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On The Micro And Ultrafiltration Of Dairy Fluids Molecular Mechanisms Of Membrane Fouling And Elucidation Of Deposit Layer Structures
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Book Synopsis On the Micro- and Ultrafiltration of Dairy Fluids - Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fouling and Elucidation of Deposit Layer Structures by : Tim Steinhauer
Download or read book On the Micro- and Ultrafiltration of Dairy Fluids - Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Fouling and Elucidation of Deposit Layer Structures written by Tim Steinhauer and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Fouling in Cold Microfiltration of Skim Milk by : Teng Ju Tan
Download or read book Membrane Fouling in Cold Microfiltration of Skim Milk written by Teng Ju Tan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfiltration (MF) can effectively remove microorganisms and somatic cells from milk, increasing the safety and shelf life of milk and dairy products. The main challenge in MF is membrane fouling, which leads to a significant decline in permeate flux over time. This work aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of membrane fouling in cold (6°C) MF of skim milk and optimize a CO2 backpulsing technique that can diminish membrane fouling by physically removing the foulant from the membrane surface. Using 3 injection ports, a CO2 injection frequency of 120 s and an injection duration of 1 s, a permeate flux of 30.02 ± 0.48 L/m2h was obtained after 3 h of MF at a cross-flow velocity of 3.8 m/s, as compared to 25.85 ± 0.99 L/m2h for the control. Additionally, a smaller drop in flux was observed for the optimized CO2 backpulsing process (15.57% after 3 h) as compared to the control (29.83% after 3 h). When MF was conducted at 6 m/s, the permeate flux after 3 h was 82.32 ± 4.42 L/m2h for MF with CO2 backpulsing, as compared to 71.39 ± 4.21 L/m2h for the control. MF with CO2 backpulsing also resulted in a higher transmission of total solids and protein than the control MF. A systematic investigation of the mechanisms of membrane fouling was conducted by identifying the proteins and minerals in four foulant streams: weakly attached external foulants (We), weakly attached internal foulants (Wi), strongly attached external foulants (Se), and strongly attached internal foulants (Si). The foulants were evaluated both after MF (without and with CO2 backpulsing) and after a brief contact between the membrane and milk (adsorption study). The concentration of minerals was very small in all foulant streams, below 2.5 ppm, and likely they do not contribute significantly to membrane fouling in cold MF. Proteomics analysis showed that all major milk proteins were present in all foulant streams. In adsorption trial, [alpha]lactalbumin level in We was higher than in milk, which indicates an affinity of this protein for the membrane material. The serum proteins [alpha]-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were found in a higher proportion in the "weakly attached" fractions (We and Wi) from the instantaneous adsorption study as compared to the control MF (without CO2 backpulsing), which suggests that caseins were mainly introduced into the fouling layer when transmembrane pressure was applied. Casein concentration did not increase in the foulants from CO2 backpulsing MF, despite the localized decrease in pH caused by the contact with CO 2. More significantly, CO2 backpulsing reduced the total protein concentration in We, with 52.98 ± 4.87 [mu]g/mL for CO2 backpulsing MF as compared to 62.20 ± 10.13 [mu]g/mL for control MF. Overall, the data indicates that CO2 backpulsing resulted in less weakly attached external foulants and possibly less loosely deposited materials on the membrane surface as compared to control MF, which improved permeation through the membrane. The knowledge generated in this study could be used to identify solutions to further minimize membrane fouling and increase the efficiency of milk MF. The CO2 backpulsing technique could be an efficient and affordable solution to mitigate fouling, and is also applicable to other cold membrane filtration processes, such as the MF of juice or beer.
Book Synopsis Membrane Processing by : Adnan Y. Tamime
Download or read book Membrane Processing written by Adnan Y. Tamime and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-18 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extensively reviews the dairy, beverage and distilled spirits applications of membrane processing techniques. The four main techniques of membrane filtration are covered: microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. The book is divided into four informal sections. The first part provides an overview of membrane technology, including the main scientific principles; the major membrane types and their construction; cleaning and disinfection; and historical development. The second part focuses on dairy applications including liquid and fermented milks; cheese; whey; and milk concentrates. The third part of the book addresses beverage applications including mineral waters, fruit juices and sports drinks, and the final part looks at membrane filtration in the production of beers, wines and spirits.
Book Synopsis Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Milk by : Michael Anthony Rudan
Download or read book Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Milk written by Michael Anthony Rudan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Milk Ultrafiltration by : Lisbeth Meunier-Goddik
Download or read book Milk Ultrafiltration written by Lisbeth Meunier-Goddik and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Study of Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Milk by : Susan Clarke Gettys Larson
Download or read book The Study of Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Milk written by Susan Clarke Gettys Larson and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reduction of Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Cottage Cheese Whey by : Doretta Ngah-chun Lee
Download or read book Reduction of Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration of Cottage Cheese Whey written by Doretta Ngah-chun Lee and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Selected Milk Coagulants on Membrane Fouling and Permeate Flux During Ultrafiltration of Cheddar Cheese Whey by : Phillip Soo Tong
Download or read book Effects of Selected Milk Coagulants on Membrane Fouling and Permeate Flux During Ultrafiltration of Cheddar Cheese Whey written by Phillip Soo Tong and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examination of Methods to Reduce Membrane Fouling During Dairy Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration by : Michael Corey Adams
Download or read book Examination of Methods to Reduce Membrane Fouling During Dairy Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration written by Michael Corey Adams and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pressure-driven membrane filtration processes such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) provide opportunities for the dairy industry to better utilize milk by separating its components based on size. However, widespread adoption of some of these processes has yet to be realized due to membrane fouling. Membrane fouling is the accumulation of soil, or foulant, on the surface or within the pores of a membrane. Fouling prolongs processing times, increases energy and cleaning costs, decreases separation efficiency, and, in severe cases, may lead to irreversible clogging of the membrane. Microfiltration can be used to remove serum proteins (SP) from skim milk. The process' SP removal efficiency directly influences the technology's financial feasibility. Our first objective was to quantify the capacity of 0.14 [MICRO SIGN]m ceramic Isoflux MF membranes to remove SP from skim milk. The Isoflux membranes' manufacturer claims that using these membranes will reduce localized membrane fouling at the inlet end of the membrane that results from using high cross-flow velocities (5 - 7 m/s) to mitigate overall membrane fouling. Contrary to theoretical cumulative SP removal percentages of 68%, 90%, and 97% after 1, 2, and 3 stages of 3X MF processing, respectively, the 3X Isoflux process removed only 39.5%, 58.4%, and 70.2% after 1, 2, and 3 stages, respectively. Several design aspects of the membrane are thought to have resulted in this inefficiency. Ultrafiltration can be used to concentrate SP and reduce the lactose content of cheese whey or MF permeate of skim milk to produce 80% whey protein concentrates (WPC80) or 80% serum protein concentrates (SPC80), respectively. The objectives of our second study were to determine if adding annatto color to milk or bleaching whey or MF permeate of skim milk with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or benzoyl peroxide (BPO) influenced UF flux, diafiltration flux, or membrane fouling during production of WPC80 or SPC80. Addition of annatto color to milk had no effect on flux or fouling. Bleaching with or without added color increased flux during processing. Bleaching with H2O2 produced higher flux than bleaching with BPO. While bleaching with BPO reduced membrane fouling during WPC80 production, it did not impact membrane fouling during SPC80 production. Bleaching with H2O2 led to the largest reduction in fouling for both production processes.
Book Synopsis The Role of Milk Proteins in Membrane Fouling and Flux Decline During the Ultrafiltration of Dairy Fluids by : Jennifer Marietta Pittenger
Download or read book The Role of Milk Proteins in Membrane Fouling and Flux Decline During the Ultrafiltration of Dairy Fluids written by Jennifer Marietta Pittenger and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration for Drinking Water Production by : Doris Jermann
Download or read book Membrane Fouling During Ultrafiltration for Drinking Water Production written by Doris Jermann and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Physicochemical Behaviour of Thermophilic Bacteria on and Inside of the Milk Fouling Deposits by : Jin Ah Yoo
Download or read book A Study of the Physicochemical Behaviour of Thermophilic Bacteria on and Inside of the Milk Fouling Deposits written by Jin Ah Yoo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Concentration of Dairy Fluids by : Patricia M. Meyer
Download or read book Concentration of Dairy Fluids written by Patricia M. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Fouling Mechanisms for Ultrafiltration of Oily Wastewater by : Leila Safazadeh Haghighi
Download or read book Determination of Fouling Mechanisms for Ultrafiltration of Oily Wastewater written by Leila Safazadeh Haghighi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of Membrane technology is extensively increasing in water and wastewater treatment, food processing, chemical, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical industries because of their versatility, effectiveness, high removal capacity and ability to meet multiple treatment objectives. A common problem with using membranes is fouling, which results in increasing operating costs due to higher operating pressure losses, membrane downtime needed for cleaning, with associated production loss and manpower costs. In the literature, four different mechanisms for membrane fouling have been studied, which are complete pore blocking, internal pore blinding, partial pore bridging and cake filtration. Mathematical models have been developed for each of these fouling mechanisms. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the membrane fouling mechanisms for one porous and one dense membrane, during ultrafiltration of an emulsified industrial oily wastewater. An experimental system was designed, assembled and operated at the Ford Transmission Plant in Sharonville, Ohio, wherein ultrasonic baths were used for cleaning transmission parts before assembly. The oil wastewater, containing emulsified oils and cleaning chemicals was collected in a batch vessel and then pumped through a porous polyethersulfone, monolithic membrane, and through a dense cuproammonium cellulose membrane unit. For the porous membrane, use of a Dupont's flurosurfactant (FS 63) and backwashing with permeate and for the dense membrane the use of both the flurorosurfactant and sparged air were investigated to reduce membrane fouling. For the porous membrane study, it was observed that the permeate flux was strongly dependent on the transmembrane pressure difference, and addition of the flurosurfactant significantly improved the performance of the membrane. The backwashing cleaning efficiency was found to depend on the duration of backwashing and its frequency. An integrated fouling model was developed by combining the individual models for each fouling mechanism, originally published by Hermia [18], and analysis of the experimental data for ultrafiltration of oily emulsion revealed that the primary mechanism for fouling of the porous membrane was cake filtration. With increasing transmembrane pressure, the role of other mechanisms, such as pore blocking and partial pore bridging, increases, although the effect of cake filtration dominates. Hence, for oily emulsions, methods to disrupt the formation of a cake layer at the membrane surface would have the most impact in increasing the water permeation rates through the membrane. For the dense membrane study, permeate flux also increased with increasing transmembrane pressure difference, as in the porous membrane, and the major mechanisms for fouling were found to be concentration polarization gel layer formation on the membrane surface. In this case, the use of both sparged air and fluorosurfactant, increased the water permeation rates, but the permeation rate improvement with sparged air alone was significantly higher than with fluorosurfactant only. A mathematical model was developed to derive the mass transfer coefficients under the various operation conditions. Future studies will concentrate on improving membrane performance by reducing the impact of the dominant fouling mechanisms, found in this study, for both porous and dense membranes.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Membrane Fouling and Shelf Life Benefits of Low Temperature Microfiltration of Skim Milk by : Dan Wang
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Mechanisms of Membrane Fouling and Shelf Life Benefits of Low Temperature Microfiltration of Skim Milk written by Dan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fouling and Cleaning in Pressure Driven Membrane Processes by : Belgica) INNTERNATION DAIRY FEDERATION (Bruxelas
Download or read book Fouling and Cleaning in Pressure Driven Membrane Processes written by Belgica) INNTERNATION DAIRY FEDERATION (Bruxelas and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physico-chemical aspects of fouling. Fouling of organic membranes during processing of dairy liquids. Fouling of inorganic membranes in filtration processes of dairy products. Fouling occurring in nonofiltration of dairy products. Pretreatments of daity fluids to minimize long-term membrane. Fouling control during the operation of membrane filtration units. Biological fouling and biolfilm formation on membranes. Recents developments in the manufacture of membrane equipment Water rising in reverse osmosis and ultratifiltration. Chemical agents and costs in cleaning and disinfection of membrane equipment. Recycling of used caustic cleaning solutions in the dairy industry by cross-flow filtration.
Book Synopsis Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment by : Thomas Stephenson
Download or read book Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment written by Thomas Stephenson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2000-05-31 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the subject of membrane bioreactors (MBR) for wastewater treatment, dealing with municipal as well as industrial wastewaters. The book details the 3 types of MBR available and discusses the science behind the technology, their design features, operation, applications, advantages, limitations, performance, current research activities and cost. As the demand for wastewater treatment, recycling and re-use technologies increases, it is envisaged that the membrane separation bioreactor will corner the market. Contents Membrane Fundamentals Biological Fundamentals Biomass Separation Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Aeration and Extractive Bioreactors Commercial Membrane Bioreactor Systems Membrane Bioreactor Applications Case Studies
