One Drop

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Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807073369
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis One Drop by : Yaba Blay

Download or read book One Drop written by Yaba Blay and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges narrow perceptions of Blackness as both an identity and lived reality to understand the diversity of what it means to be Black in the US and around the world What exactly is Blackness and what does it mean to be Black? Is Blackness a matter of biology or consciousness? Who determines who is Black and who is not? Who’s Black, who’s not, and who cares? In the United States, a Black person has come to be defined as any person with any known Black ancestry. Statutorily referred to as “the rule of hypodescent,” this definition of Blackness is more popularly known as the “one-drop rule,” meaning that a person with any trace of Black ancestry, however small or (in)visible, cannot be considered White. A method of social order that began almost immediately after the arrival of enslaved Africans in America, by 1910 it was the law in almost all southern states. At a time when the one-drop rule functioned to protect and preserve White racial purity, Blackness was both a matter of biology and the law. One was either Black or White. Period. Has the social and political landscape changed one hundred years later? One Drop explores the extent to which historical definitions of race continue to shape contemporary racial identities and lived experiences of racial difference. Featuring the perspectives of 60 contributors representing 25 countries and combining candid narratives with striking portraiture, this book provides living testimony to the diversity of Blackness. Although contributors use varying terms to self-identify, they all see themselves as part of the larger racial, cultural, and social group generally referred to as Black. They have all had their identity called into question simply because they do not fit neatly into the stereotypical “Black box”—dark skin, “kinky” hair, broad nose, full lips, etc. Most have been asked “What are you?” or the more politically correct “Where are you from?” throughout their lives. It is through contributors’ lived experiences with and lived imaginings of Black identity that we can visualize multiple possibilities for Blackness.

Legal History of the Color Line

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Author :
Publisher : Backintyme
ISBN 13 : 0939479230
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal History of the Color Line by : Frank W. Sweet

Download or read book Legal History of the Color Line written by Frank W. Sweet and published by Backintyme. This book was released on 2005 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. This analysis of the nearly 300 appealed court cases that decided the "race" of individual Americans may be the most thorough study of the legal history of the U.S. color line yet published.

When I Was White

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Author :
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1250146763
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis When I Was White by : Sarah Valentine

Download or read book When I Was White written by Sarah Valentine and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stunning and provocative coming-of-age memoir about Sarah Valentine's childhood as a white girl in the suburbs of Pittsburgh, and her discovery that her father was a black man. At the age of 27, Sarah Valentine discovered that she was not, in fact, the white girl she had always believed herself to be. She learned the truth of her paternity: that her father was a black man. And she learned the truth about her own identity: mixed race. And so Sarah began the difficult and absorbing journey of changing her identity from white to black. In this memoir, Sarah details the story of the discovery of her identity, how she overcame depression to come to terms with this identity, and, perhaps most importantly, asks: why? Her entire family and community had conspired to maintain her white identity. The supreme discomfort her white family and community felt about addressing issues of race–her race–is a microcosm of race relationships in America. A black woman who lived her formative years identifying as white, Sarah's story is a kind of Rachel Dolezal in reverse, though her "passing" was less intentional than conspiracy. This memoir is an examination of the cost of being black in America, and how one woman threw off the racial identity she'd grown up with, in order to embrace a new one.

One Drop Rule

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Author :
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781477452127
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (521 download)

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Book Synopsis One Drop Rule by : Pamela Thornton

Download or read book One Drop Rule written by Pamela Thornton and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is what time has been waiting for, another historical fictional writer who takes you back in time to an era that defined the rich history of America's past. If you love the writing styles of Zora Neale Hurston or Earnest J. Gaines, then you will love this book of short stories.

Color Matters

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131781956X
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (178 download)

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Book Synopsis Color Matters by : Kimberly Jade Norwood

Download or read book Color Matters written by Kimberly Jade Norwood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-12-17 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, as in many parts of the world, people are discriminated against based on the color of their skin. This type of skin tone bias, or colorism, is both related to and distinct from discrimination on the basis of race, with which it is often conflated. Preferential treatment of lighter skin tones over darker occurs within racial and ethnic groups as well as between them. While America has made progress in issues of race over the past decades, discrimination on the basis of color continues to be a constant and often unremarked part of life. In Color Matters, Kimberly Jade Norwood has collected the most up-to-date research on this insidious form of discrimination, including perspectives from the disciplines of history, law, sociology, and psychology. Anchored with historical chapters that show how the influence and legacy of slavery have shaped the treatment of skin color in American society, the contributors to this volume bring to light the ways in which colorism affects us all--influencing what we wear, who we see on television, and even which child we might pick to adopt. Sure to be an eye-opening collection for anyone curious about how race and color continue to affect society, Color Matters provides students of race in America with wide-ranging overview of a crucial topic.

Blurring the Lines of Race and Freedom

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Author :
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 146965900X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Blurring the Lines of Race and Freedom by : A. B. Wilkinson

Download or read book Blurring the Lines of Race and Freedom written by A. B. Wilkinson and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of race in North America is still often conceived of in black and white terms. In this book, A. B. Wilkinson complicates that history by investigating how people of mixed African, European, and Native American heritage—commonly referred to as "Mulattoes," "Mustees," and "mixed bloods"—were integral to the construction of colonial racial ideologies. Thousands of mixed-heritage people appear in the records of English colonies, largely in the Chesapeake, Carolinas, and Caribbean, and this book provides a clear and compelling picture of their lives before the advent of the so-called one-drop rule. Wilkinson explores the ways mixed-heritage people viewed themselves and explains how they—along with their African and Indigenous American forebears—resisted the formation of a rigid racial order and fought for freedom in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century societies shaped by colonial labor and legal systems. As contemporary U.S. society continues to grapple with institutional racism rooted in a settler colonial past, this book illuminates the earliest ideas of racial mixture in British America well before the founding of the United States.

One Drop

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Author :
Publisher : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 : 0316019739
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis One Drop by : Bliss Broyard

Download or read book One Drop written by Bliss Broyard and published by Little, Brown. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this acclaimed memoir, Bliss Broyard, daughter of the literary critic Anatole Broyard, examines her father's choice to hide his racial identity, and the impact of this revelation on her own life. Two months before he died, renowned literary critic Anatole Broyard called his grown son and daughter to his side to impart a secret he had kept all their lives and most of his own: he was black. Born in the French Quarter in 1920, Anatole had begun to conceal his racial identity after his family moved to Brooklyn and his parents resorted to "passing" in order to get work. As he grew older and entered the ranks of the New York literary elite, he maintained the favßade. Now his daughter Bliss tries to make sense of his choices. Seeking out unknown relatives in New York, Los Angeles, and New Orleans, Bliss uncovers the 250-year history of her family in America and chronicles her own evolution from privilged WASP to a woman of mixed-race ancestry.

One Drop of Blood

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Author :
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 142993607X
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis One Drop of Blood by : Scott Malcomson

Download or read book One Drop of Blood written by Scott Malcomson and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2000-10-04 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold and original retelling of the story of race in America Why has a nation founded upon precepts of freedom and universal humanity continually produced, through its preoccupation with race, a divided and constrained populace? This question is the starting point for Scott Malcomson's riveting and deeply researched account, which amplifies history with memoir and reportage. From the beginning, Malcomson shows, a nation obsessed with invention began to create a new idea of race, investing it with unprecedented moral and social meaning. A succession of visionaries and opportunists, self-promoters and would-be reformers carried on the process, helping to define "black," "white," and "Indian" in opposition to one another, and in service to the aspirations and anxieties of each era. But the people who had to live within those definitions found them constraining. They sought to escape the limits of race imposed by escaping from other races or by controlling, confining, eliminating, or absorbing them, in a sad, absurd parade of events. Such efforts have never truly succeeded, yet their legacy haunts us, as we unhappily re-enact the drama of separatism in our schools, workplaces, and communities. By not only recounting the shared American tragicomedy of race but helping us to own, even to embrace it, this important book offers us a way at last to move beyond it.

Light, Bright and Damn Near White

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Author :
Publisher : Jacksonscribe Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780985351205
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Light, Bright and Damn Near White by : Michelle Gordon Jackson

Download or read book Light, Bright and Damn Near White written by Michelle Gordon Jackson and published by Jacksonscribe Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 19th and 20th centuries, a powerhouse of Black American leaders emerged, consisting primarily of men and women with "an apparent mix of Caucasoid features." The face of the African warrior, brought to America centuries prior from the Ivory Coast had changed, due to perpetual miscegenation (race-mixing) and the application of the One-Drop Rule, a racial marker exclusive to the United States, in which a person was considered Black if he or she had any African ancestry. No other country in the world has historically defined race in the same manner. Accepted socially and legally since slavery, this "rule," as well as its strict enforcement, created a dynamic leadership pool of Light, Bright and Damn Near White revolutionaries, embraced by the Black community as some of its most vocal and active leaders. This book features these unsung Black heroes and heroines (covering the Slavery, Reconstruction, Jim Crow, and Civil Rights eras). Some born slaves and some born free, these men and women were on the forefront of civil rights, innovation, and social reform. Their personal contributions are woven within the very fabric of American culture and policy. The continued acceptance of the One-Drop Rule is apparent, in America's embracing of Barack Obama as the first Black President of the United States, and not the first bi-racial president, despite his mother's race (White). This informative book is about history . . . American History and African-American History.

Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race

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Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393608875
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race by : Thomas Chatterton Williams

Download or read book Self-Portrait in Black and White: Unlearning Race written by Thomas Chatterton Williams and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Time “Must-Read” Book of 2019 “[Williams] is so honest and fresh in his observations, so skillful at blending his own story with larger principles, that it is hard not to admire him.” —Andrew Solomon, New York Times Book Review (front page) The son of a “black” father and a “white” mother, Thomas Chatterton Williams found himself questioning long-held convictions about race upon the birth of his blond-haired, blue-eyed daughter—and came to realize that these categories cannot adequately capture either of them, or anyone else. In telling the story of his family’s multigenerational transformation from what is called black to what is assumed to be white, he reckons with the way we choose to see and define ourselves. Self-Portrait in Black and White is a beautifully written, urgent work for our time.

The Diversity Paradox

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Author :
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610446615
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Diversity Paradox by : Jennifer Lee

Download or read book The Diversity Paradox written by Jennifer Lee and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2010-05-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Americans grappled with Jim Crow segregation until it was legally overturned in the 1960s. In subsequent decades, the country witnessed a new wave of immigration from Asia and Latin America—forever changing the face of American society and making it more racially diverse than ever before. In The Diversity Paradox, authors Jennifer Lee and Frank Bean take these two poles of American collective identity—the legacy of slavery and immigration—and ask if today's immigrants are destined to become racialized minorities akin to African Americans or if their incorporation into U.S. society will more closely resemble that of their European predecessors. They also tackle the vexing question of whether America's new racial diversity is helping to erode the tenacious black/white color line. The Diversity Paradox uses population-based analyses and in-depth interviews to examine patterns of intermarriage and multiracial identification among Asians, Latinos, and African Americans. Lee and Bean analyze where the color line—and the economic and social advantage it demarcates—is drawn today and on what side these new arrivals fall. They show that Asians and Latinos with mixed ancestry are not constrained by strict racial categories. Racial status often shifts according to situation. Individuals can choose to identify along ethnic lines or as white, and their decisions are rarely questioned by outsiders or institutions. These groups also intermarry at higher rates, which is viewed as part of the process of becoming "American" and a form of upward social mobility. African Americans, in contrast, intermarry at significantly lower rates than Asians and Latinos. Further, multiracial blacks often choose not to identify as such and are typically perceived as being black only—underscoring the stigma attached to being African American and the entrenchment of the "one-drop" rule. Asians and Latinos are successfully disengaging their national origins from the concept of race—like European immigrants before them—and these patterns are most evident in racially diverse parts of the country. For the first time in 2000, the U.S. Census enabled multiracial Americans to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race. Eight years later, multiracial Barack Obama was elected as the 44th President of the United States. For many, these events give credibility to the claim that the death knell has been sounded for institutionalized racial exclusion. The Diversity Paradox is an extensive and eloquent examination of how contemporary immigration and the country's new diversity are redefining the boundaries of race. The book also lays bare the powerful reality that as the old black/white color line fades a new one may well be emerging—with many African Americans still on the other side.

Passing for who You Really are

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Author :
Publisher : Backintyme
ISBN 13 : 0939479222
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Passing for who You Really are by : A. D. Powell

Download or read book Passing for who You Really are written by A. D. Powell and published by Backintyme. This book was released on 2005 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eloquent spokesperson of the movement to abolish government sponsorship of the race notion believes that the one-drop rule ignores science, crushes tolerance, and mocks the American Dream. This collection of essays on multi-racialism originally appeared in Interracial Voice magazine.

One Drop

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Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807073377
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis One Drop by : Yaba Blay

Download or read book One Drop written by Yaba Blay and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2021-02-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Challenges narrow perceptions of Blackness as both an identity and lived reality to understand the diversity of what it means to be Black in the US and around the world What exactly is Blackness and what does it mean to be Black? Is Blackness a matter of biology or consciousness? Who determines who is Black and who is not? Who’s Black, who’s not, and who cares? In the United States, a Black person has come to be defined as any person with any known Black ancestry. Statutorily referred to as “the rule of hypodescent,” this definition of Blackness is more popularly known as the “one-drop rule,” meaning that a person with any trace of Black ancestry, however small or (in)visible, cannot be considered White. A method of social order that began almost immediately after the arrival of enslaved Africans in America, by 1910 it was the law in almost all southern states. At a time when the one-drop rule functioned to protect and preserve White racial purity, Blackness was both a matter of biology and the law. One was either Black or White. Period. Has the social and political landscape changed one hundred years later? One Drop explores the extent to which historical definitions of race continue to shape contemporary racial identities and lived experiences of racial difference. Featuring the perspectives of 60 contributors representing 25 countries and combining candid narratives with striking portraiture, this book provides living testimony to the diversity of Blackness. Although contributors use varying terms to self-identify, they all see themselves as part of the larger racial, cultural, and social group generally referred to as Black. They have all had their identity called into question simply because they do not fit neatly into the stereotypical “Black box”—dark skin, “kinky” hair, broad nose, full lips, etc. Most have been asked “What are you?” or the more politically correct “Where are you from?” throughout their lives. It is through contributors’ lived experiences with and lived imaginings of Black identity that we can visualize multiple possibilities for Blackness.

Caste

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Author :
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
ISBN 13 : 0593230272
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Caste by : Isabel Wilkerson

Download or read book Caste written by Isabel Wilkerson and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NEW YORK TIMES READERS PICK: 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 21st CENTURY • OPRAH’S BOOK CLUB PICK • “An instant American classic and almost certainly the keynote nonfiction book of the American century thus far.”—Dwight Garner, The New York Times The Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Warmth of Other Suns examines the unspoken caste system that has shaped America and shows how our lives today are still defined by a hierarchy of human divisions—now with a new Afterword by the author. #1 NONFICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR: Time ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The Washington Post, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, O: The Oprah Magazine, NPR, Bloomberg, The Christian Science Monitor, New York Post, The New York Public Library, Fortune, Smithsonian Magazine, Marie Claire, Slate, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize • National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist • Winner of the Carl Sandburg Literary Award • Dayton Literary Prize Finalist • PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Nonfiction Finalist • PEN/Jean Stein Book Award Finalist • Kirkus Prize Finalist “As we go about our daily lives, caste is the wordless usher in a darkened theater, flashlight cast down in the aisles, guiding us to our assigned seats for a performance. The hierarchy of caste is not about feelings or morality. It is about power—which groups have it and which do not.” Beyond race, class, or other factors, there is a powerful caste system that influences people’s lives and behavior and the nation’s fate. Linking the caste systems of America, India, and Nazi Germany, Isabel Wilkerson explores eight pillars that underlie caste systems across civilizations, including divine will, bloodlines, stigma, and more. Using riveting stories about people—including Martin Luther King, Jr., baseball’s Satchel Paige, a single father and his toddler son, Wilkerson herself, and many others—she shows the ways that the insidious undertow of caste is experienced every day. Finally, she points forward to ways America can move beyond the artificial and destructive separations of human divisions, toward hope in our common humanity.

Policing Black Bodies

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538142554
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Policing Black Bodies by : Angela J. Hattery

Download or read book Policing Black Bodies written by Angela J. Hattery and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An essential work that advances an acute awareness of our responsibility to make society equitable for all." Library Journal, Starred Review In this provocative book, the authors connect the regulation of African American people in many settings into a powerful narrative. Completely updated throughout, the book now includes a new chapter on policing black athletes’ bodies, and expanded coverage of the Black Lives Matter movement, policing trans bodies, and policing Black women’s bodies.

Between the World and Me

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Author :
Publisher : One World
ISBN 13 : 0679645985
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (796 download)

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Book Synopsis Between the World and Me by : Ta-Nehisi Coates

Download or read book Between the World and Me written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and published by One World. This book was released on 2015-07-14 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • NATIONAL BOOK AWARD WINNER • NAMED ONE OF TIME’S TEN BEST NONFICTION BOOKS OF THE DECADE • PULITZER PRIZE FINALIST • NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD FINALIST • ONE OF OPRAH’S “BOOKS THAT HELP ME THROUGH” • NOW AN HBO ORIGINAL SPECIAL EVENT Hailed by Toni Morrison as “required reading,” a bold and personal literary exploration of America’s racial history by “the most important essayist in a generation and a writer who changed the national political conversation about race” (Rolling Stone) NAMED ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL BOOKS OF THE DECADE BY CNN • NAMED ONE OF PASTE’S BEST MEMOIRS OF THE DECADE • NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • O: The Oprah Magazine • The Washington Post • People • Entertainment Weekly • Vogue • Los Angeles Times • San Francisco Chronicle • Chicago Tribune • New York • Newsday • Library Journal • Publishers Weekly In a profound work that pivots from the biggest questions about American history and ideals to the most intimate concerns of a father for his son, Ta-Nehisi Coates offers a powerful new framework for understanding our nation’s history and current crisis. Americans have built an empire on the idea of “race,” a falsehood that damages us all but falls most heavily on the bodies of black women and men—bodies exploited through slavery and segregation, and, today, threatened, locked up, and murdered out of all proportion. What is it like to inhabit a black body and find a way to live within it? And how can we all honestly reckon with this fraught history and free ourselves from its burden? Between the World and Me is Ta-Nehisi Coates’s attempt to answer these questions in a letter to his adolescent son. Coates shares with his son—and readers—the story of his awakening to the truth about his place in the world through a series of revelatory experiences, from Howard University to Civil War battlefields, from the South Side of Chicago to Paris, from his childhood home to the living rooms of mothers whose children’s lives were taken as American plunder. Beautifully woven from personal narrative, reimagined history, and fresh, emotionally charged reportage, Between the World and Me clearly illuminates the past, bracingly confronts our present, and offers a transcendent vision for a way forward.

Because of Our Success

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781611634440
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis Because of Our Success by : Kevin Dion Brown

Download or read book Because of Our Success written by Kevin Dion Brown and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When selective colleges, universities, and graduate programs instituted affirmative action policies in the 1960s, 99.4 percent of Americans were either black or white. Not only were interracial marriages between blacks and whites illegal in over twenty states, but very few blacks were involved in interracial sexual relationships. A person's race was determined by the application of the one-drop rule. Thus, mixed-race blacks were not allowed to self-identify their race. Rather, they were socially ascribed as black and, therefore, the concept of Black Multiracials did not exist. Also, less than one percent of blacks were foreign-born. As a result, one of the core assumptions upon which affirmative action was based was that the predominant ancestries of the beneficiaries would be children of two American-born black parents ("Ascendant Blacks"). However, Black Multiracials and foreign-born blacks and their children ("Black Immigrants") now constitute a growing majority of the black students at many selective higher education programs. Further, the percentages of Black Multiracials and Black Immigrants among those blacks approaching college age are rapidly increasing. Thus, in an ironic twist of fate, America is ethnically cleansing from the campuses of its selective higher education institutions Ascendant Blacks. Not only were they the primary group that affirmative action policies were intended to benefit, but their ascendency out of slavery and segregation made possible the increases in mixed-race sexual relationships, Black Multiracials, foreign-born blacks, and Black Immigrants. This book discusses this ethnic cleansing of Ascendant Blacks and its implications for American society, and suggests possible ways to address the problem. "Professor Brown's thoughtful and scholarly study comprehensively analyzes a complex subject with variables that are widely misunderstood or ignored. It sets out to navigate sensitive and difficult terrain, noting distinctions between 'Ascendant Blacks,' 'Black Multiracials,' and 'Black Immigrants.'" -- Theodore Shaw, Former Director-Counsel and President of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., and Julius Chambers Distinguished Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Civil Rights at the University of North Carolina School of Law "Kevin Brown's thought-provoking analysis of black America's changing ethnic landscape sheds much-needed light on a rising conundrum and is a tolling of the bell, especially for Ascendant Blacks who must effectively continue the 55-year affirmative action struggle in order to preserve for their children already elusive, steadily evaporating, but life-defining educational opportunity." -- Dennis Courtland Hayes, Esq., Former NAACP, Inc., Interim President & CEO, Corporation Secretary, Senior Vice President, and General Counsel "Admissions officers and university administrators should consider the argument Professor Brown is making and the statistics he cites showing affirmative action policies are not serving Ascendant Blacks." -- Dennis Shields, Chancellor, University of Wisconsin-Platteville and Former Director of Admissions, the University of Michigan Law School