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Ontogeny Of The Immune System Of The Gut
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Book Synopsis Ontogeny of the Immune System of the Gut by : Thomas T. MacDonald
Download or read book Ontogeny of the Immune System of the Gut written by Thomas T. MacDonald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-09-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book highlights studies on the development of the mucosal immune system in the human fetus, the factors important in the development of the various compartments of this system, and the mechanisms by which the human neonate protects itself against gut allergy and infection. Other topics include the development of the gut immune system in rodents and other veterinary species in which important areas such as the intestinal uptake of the maternal immunoglobulins have been characterized, as well as immunocompetence of the human fetus. The book provides essential reference material for immunologists, pediatricians, and other researchers interested in the features unique to the development of the gut immune system in utero and post-natally in different species.
Book Synopsis The ontogeny of the immune system by : Peter J. Heidt
Download or read book The ontogeny of the immune system written by Peter J. Heidt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research
Book Synopsis Studies on the Ontogeny of the Mouse Immune System by : M. L. Tyan
Download or read book Studies on the Ontogeny of the Mouse Immune System written by M. L. Tyan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of potential immunologically competent cells in the various tissues of embryonic, newborn and adult mice was demonstrated by means of a modified 'graft-vs-host' method and by the injection of chromosomally marked cells into irradiated recipients. The results indicate that lymphoid stem cells which have the potential to participate in cell-bound immune reactions appear in the placenta and liver by the 9th or 10th day of gestation. Throughout pregnancy they are found in the liver. During the 11th to 14th days of gestation these stem cells are present in the upper trunk or in the thymus. On about the 15th day they appear in the lung and toward the end of the pregnancy in the fetal bone marrow and spleen. There was little or no evidence of the presence of lymphoid precursors capable of maturation to cells which mediate cell-bound immune responses in the gut prior to birth. Following parturition lymphoid stem cells were present in the liver, Peyer's patches, lung, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, blood and thymus. However, by six weeks after birth the bone marrow appeared to be the major or sole source of these cells. Certain of the data suggest that immunoglobulin producing cells (as opposed to those which mediate cell-bound immunity) may arise in the yolk sac on the 9th or 10th day of gestation. Further, these immunoglobulin producing cells may reside in the gut as a relatively pure cell population after the 16th day of gestation. (Author).
Book Synopsis Neonatal Hematology by : Pedro A. de Alarcón
Download or read book Neonatal Hematology written by Pedro A. de Alarcón and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential guide to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of hematologic problems in the neonate, covering erythrocyte disorders, leukocyte disorders, immunologic disorders and hemostatic disorders. Guidance is practical, including blood test interpretation, advice on transfusions and reference ranges for hematological values.
Book Synopsis Ontogeny of the Mouse Immune System: Immunoglobulin Producing Cells by : Marvin L. Tyan
Download or read book Ontogeny of the Mouse Immune System: Immunoglobulin Producing Cells written by Marvin L. Tyan and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When mouse fetal tissues of various ages were transferred to allogeneic or congenic hosts which differed from the immunoglobulin locus Ig 1, it was found that cells which have the potential to differentiate into immunoglobulin producing cells appear in the yolk sac, liver and caudal half of the embryo by the 9th day of gestation. Late in pregnancy these cells are found in the thymus, gut, lung, spleen, femur and peripheral blood. Certain of the data suggest that immunoglobulin producing cell lines and those which mediate cell-bound immune response arise early ingestation as separate cell populations. Further, it was shown that immunoglobulin synthesis per se is independent of the thymus. (Author).
Book Synopsis Ontogeny of the Secretory Immune System in Man by : Maree Gleeson
Download or read book Ontogeny of the Secretory Immune System in Man written by Maree Gleeson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ontogeny of the Immune Response by : Arthur M. Silverstein
Download or read book Ontogeny of the Immune Response written by Arthur M. Silverstein and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ontogeny of Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Its Regulation by Retinoic Acid by : Ruizhu Zeng
Download or read book Ontogeny of Intestinal Dendritic Cells and Its Regulation by Retinoic Acid written by Ruizhu Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestines are constantly challenged by antigenic stimuli from microbiota, digested food and invading pathogens. Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) play a key role in directing appropriate immune responses to each antigen encountered. DC have the unique ability to sample and present processed antigens to T cells while providing environmental cues in the form of cytokines and active metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) to initiate and regulate immune responses or to induce tolerance. Understanding intestinal DC development and function is important in developing vaccines and treatment for intestinal diseases. The goal of my thesis project was to elucidate the origin and specialization of intestinal DC subsets and to define the roles of RA in development and specification of these DC and their precursors. The two predominant cDC subsets in the small intestine (SI) are identified phenotypically as CD11c+MHCII+ cells that are either CD103+CD11b- (cDC1) or CD103+CD11b+ (cDC2). The two subsets differ developmentally, requiring different transcription factors, and functionally. They derive from BM-derived precursors that remain incompletely characterized. In Chapter 2, I identified a previously unidentified gut-tropic DC precursor, termed pre-[mu] DC (pre-mucosal DC). pre-[mu] DC express [alpha] 4 [beta] 7, a gut-homing receptor that targets them efficiently to the intestines, although they can also contribute to DC populations in other sites. pre-[mu] DC are 10 fold more efficient than the previously known DC precursor pre-cDC at giving rise to intestinal cDC on a per cell basis; and, unlike pre-cDC, they can also generate plasmacytoid DC (pDC). Furthermore, pre-[mu] DC have an intrinsic preference to develop into cDC1; whereas pre-cDC preferentially become cDC2. Thus pre-[mu] DC represent a specialized BM DC population with unique gut tropism and the potential to populate each of the major DC subsets in the intestines. RA plays a critical role in adaptive mucosal immunity through effects on epithelial, mesenchymal and lymphoid cells. In chapter 3, I showed that it is also important for intestinal DC development and DC subset specialization as well. RA was indispensible for pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow. It also directly regulated cDC1 and cDC2 development from pre-[mu] DC in situ in the gut wall. In the absence of RA signaling, cDC2 were reduced in frequency and number in the SI LP, and the cDC1 and cDC2 generated are phenotypically abnormal. I devised an in vitro culture system to model the developmental potential of pre-[mu] DC and demonstrated that RA is required, in combination with GM-CSF and Flt3L, for the generation of cDC with phenotypic and transcriptional signatures of intestinal CD103+ subsets. Interestingly, the presence of RA enhances the frequency and number of cDC2 generated from purified pre-[mu] DC, consistent with a role in fate decisions. However, my whole genome transcriptomic analyses showed that RA has broad effects on gene expression, driving transcription in in vitro-derived cDC1 and cDC2 towards patterns of physiologic gene expression. These studies indicated that the role of RA in intestine cDC development is cell-intrinsic, a finding that I confirmed in vivo using CD11c-cre. RAR403fl/fl mice, which express a dominant negative RA receptor RAR403 in DC and thus lack RAR signaling selectively in DC. Thus RA plays a critical roles in regulating intestinal cDC development both at the precursor stage by controlling pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow, and by driving transcriptional programs for cDC1 and cDC2 specialization in the gut wall. pre-[mu] DC are the first DC precursor identified that has a defined tissue tropism. Their identification raises the possibility that other specialized DC precursors may home to skin or lung or other sites. Comparison of pre-[mu] DC with pre-cDC reveals differences in their potential to differentiate into each of the two major functionally specialized cDC subsets in the SI. This in combination with my discovery that RA regulates pre-[mu] DC development in the bone marrow and cDC1 and cDC2 development in the gut wall may provide useful tool to manipulate intestinal cDC to aid in oral vaccination and treatment for intestinal diseases. The description of an in vitro culture system to generate intestine-like cDC will be a useful tool to study intestinal cDC development and functions, and offers the potential to generate specialized cDC subsets for immune therapy.
Book Synopsis Medical Immunology by : Gabriel Virella
Download or read book Medical Immunology written by Gabriel Virella and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an abundance of illustrations, diagrams, and algorithms, this sixth edition of Medical Immunology provides a reader-friendly review of critical material on the current diagnostic and clinical applications of immunology. Organized into four sections that describe clinical applications, methodological advances, immunological diseases, and innova
Book Synopsis Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.
Book Synopsis Janeway's Immunobiology by : Kenneth Murphy
Download or read book Janeway's Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Book Synopsis Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research by : National Research Council
Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Principles of Evolution by : Nelson R Cabej
Download or read book Epigenetic Principles of Evolution written by Nelson R Cabej and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first and only book, so far, to deal with the causal basis of evolution from an epigenetic view. By revealing the epigenetic "user" of the "genetic toolkit", this book demonstrates the primacy of epigenetic mechanisms and epigenetic information in generating evolutionary novelties. The author convincingly supports his theory with a host of examples from the most varied fields of biology, by emphasizing changes in developmental pathways as the basic source of evolutionary change in metazoans. Original and thought provoking--a radically new theory that overcomes the present difficulties of the theory of evolution Is the first and only theory that uses epigenetic mechanisms and principles for explaining evolution of metazoans Takes an integrative approach and shows a wide range of learning
Book Synopsis The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease by : Dirk Haller
Download or read book The Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Dirk Haller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an overview on how the gut microbiome contributes to human health. The readers will get profound knowledge on the connection between intestinal microbiota and immune defense systems. The tools of choice to study the ecology of these highly-specialized microorganism communities such as high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic mining will be presented. In addition the most common diseases associated to the composition of the gut flora are discussed in detail. The book will address researchers, clinicians and advanced students working in biomedicine, microbiology and immunology.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology by : Paul-Pierre Pastoret
Download or read book Handbook of Vertebrate Immunology written by Paul-Pierre Pastoret and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1998-05-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides a comprehensive and comparative guide to the immune systems of major vertebrate species, including domestic and wild animals of veterinary or medical interest, fish and amphibia. Data in this essential reference work has been compiled by world-renowned editors and an international group of authors. For each species, the information is presented in a structured 'user-friendly' format allowing easy cross reference and comparison between the various species. This book will be considered the definitive reference work on vertebrate immunology and will be essential for scientists and professionals working in Immunology, Vaccinology or with Animal Models, for students of Veterinary or Human Medicine, Biology and researchers in Comparative Medicine and Physiology. Each section, devoted to a major animal group covers: Lymphoid organs and their anatomical disposition Leukocytes and their markers Leukocyte traffic and associated molecules Cytokines T cell receptors Immunoglobulins MHC antigens Ontogeny of the immune system Passive transfer of immunity Neonatal immune responses Non-specific immunity Complement system Mucosal immunity Immunodeficiencies Tumours of the immune system Autoimmunity
Book Synopsis Histophysiology of the Immune System by : Sigbjørn Fossum
Download or read book Histophysiology of the Immune System written by Sigbjørn Fossum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 9th International Conference on Lymphatic Tissues and Germinal Centres in Immune Reactions was held in Oslo, 9-14 August, 1987. These conferen ces, by the regular devotees just referred to as the germinal centre con ferences or GCC, have been held regularly at roughly three-year intervals since 1966. The credo of these conferences is "in vivo veritas", signifying that investigating components, like molecules and cells, only gives partial truth. The components must ultimately be explored in their natural con text, to see how they interact with other parts and are integrated to a whole. To the biologist it is obvious that the world must be investigated at many different levels of organization. At each level the patterns observed represent just some of many possible ways of putting together the elements of the lower levels. These patterns are not predetermined, but the results of evolution, i.e. of a history in which stochastic processes play a major role. The organic world can therefore not be torn apart and then reconstructed from basic principles alone. This realization is often expressed as the whole being more than the sum of its parts.
