On Evidence In Philosophy

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The Book of Evidence

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198032919
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Book of Evidence by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book The Book of Evidence written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is required for something to be evidence for a hypothesis? In this fascinating, elegantly written work, distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein explores this question, rejecting typical philosophical and statistical theories of evidence. He claims these theories are much too weak to give scientists what they want--a good reason to believe--and, in some cases, they furnish concepts that mistakenly make all evidential claims a priori. Achinstein introduces four concepts of evidence, defines three of them by reference to "potential" evidence, and characterizes the latter using a novel epistemic interpretation of probability. The resulting theory is then applied to philosophical and historical issues. Solutions are provided to the "grue," "ravens," "lottery," and "old-evidence" paradoxes, and to a series of questions. These include whether explanations or predictions furnish more evidential weight, whether individual hypotheses or entire theoretical systems can receive evidential support, what counts as a scientific discovery, and what sort of evidence is required for it. The historical questions include whether Jean Perrin had non-circular evidence for the existence of molecules, what type of evidence J. J. Thomson offered for the existence of the electron, and whether, as is usually supposed, he really discovered the electron. Achinstein proposes answers in terms of the concepts of evidence introduced. As the premier book in the fabulous new series Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Science, this volume is essential for philosophers of science and historians of science, as well as for statisticians, scientists with philosophical interests, and anyone curious about scientific reasoning.

Knowledge and Evidence

Author : Paul K. Moser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521423632
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (236 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowledge and Evidence by : Paul K. Moser

Download or read book Knowledge and Evidence written by Paul K. Moser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophers have sought to define knowledge since the time of Plato. This inquiry outlines a theory of rational belief by challenging prominent skeptical claims that we have no justified beliefs about the external world.

A Philosophy of Evidence Law

Author : H. L. Ho
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199228302
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis A Philosophy of Evidence Law by : H. L. Ho

Download or read book A Philosophy of Evidence Law written by H. L. Ho and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2008-03-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the legal and moral theory behind the law of evidence and proof, arguing that only by exploring the nature of responsibility in fact-finding can the role and purpose of much of the law be fully understood. Ho argues that the court must not only find the truth to do justice, it must do justice in finding the truth.

On Evidence in Philosophy

Author : William G. Lycan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780191868221
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis On Evidence in Philosophy by : William G. Lycan

Download or read book On Evidence in Philosophy written by William G. Lycan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William G. Lycan offers an epistemology of philosophy itself, a partial method for philosophical inquiry. In sum, he advocates a picture of philosophy as a very wide explanatory reflective equilibrium incorporating common sense, science, and our firmest intuitions on any topic.

Evidence and Faith

Author : Charles Taliaferro
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521790277
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence and Faith by : Charles Taliaferro

Download or read book Evidence and Faith written by Charles Taliaferro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A narrative history of philosophical reflection on religion from the seventeenth century to the present.

The Concept of Evidence

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Evidence by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book The Concept of Evidence written by Peter Achinstein and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology presents work on major topics surrounding the concept of evidence as employed in the empirical sciences. Focusing on the "classificatory" concept of evidence rather than the quantitative "degree of confirmation," the selections include Carl G. Hempel's satisfaction definition, R.B. Braithwaite's hypothetic-deductive view, N.R. Hanson's account of retroduction, Nelson Goodman's entrenchment theory, probability definitions discussed by Rudolf Carnap and Wesley Salmon, Clark Glymour's bootstrap theory, and a view of Achinstein's that combines probability and explanation.

The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine

Author : Jeremy H. Howick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444342665
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine by : Jeremy H. Howick

Download or read book The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine written by Jeremy H. Howick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-23 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) has become a required element of clinical practice, but it is critical for the healthcare community to understand the ongoing controversy surrounding EBM. Seeking to address questions raised by critics, The Philosophy of Evidence-based Medicine challenges the over dependency of EBM on randomized controlled trials. This book also explores EBM methodology and its relationship with other approaches used in medicine.

On Evidence in Philosophy

Author : William G. Lycan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192565265
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis On Evidence in Philosophy by : William G. Lycan

Download or read book On Evidence in Philosophy written by William G. Lycan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book William G. Lycan offers an epistemology of philosophy itself, a partial method for philosophical inquiry. The epistemology features three ultimate sources of justified philosophical belief. First, common sense, in a carefully restricted sense of the term-the sorts of contingent propositions Moore defended against idealists and skeptics. Second, the deliverances of well confirmed science. Third and more fundamentally, intuitions about cases in a carefully specified sense of that term. The first half of On Evidence in Philosophy expounds a version of Moore's method and applies it to each of several issues. This version is shown to resist all the standard objections to Moore; most of them do not even apply. It is argued, in Chapters 5 and 6, that philosophical method is far less powerful than most have taken it to be. In particular, deductive argument can accomplish very little, and hardly ever is an opposing position refuted except by common sense or by science. The final two chapters defend the evidential status of intuitions and the Goodmanian method of reflective equilibrium; it is argued that philosophy always and everywhere depends on them. The method is then set within a more general explanatory-coherentist epistemology, which is shown to resist standard forms of skepticism. In sum, William G. Lycan advocates a picture of philosophy as a very wide explanatory reflective equilibrium incorporating common sense, science, and our firmest intuitions on any topic-and nothing more, not ever.

Evidence and Meaning

Author : Robert J Fogelin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135028656
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence and Meaning by : Robert J Fogelin

Download or read book Evidence and Meaning written by Robert J Fogelin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1967. This is an examination of warrant statements – statements which indicated something about the grounds on behalf of some further judgement, choice or action. The first part of the study is concerned with the role of warrant statements in theoretical discourse; while the second part concerns their role in practical discourse. Also examined are necessity, probability, knowing, seeing and the complex of terms which allow us to introduce an argumentative structure into discourse.

The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence

Author : Maria Lasonen-Aarnio
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317373901
Total Pages : 562 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence by : Maria Lasonen-Aarnio

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence written by Maria Lasonen-Aarnio and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What one can know depends on one’s evidence. Good scientific theories are supported by evidence. Our experiences provide us with evidence. Any sort of inquiry involves the seeking of evidence. It is irrational to believe contrary to your evidence. For these reasons and more, evidence is one of the most fundamental notions in the field of epistemology and is emerging as a crucial topic across academic disciplines. The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems, and debates in this exciting subject and is the first major volume of its kind. Comprising forty chapters by an international team of contributors the handbook is divided into six clear parts: The Nature of Evidence Evidence and Probability The Social Epistemology of Evidence Sources of Evidence Evidence and Justification Evidence in the Disciplines The Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Evidence is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy of science and epistemology, and will also be of interest to those in related disciplines across the humanities and social sciences, such as law, religion, and history.

Probability and Evidence

Author : Alfred Jules Ayer
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231132756
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Evidence by : Alfred Jules Ayer

Download or read book Probability and Evidence written by Alfred Jules Ayer and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition of Probability and Evidence, first published in 1972, one of the foremost analytical philosophers of the twentieth century addresses central questions in epistemology and the philosophy of science. Based on Ayer's influential Dewey Lectures of 1970, Probability and Evidence contains revised versions of the lectures and two additional essays. This new edition includes Graham Macdonald's extensive introduction explaining the book's importance and influence in contemporary philosophy.

Facts and Evidence

Author : Baosheng Zhang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811596395
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Facts and Evidence by : Baosheng Zhang

Download or read book Facts and Evidence written by Baosheng Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an in-depth discussion on two concepts from the field of philosophy and law, in order to improve our understanding of the relation between “fact” and “evidence” in judicial process. Since fact-finding is a difficult task for judges, proof by evidence has been devised to help them access the truth. However, in the process of judicial fact-finding, there is always a gap between fact and truth. This book covers a wide range of topics, from reflections on the concept of “fact,” “evidence” and “fact-finding” in the field of philosophy and law to individual case studies. As such it is a useful reference resource on the continuing research on the judicial proof process for students and scholars.

Evidence, Explanation, and Realism

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199755736
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence, Explanation, and Realism by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book Evidence, Explanation, and Realism written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-28 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume address three fundamental questions in the philosophy of science: What is required for some fact to be evidence for a scientific hypothesis? What does it mean to say that a scientist or a theory explains a phenomenon? Should scientific theories that postulate "unobservable" entities such as electrons be construed realistically as aiming to correctly describe a world underlying what is directly observable, or should such theories be understood as aiming to correctly describe only the observable world? Distinguished philosopher of science Peter Achinstein provides answers to each of these questions in essays written over a period of more than 40 years. The present volume brings together his important previously published essays, allowing the reader to confront some of the most basic and challenging issues in the philosophy of science, and to consider Achinstein's many influential contributions to the solution of these issues. He presents a theory of evidence that relates this concept to probability and explanation; a theory of explanation that relates this concept to an explaining act as well as to the different ways in which explanations are to be evaluated; and an empirical defense of scientific realism that invokes both the concept of evidence and that of explanation.

Evidence for God

Author : William A. Dembski
Publisher : Baker Books
ISBN 13 : 1441211799
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (412 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence for God by : William A. Dembski

Download or read book Evidence for God written by William A. Dembski and published by Baker Books. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have always been challenges to belief in God as he is revealed in the Bible and each new year seems to add more questions to the doubter's arsenal. In Evidence for God, leading apologists provide compelling arguments that address the most pressing questions of the day about God, science, Jesus, the Bible, and more, including Is Intelligent Design really a credible explanation of the origins of our world? Did Jesus really exist? Is Jesus really the only way to God? What about those who have never heard the gospel? Is the Bible today what was originally written? What about recently publicized gospels that aren't in the Bible? and much more

The Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy

Author : Justin Sytsma
Publisher : Broadview Press
ISBN 13 : 146040288X
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy by : Justin Sytsma

Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy written by Justin Sytsma and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, developments in experimental philosophy have led many thinkers to reconsider their central assumptions and methods. It is not enough to speculate and introspect from the armchair—philosophers must subject their claims to scientific scrutiny, looking at evidence and in some cases conducting new empirical research. The Theory and Practice of Experimental Philosophy is an introduction and guide to the systematic collection and analysis of empirical data in academic philosophy. This book serves two purposes: first, it examines the theory behind “x-phi,” including its underlying motivations and the objections that have been leveled against it. Second, the book offers a practical guide for those interested in doing experimental philosophy, detailing how to design, implement, and analyze empirical studies. Thus, the book explains the reasoning behind x-phi and provides tools to help readers become experimental philosophers.

What Do Philosophers Do?

Author : Penelope Maddy
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190618698
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis What Do Philosophers Do? by : Penelope Maddy

Download or read book What Do Philosophers Do? written by Penelope Maddy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do you know the world around you isn't just an elaborate dream, or the creation of an evil neuroscientist? If all you have to go on are various lights, sounds, smells, tastes and tickles, how can you know what the world is really like, or even whether there is a world beyond your own mind? Questions like these -- familiar from science fiction and dorm room debates -- lie at the core of venerable philosophical arguments for radical skepticism: the stark contention that we in fact know nothing at all about the world, that we have no more reason to believe any claim -- that there are trees, that we have hands -- than we have to disbelieve it. Like non-philosophers in their sober moments, philosophers, too, find this skeptical conclusion preposterous, but they're faced with those famous arguments: the Dream Argument, the Argument from Illusion, the Infinite Regress of Justification, the more recent Closure Argument. If these can't be met, they raise a serious challenge not just to philosophers, but to anyone responsible enough to expect her beliefs to square with her evidence. What Do Philosophers Do? takes up the skeptical arguments from this everyday point of view, and ultimately concludes that they don't undermine our ordinary beliefs or our ordinary ways of finding out about the world. In the process, Maddy examines and evaluates a range of philosophical methods -- common sense, scientific naturalism, ordinary language, conceptual analysis, therapeutic approaches -- as employed by such philosophers as Thomas Reid, G. E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and J. L. Austin. The result is a revealing portrait of what philosophers do, and perhaps a quiet suggestion for what they should do, for what they do best.

Evidence and Method

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199921857
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Evidence and Method by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book Evidence and Method written by Peter Achinstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Peter Achinstein proposes and defends several objective concepts of evidence. He then explores the question of whether a scientific method, such as that represented in the four "Rules for the Study of Natural Philosophy" that Isaac Newton invoked in proving his law of gravity, can be employed in demonstrating how the proposed definitions of evidence are to be applied to real scientific cases.