent communication system using QPSK modulation and heterodyne downconvertion that uses adaptive optics techniques and digital signal processing to mitigate turbulenceinduced phase fluctuations and channel impairments in coherent receivers. A new method for generating atmospheric turbulence based on binary computer generated holography (BCGH) using binary arrays is presented and its performance is evaluated. The feasibility of FSO coherent systems working with adaptive optics is demonstrated and the system performance in terms of the BER is experimentally evaluated under the influence of atmospheric turbulence. The resulting system performance is compared against the theoretical models. The viability of the approach to improve the system efficiency and sensitivity of coherent receivers is experimentally demonstrated.
Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Xi Chen
Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Xi Chen and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this chapter, we present an overview of multicarrier transmission and its application to optical communication. Specifically, we first introduce the historical perspectives in the development of optical multicarrier technologies. We then present different variants of optical multicarrier transmission. We also highlight the problem of fiber nonlinearity in optical multicarrier transmission systems and present an analysis of fiber capacity under nonlinear impairments. Furthermore, we discuss applications of multicarrier techniques to long-haul systems, access networks, and free-space optical communication systems. Finally, we summarize with some possible research directions in implementing multicarrier technologies in optical transmission.
Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB by : Jin-xing Cai
Download or read book Optical Fiber Telecommunications VIB written by Jin-xing Cai and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-11 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing demand for capacity has driven the telecommunications community to focus on transmission studies with higher data rates and increasing spectral efficiency. However, high data rates and high SE are particularly challenging for transoceanic cable systems due to their extremely long transmission distances. With the advent of digital coherent receivers, the channel data rate has increased from 40Gb/s to 100Gb/s and beyond; the spectral efficiency has increased from 80% (0.8bits/s/Hz) to the most recent 600% (6bits/s/Hz); and the total capacity has increased from 6Tb/s to the most recent 30Tb/s. This chapter gives an overview of the most recent advances in undersea transmission technology since the last edition of Optical Fiber Telecommunications in 2007 focusing on coherent technology and 100Gb/s transmission.
Book Synopsis Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks by : Milorad Cvijetic
Download or read book Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks written by Milorad Cvijetic and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2013 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This resource provides the latest details on 5th generation photonic systems that can be readily applied to projects in the field. Moreover, the book provides valuable, time-saving tools for network simulation and modeling. It includes coverage of optical signal transmission systems and networks; a wide range of critical methods and techniques, such as MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) by employing spatial modes in few-mode and multicore optical fiber; OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) utilized to enhance the spectral efficiency and to enable elastic optical networking schemes; and advanced modulation and coding schemes to approach the Shannon's channel capacity limit. There are detailed discussions on the basic principles and applications of high-speed digital signal processing, as well as description of the most relevant post-detection compensation techniques
Book Synopsis Coded Modulation for High Speed Optical Transport Networks by :
Download or read book Coded Modulation for High Speed Optical Transport Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time where almost 1.75 billion people around the world use the Internet on a regular basis, optical communication over optical fibers that is used in long distance and high demand applications has to be capable of providing higher communication speed and re-liability. In recent years, strong demand is driving the dense wavelength division multip-lexing network upgrade from 10 Gb/s per channel to more spectrally-efficient 40 Gb/s or 100 Gb/s per wavelength channel, and beyond. The 100 Gb/s Ethernet is currently under standardization, and in a couple of years 1 Tb/s Ethernet is going to be standardized as well for different applications, such as the local area networks (LANs) and the wide area networks (WANs). The major concern about such high data rates is the degradation in the signal quality due to linear and non-linear impairments, in particular polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and intrachannel nonlinearities. Moreover, the higher speed transceivers are expensive, so the alternative approaches of achieving the required rates is preferably done using commercially available components operating at lower speeds. In this dissertation, different LDPC-coded modulation techniques are presented to offer a higher spectral efficiency and/or power efficiency, in addition to offering aggregate rates that can go up to 1Tb/s per wavelength. These modulation formats are based on the bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) and include: (i) three-dimensional LDPC-coded modulation using hybrid direct and coherent detection, (ii) multidimensional LDPC-coded modulation, (iii) subcarrier-multiplexed four-dimensional LDPC-coded modulation, (iv) hybrid subcarrier/amplitude/phase/polarization LDPC-coded modulation, and (v) iterative polar quantization based LDPC-coded modulation.
Book Synopsis Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Coherent Optical Communication by : Gilad Goldfarb
Download or read book Digital Signal Processing Techniques for Coherent Optical Communication written by Gilad Goldfarb and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coherent detection with subsequent digital signal processing (DSP) is developed, analyzed theoretically and numerically and experimentally demonstrated in various fiber-optic transmission scenarios. The use of DSP in conjunction with coherent detection unleashes the benefits of coherent detection which rely on the preservation of full information of the incoming field. These benefits include high receiver sensitivity, the ability to achieve high spectral-efficiency and the use of advanced modulation formats. With the immense advancements in DSP speeds, many of the problems hindering the use of coherent detection in optical transmission systems have been eliminated. Most notably, DSP alleviates the need for hardware phase-locking and polarization tracking, which can now be achieved in the digital domain. The complexity previously associated with coherent detection is hence significantly diminished and coherent detection is once again considered a feasible detection alternative. In this thesis, several aspects of coherent detection (with or without subsequent DSP) are addressed. Coherent detection is presented as a means to extend the dispersion limit of a duobinary signal using an analog decision-directed phase-lock loop. Analytical bit-error ratio estimation for quadrature phase-shift keying signals is derived. To validate the promise for high spectral efficiency, the orthogonal-wavelength-division multiplexing scheme is suggested. In this scheme the WDM channels are spaced at the symbol rate, thus achieving the spectral efficiency limit. Theory, simulation and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Infinite impulse response filtering is shown to be an efficient alternative to finite impulse response filtering for chromatic dispersion compensation. Theory, design considerations, simulation and experimental results relating to this topic are presented. Interaction between fiber dispersion and nonlinearity remains the last major challenge deterministic effects pose for long-haul optical data transmission. Experimental results which demonstrate the possibility to digitally mitigate both dispersion and nonlinearity are presented. Impairment compensation is achieved using backward propagation by implementing the split-step method. Efficient realizations of the dispersion compensation operator used in this implementation are considered. Infinite-impulse response and wavelet-based filtering are both investigated as a means to reduce the required computational load associated with signal backward-propagation. Possible future research directions conclude this dissertation.
Book Synopsis Optical Modulation by : Le Nguyen Binh
Download or read book Optical Modulation written by Le Nguyen Binh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books aims to present fundamental aspects of optical communication techniques and advanced modulation techniques and extensive applications of optical communications systems and networks employing single-mode optical fibers as the transmission system. New digital techqniues such as chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, nonlinear phase distortion effects, etc. will be discussed. Practical models for practice and understanding the behavior and dynamics of the devices and systems will be included.
Book Synopsis OFDM for Optical Communications by : William Shieh
Download or read book OFDM for Optical Communications written by William Shieh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book on optical OFDM by the leading pioneers in the field The only book to cover error correction codes for optical OFDM Gives applications of OFDM to free-space communications, optical access networks, and metro and log haul transports show optical OFDM can be implemented Contains introductions to signal processing for optical engineers and optical communication fundamentals for wireless engineers This book gives a coherent and comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of OFDM signal processing, with a distinctive focus on its broad range of applications. It evaluates the architecture, design and performance of a number of OFDM variations, discusses coded OFDM, and gives a detailed study of error correction codes for access networks, 100 Gb/s Ethernet and future optical networks. The emerging applications of optical OFDM, including single-mode fiber transmission, multimode fiber transmission, free space optical systems, and optical access networks are examined, with particular attention paid to passive optical networks, radio-over-fiber, WiMAX and UWB communications. Written by two of the leading contributors to the field, this book will be a unique reference for optical communications engineers and scientists. Students, technical managers and telecom executives seeking to understand this new technology for future-generation optical networks will find the book invaluable. William Shieh is an associate professor and reader in the electrical and electronic engineering department, The University of Melbourne, Australia. He received his M.S. degree in electrical engineering and Ph.D. degree in physics both from University of Southern California. Ivan Djordjevic is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Arizona, Tucson, where he directs the Optical Communications Systems Laboratory (OCSL). His current research interests include optical networks, error control coding, constrained coding, coded modulation, turbo equalization, OFDM applications, and quantum error correction. "This wonderful book is the first one to address the rapidly emerging optical OFDM field. Written by two leading researchers in the field, the book is structured to comprehensively cover any optical OFDM aspect one could possibly think of, from the most fundamental to the most specialized. The book adopts a coherent line of presentation, while striking a thoughtful balance between the various topics, gradually developing the optical-physics and communication-theoretic concepts required for deep comprehension of the topic, eventually treating the multiple optical OFDM methods, variations and applications. In my view this book will remain relevant for many years to come, and will be increasingly accessed by graduate students, accomplished researchers as well as telecommunication engineers and managers keen to attain a perspective on the emerging role of OFDM in the evolution of photonic networks." -- Prof. Moshe Nazarathy, EE Dept., Technion, Israel Institute of Technology The first book on optical OFDM by the leading pioneers in the field The only book to cover error correction codes for optical OFDM Applications of OFDM to free-space communications, optical access networks, and metro and log haul transports show optical OFDM can be implemented An introduction to signal processing for optical communications An introduction to optical communication fundamentals for the wireless engineer
