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On The Kinematic And Dynamic Evolution Of A Magma Mush
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Book Synopsis On the Kinematic and Dynamic Evolution of a Magma Mush by : Michael Zackery McIntire
Download or read book On the Kinematic and Dynamic Evolution of a Magma Mush written by Michael Zackery McIntire and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magmas are dynamic hydrogranular systems where the interactions between the melt and the residing crystals influences the eruptive behavior of volcanoes, the concentration of economic metals, and the stratification of the Earth's crust. Despite the importance of the interaction between these phases, little is known about the mechanics of these systems. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the interactions of the melt and crystals of magma from the formation of the crystal-rich mush to the expulsion of the melt from its interstitial spaces. I first examine the dilute case where suspended crystals are coupled to the fluid. I employed a combination of discrete element computational fluid dynamic (DEM-CFD) numerical simulations, field observations, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses to explore the mechanics of the interactions between the crystals and the melt of magmas. The formation of crystal clusters was explored using Voronoi tessellations in both a settling only model at a solid volume percent of 9 and an open system models (where a magma like fluid is injected into the accumulating mush) with solid volume percents of 1, 9, and 20. I find that there is statistically no difference in the distribution of clustering between the two systems and that clusters are just as likely as a random distribution. Indicating that abundant crystal clusters found in sampled magmatic systems are likely from a disaggregated magma mush. Next, I examined the crystal-rich state where the formation of granular flows transfer momentum to the resident fluid. I employed a DEM-CFD numerical dam break model of a polydisperse particle column to explore the kinematics of the collapse and runout of the particle column. The column develops two collapse regimes a toppling collapse, and a sliding collapse, which transition into three kinematic runout regimes, gravity current, heap flow, and a quasi-static region. Both a force and contact fabric develop in the heap flow where the particles have enduring contacts. The difference in anisotropy between the normal force and contact fabrics illustrates the non-affine nature of granular material and the issue with applying the concepts of continuum modelling to hydrogranular systems. The first two chapters were based on numerical models analyses to create an idealized framework of knowledge on hydrogranular systems. The final chapter builds on geological observations and fieldwork with a goal of determining the mechanisms of pore space reduction in a crystal-rich magma mush. I collected 12 samples from the mafic complex of Sierra Valle Fértil from which I conducted EBSD analyses to quantify the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and the internal lattice distortions. I considered the evidence for tectonic filter pressing, mechanical compaction, and viscous compaction. The internal lattice distortions have a similar distribution across plagioclase, hornblende, and quartz. This suggests the crystal deformation happened subsolidus and was not caused by either viscous compaction or tectonic filter pressing, and that a mechanical compaction process was responsible for pore space reduction. Future work should focus on the physics of hydrogranular systems with non-spherical particles employing analogue and numerical models to better capture natural systems.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Magma Evolution by : Francesco Vetere
Download or read book Dynamic Magma Evolution written by Francesco Vetere and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the complex physico-chemical processes involved in active volcanism and dynamic magmatism Understanding the magmatic processes responsible for the chemical and textural signatures of volcanic products and igneous rocks is crucial for monitoring, forecasting, and mitigating the impacts of volcanic activity. Dynamic Magma Evolution is a compilation of recent geochemical, petrological, physical, and thermodynamic studies. It combines field research, experimental results, theoretical approaches, unconventional and novel techniques, and computational modeling to present the latest developments in the field. Volume highlights include: Crystallization and degassing processes in magmatic environments Bubble and mineral nucleation and growth induced by cooling and decompression Kinetic processes during magma ascent to the surface Magma mixing, mingling, and recharge dynamics Geo-speedometer measurement of volcanic events Changes in magma rheology induced by mineral and volatile content The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Through the Magma Mush by : Christopher Svoboda
Download or read book Through the Magma Mush written by Christopher Svoboda and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Magma-Rock and Magma-Mush Interactions as Fundamental Processes of Magmatic Differentiation by : Anastassia Borisova
Download or read book Magma-Rock and Magma-Mush Interactions as Fundamental Processes of Magmatic Differentiation written by Anastassia Borisova and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During transport, a percolating melt or magma may contact rock or a magmatic mush, resulting in inevitable interactions that may be described as magma/melt-rock or magma/melt-mush interactions. Examples of these types of interactions include mantle metasomatism, mineral-melt reaction in the mantle, mineral dissolution in magma, crustal wallrock partial melting, and thermal remobilization of preexisting mushy magma (rejuvenation of mush) by intruding high specific enthalpy magma. This spectrum of processes plays a major role in the composition, thickness, and age of the mantle lithosphere and its associated crust. These interactions also impact the asthenosphere because melts that form in the deepest parts of the mantle may ascend and interact with shallower mantle during transport.
Book Synopsis Chemical, Physical and Temporal Evolution of Magmatic Systems by : L. Caricchi
Download or read book Chemical, Physical and Temporal Evolution of Magmatic Systems written by L. Caricchi and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of the physical and chemical processes that regulate the evolution of magmatic systems has improved tremendously since the foundations were laid down 100 years ago by Bowen. The concept of crustal magma chambers has progressively evolved from molten-rock vats to thermally, chemically and physically heterogeneous reservoirs that are kept active by the periodic injection of magma. This new model, while more complex, provides a better framework to interpret volcanic activity and decipher the information contained in intrusive and extrusive rocks. Igneous and metamorphic petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, and numerical modelling, all contributed towards this new picture of crustal magmatic systems. This book provides an overview of the wide range of approaches that can nowadays be used to understand the chemical, physical and temporal evolution of magmatic and volcanic systems.
Book Synopsis Layered Intrusions by : Bernard Charlier
Download or read book Layered Intrusions written by Bernard Charlier and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 749 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited work contains the most recent advances related to the study of layered intrusions and cumulate rocks formation. The first part of this book presents reviews and new views of processes producing the textural, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of layered igneous rocks. The second part summarizes progress in the study of selected layered intrusions and their ore deposits from different parts of the world including Canada, Southwest China, Greenland and South Africa. Thirty experts have contributed to this update on recent research on Layered Intrusions. This highly informative book will provide insight for researchers with an interest in geology, igneous petrology, geochemistry and mineral resources.
Book Synopsis The Role of Nano- to Millimetre Sized Crystals on the Dynamic Evolution of Shallow Silica-rich Magma by : Francisco Cáceres Acevedo
Download or read book The Role of Nano- to Millimetre Sized Crystals on the Dynamic Evolution of Shallow Silica-rich Magma written by Francisco Cáceres Acevedo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Field Constraints on the Dynamics of Silicic Magma Chamber Rejuvenation and Overturn by :
Download or read book Quantitative Field Constraints on the Dynamics of Silicic Magma Chamber Rejuvenation and Overturn written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of recent papers by Bachmann and co-authors investigate a hypothesis that the catastrophic eruption of large-volume, crystal-rich silicic magmas is a consequence of reheating (so-called rejuvenation) and overturn of partially molten, buoyant silicic material by repeated injection of dense, hot mafic magma. In support of this model, we analyse an extensive suite of kinematic indicators for the buoyant overturn of silicic crystal mush layers of the Coastal Maine Magmatic Province, apparently in response to the injection and cooling of hot, dense mafic magmas. We use spectral analysis, microtextural analysis and scaling theory to identify, characterise and understand the length-scales of deformation along sharp interfaces separating mafic and silicic intrusive layers, from the scale of individual crystals (~1 cm) to in excess of the mafic layer thickness (>100 m). Deformations at the largest scale lengths are comparable to the silicic layer thickness, consistent with Rayleigh-Taylor theory, and support a conjecture that mafic recharge can cause large-scale overturning of silicic magma chambers. By contrast, deformations at the scale of crystals probably record buoyancy effects related to melt percolation and intermediate scales are explained by compaction. The evolution of rejuvenation is investigated and a condition for large-scale overturn of the chamber is proposed. This work provides the first field-based confirmation of the rejuvenation-overturn hypothesis. Additional laboratory experiments addressing the overturn of a particle-rich buoyant fluid layer overlain by a denser fluid layer are outlined in Appendix C.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics by : D.E. James
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by D.E. James and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989-11-30 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
Book Synopsis Magmatic Systems by : Michael P. Ryan
Download or read book Magmatic Systems written by Michael P. Ryan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-08-26 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its integrated and cohesive coverage of the current research, Magmatic Systems skillfully explores the physical processes, mechanics, and dynamics of volcanism. The text utilizes a synthesized perspective--theoretical, experimental, and observational--to address the powerful regulatory mechanisms controlling the movement of melts and cooling, with emphasis on mantle plumes, mid-ocean ridges, and intraplate magmatism. Further coverage of subduction zone magmatism includes:Fluid mechanics of mixed magma migrationInternal structure of active systemsGrain-scale melt flowRheology of partial meltsNumerical simulation of porous media melt migrationNonlinear (chaotic and fractal) processes in magma transportIn all, Magmatic Systems will prove invaluable reading to those in search of an interdisciplinary perspective on this active topic. Key Features* Fluid mechanics of magma migration from surface region to eruption site* Internal structure of active magmatic systems* Grain-scale melt flow in mantle plumes and beneath mid-ocean ridges* Physics of magmatic systems and magma dynamics
Book Synopsis Origin and Evolution of Earth by : National Research Council
Download or read book Origin and Evolution of Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about the origin and nature of Earth and the life on it have long preoccupied human thought and the scientific endeavor. Deciphering the planet's history and processes could improve the ability to predict catastrophes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, to manage Earth's resources, and to anticipate changes in climate and geologic processes. At the request of the U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Science Foundation, and U.S. Geological Survey, the National Research Council assembled a committee to propose and explore grand questions in geological and planetary science. This book captures, in a series of questions, the essential scientific challenges that constitute the frontier of Earth science at the start of the 21st century.
Book Synopsis Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems by : Steffi Burchardt
Download or read book Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems written by Steffi Burchardt and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems: Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth's Crust synthesizes research from various geoscience disciplines to examine volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) in-depth. VIPS comprise a network of magma transport and storage features in the Earth’s crust. These features include dykes, sills and larger magma bodies that form the pathway and supply system of magma beneath active volcanoes. Combining basic principles with world-class research and informative illustrations, this unique reference presents a holistic view of each topic covered, including magma transport, magma chambers, tectonics and volcanism. Addressing a variety of approaches to these topics, this book offers researchers and academics in the Earth Science fields, such as geophysics, volcanology and igneous petrology the information they need to apply the information to their own disciplines. Provides an easily understandable overview of current research on volcanic and igneous plumbing systems Includes full color illustrations to increase understanding Covers fundamental information needed to optimize comprehension Features a field example from world-class research in each chapter, including photographs and maps
Book Synopsis Volcanic Unrest by : Joachim Gottsmann
Download or read book Volcanic Unrest written by Joachim Gottsmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Download or read book Iceland written by Brennan T. Jordan and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This field trip was first run 3-14 July 2019 as a companion to the session "The Formation and Evolution of Iceland: Magmatic, Tectonic, and Geomorphological Processes" convened at the Geological Society of America 2019 Northeastern Section Meeting held in Portland, Maine, USA"--Preface
Book Synopsis Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics by : J.-L. Bouchez
Download or read book Granite: From Segregation of Melt to Emplacement Fabrics written by J.-L. Bouchez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: viii debate of those earlier days has been beautifully summarized by H. H. Read in his famous "Granite Controversy" (1957). Read's formulation of the controversy occurred at the time when geochemistry was as a new and powerful tool. The new techniques opened era during which emerging an granites were considered mainly from this new viewpoint. Geochemical signatures have shown that mantle and crustal origins for granites were both possible, but the debate on how and why granites are emplaced did not progress much. Meanwhile, structural geology was essentially geometrical and mechanistic. In the early 70's, the structural approach began to widen to include solid state physics and fluid dynamics. Detailed structural maps of granitic bodies were again published, mainly in France, and analysed in terms of magmatic and plastic flow. The senior editor of this volume and his students deserve much of the credit for this new development. Via microstructural and petrofabric studies, they were able to discriminate between strain in the presence of residual melt or in the solid-state, and, by systematically measuring magnetic fabrics (AMS), they have been able to map magmatic foliations and lineations in ever finer detail, using the internal markers within granites coming from different tectonic environments. The traditional debate has been shifted anew. The burning question now seems to be how the necessary, large-scale or local, crustal extension required for granite emplacement can be obtained.
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 5604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Book Synopsis New Views of the Moon by : Bradley L. Jolliff
Download or read book New Views of the Moon written by Bradley L. Jolliff and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 60 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry assesses the current state of knowledge of lunar geoscience, given the data sets provided by missions of the 1990's, and lists remaining key questions as well as new ones for future exploration to address. It documents how a planet or moon other than the world on which we live can be studied and understood in light of integrated suites of specific kinds of information. The Moon is the only body other than Earth for which we have material samples of known geologic context for study. This volume seeks to show how the different kinds of information gained about the Moon relate to each other and also to learn from this experience, thus allowing more efficient planning for the exploration of other worlds.
