Old Field Community Response To Multiple Interacting Factors Of Global Change

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Old-field Community Response to Multiple Interacting Factors of Global Change

Author : Elizabeth Cayenne Engel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Old-field Community Response to Multiple Interacting Factors of Global Change by : Elizabeth Cayenne Engel

Download or read book Old-field Community Response to Multiple Interacting Factors of Global Change written by Elizabeth Cayenne Engel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communities are structured by many factors including abiotic factors such as resource availability, and biotic interactions. Climatic and atmospheric change will affect the composition of plant communities through multiple interacting biotic and abiotic factors. Literature on the effects of single factors on plant communities is abundant yet there have been few experiments examining the effects of multiple abiotic factors associated with climate change. Moreover, plant communities are not controlled solely by environmental conditions, but by biotic interactions such as competition and facilitation. In this thesis, I used a field experiment to examine the effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and soil moisture on in-situ old-field plant communities (Chapter 2). In addition, I conducted a separate field experiment to examine the competitive relationships among the constituent species to test whether an experimentally derived competitive hierarchy can predict relative abundances of species within plant communities (Chapter 3). I examined plant community responses to treatments of elevated [CO2] (+300 ppm), warming (+3 degrees C), and soil moisture availability applied to experimental plots within open-top chambers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. In 2002, we constructed plots with plant communities consisting of seven common old-field species, including grasses, forbs, and legumes. Beginning in 2003, we tracked foliar cover, density and recruitment, and reproductive phenology for each plant species, and determined changes in community diversity and evenness over the course of two growing seasons. We observed few interactive effects of treatments on plant abundance. Most of the observed plant responses to treatments were responses to single factors. Species-specific foliar cover was most strongly influenced by warming: warming reduced foliar cover of Trifolium pratense and Dactylis glomerata, but increased foliar cover of Andropogon virginicus and Solidgao canadensis. Foliar cover of Dactylis glomerata was lower in dry plots than in wet plots. During the second full growing season, plant species diversity, evenness, and richness were at least 10% lower in wet plots, where total foliar cover and dominance were greater than in dry plots. Interactive effects of treatments appeared only toward the end of the second growing season. For example, late in the growing season of 2004, cover of Dactylis was four times greater within wet plots under ambient temperatures than in all other treatment combinations (temperature x water interaction; P less than 0.02).

Soil Contamination

Author : Marcelo L. Larramendy
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838807535
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Contamination by : Marcelo L. Larramendy

Download or read book Soil Contamination written by Marcelo L. Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book, Soil Contamination - Threats and Sustainable Solutions, is intended to provide an update on different aspects of soil contamination exerted by a multiplicity of exogenous and endogenous causes. We hope that this book will continue to increase information from diverse sources and to give some real-life examples, extending the appreciation of the complexity of this subject in a way that may stimulate new approaches in relevant fields.

Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States

Author : US Global Change Research Program
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1510726217
Total Pages : 999 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States by : US Global Change Research Program

Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States written by US Global Change Research Program and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate change proliferates, so too do the health risks associated with the changing world around us. Called for in the President’s Climate Action Plan and put together by experts from eight different Federal agencies, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Scientific Assessment is a comprehensive report on these evolving health risks, including: Temperature-related death and illness Air quality deterioration Impacts of extreme events on human health Vector-borne diseases Climate impacts on water-related Illness Food safety, nutrition, and distribution Mental health and well-being This report summarizes scientific data in a concise and accessible fashion for the general public, providing executive summaries, key takeaways, and full-color diagrams and charts. Learn what health risks face you and your family as a result of global climate change and start preparing now with The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.

Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming

Author : Jacqueline E. Mohan
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128134941
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming by : Jacqueline E. Mohan

Download or read book Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming written by Jacqueline E. Mohan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming: Microbes, Vegetation, Fauna and Soil Biogeochemistry focuses on biotic and biogeochemical responses to warmer soils including plant and microbial evolution. It covers various field settings, such as arctic tundra; alpine meadows; temperate, tropical and subalpine forests; drylands; and grassland ecosystems. Information integrates multiple natural science disciplines, providing a holistic, integrative approach that will help readers understand and forecast future planetwide responses to soil warming. Students and educators will find this book informative for understanding biotic and biogeochemical responses to changing climatic conditions. Scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including soil scientists, ecologists, geneticists, as well as molecular, evolutionary and conservation biologists, will find this book a valuable resource in understanding and planning for warmer climate conditions. Emphasizes biological components of soils, plants and microbes that provide linkages to physics and chemistry Brings together chapters written by global scientific experts with interests in communication and education Includes coverage of polar, alpine, tropical, temperate and dryland ecosystems

Advancing the Science of Climate Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145880
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Advancing the Science of Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Advances in Crop Environment Interaction

Author : Santanu Kumar Bal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811318611
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Crop Environment Interaction by : Santanu Kumar Bal

Download or read book Advances in Crop Environment Interaction written by Santanu Kumar Bal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture is currently facing multi-faceted threats in the form of unpredictable weather variability, frequent droughts and scarcity of irrigation water, together with the degradation of soil resources and declining environmental health. These stresses result in the modification of plant physiology to impart greater resilience to changing abiotic and biotic environments, but only at the cost of declining plant productivity. In light of these facts, assessing the status of natural resource bases, and understanding the mechanisms of soil-plant-environment interactions so as to devise adaptation and mitigation approaches, represent great and imminent challenges for all of us. In this context, it is essential to understand the potential applications of modern tools, existing coping mechanisms and their integration, as this will allow us to develop suitable advanced mitigation strategies. From a broader perspective, the book deals with crop-environment interaction in the context of changing climatic conditions. To do so, it addresses four major aspects: Understanding the mechanism of carbon dynamics in the soil-plant-environment continuum; greenhouse gas fluxes in agricultural systems; and soil properties influenced by climate change and carbon sequestration processes. Mitigation and management of the photo-thermal environment to improve crop productivity; soil health under variable climate; reducing agro-ecosystem evapotranspiration losses through biophysical controls; and heat stress in field crops and its management. Studying the impact of climate change on biotic environments; insect-pest interactions; manifestations of disease; and adaptation strategies for island agro-ecosystems. Innovative approaches to assess stress impacts in crops, such as crop modeling, remote sensing, spectral stress indices etc. The book presents a collection of contributions from authoritative experts in their respective fields. Offering young researchers new perspectives and future research directions, it represents a valuable guide for graduate students and academics alike.

Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity, Resilience and Community Dynamics

Author : Ivan Hiltpold
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889452905
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity, Resilience and Community Dynamics by : Ivan Hiltpold

Download or read book Grassland-Invertebrate Interactions: Plant Productivity, Resilience and Community Dynamics written by Ivan Hiltpold and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural and anthropogenic grasslands such as prairies, meadows, rangelands, and pastures cover more than 40% of the planet’s surface and provide a wealth of ecological services. Grasslands alone store one third of the global carbon stocks and grass roots, through their specific architectures, ensure water cycling and prevent the erosion of fertile topsoil. In addition, grasslands are of vital importance for human food production as vast areas of rangelands and pastures provide feed for livestock. Pastoral legumes mobilize atmospheric nitrogen and improve fertility of arable soils. Not least, grasslands are an essential genetic resource. The three major crop species that feed half of the global population have been bred from wild grasses. Ancestors of our contemporary turf cultivars, common components of urban landscapes and recreation spaces, originated from wild grasslands. Although natural and managed grasslands represent pivotal ecosystems, many aspects of how they function are poorly understood. To date, most attention has focused on grassland primary producers (i.e. forage plants) and mammalian grazers but invertebrates are likely to play an equally, if not more important role in grassland ecosystem functioning. In Australian pastures, for example, the biomass of root-feeding scarab beetles can often exceed that of sheep and plant damage caused by invertebrates is sometimes equivalent to an average dairy cow’s grass consumption. Indeed, grasslands are one of the most densely populated ecosystems with invertebrates being probably the most important engineers that shape both plant communities and the grassland as a whole. In a rapidly changing world with increasing anthropogenic pressure on grasslands, this Research Topic focuses on: 1. How grassland habitats shape invertebrate biodiversity 2. Impacts of climate change on grassland-invertebrate interactions 3. Plant and invertebrate pest monitoring and management 4. Plant-mediated multitrophic interactions and biological control in grasslands 5. Land use and grassland invertebrates 6. Plant resistance to invertebrate pests Given the increasing demand for food and land for human habitation, unprecedented threats to grasslands are anticipated. Resilient to some extent, these key ecosystems need to be better comprehended to guarantee their sustainable management and ecosystem services.

Emerging Trends in Biosciences

Author : Dr Nikhil Agnihotri
Publisher : InfoCapsule LLP
ISBN 13 : 8195744125
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (957 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Trends in Biosciences by : Dr Nikhil Agnihotri

Download or read book Emerging Trends in Biosciences written by Dr Nikhil Agnihotri and published by InfoCapsule LLP. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The completion of this book has given us immense joy and contentment after huge, comprehensive, and demanding efforts. It was a challenge for all of us to compile the advanced knowledge that would be vital for all the enthusiasts of biology and other streams of life sciences. The book "Emerging Trends in Life Sciences" is intended to provide most of the knowledge of recent emerging trends in various topics of Biosciences. It contains 15 chapters from well-known researchers and academicians in their respective fields. The various aspects covered in this book include Plant Science, Agriculture, and Environment. The book is an effort to address various topics related to biology and streams of life sciences in a way that actually makes sense and is easy to understand. This book provides scattered knowledge and literature in compiled form.

Progress in Botany

Author : Ulrich Lüttge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642309666
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Botany by : Ulrich Lüttge

Download or read book Progress in Botany written by Ulrich Lüttge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-24 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology, and vegetation science.

Microbiomes and the Global Climate Change

Author : Showkat Ahmad Lone
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981334508X
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiomes and the Global Climate Change by : Showkat Ahmad Lone

Download or read book Microbiomes and the Global Climate Change written by Showkat Ahmad Lone and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the contemporary environmental issues faced by life on the planet and the role planetary microbiomes play in such issues. Providing insights on the net favorable and adverse effect of microbial processes, this volume covers both the spontaneous and anthropocentric events that impact climate change and life on the planet. The book describes the ecological significance of microbiomes associated with the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia with respect to climate change, natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change, microbial interactions in nature, planetary microbiomes and food security, climate change in relation to disease epidemiology and human health and engineering microorganisms to mitigate the consequences of climate change. The individual chapters in the intended book provide both theoretical and practical exposure to the current issues and future challenges of climate change in relation to the microbiomes. This collection should serve as ready reference to the researchers working in the area to reshape their future research in addressing the challenges of global climate change.

Climate Change Biology

Author :
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845937481
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change Biology by :

Download or read book Climate Change Biology written by and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has moved from being a contested phenomenon to the top of the agenda at global summits. Climate Change Biology is the first major textbook to address the critical issue of how climate change may affect life on the planet, and particularly its impact on human populations. Presented in four parts, the first deals extensively with the physical evidence of climate change and various modelling efforts to predict its future. Biological responses are addressed in the second part, from the individual's physiology to populations and ecosystems, and further to considering adaptation and evolution. The third part examines the specific impact climate change may have on natural resources, agriculture and forestry. The final part considers research on the cutting edge of impact prediction and the practical and philosophical limitations on our abilities to predict these impacts. This text will be a useful asset to the growing number of both undergraduate and graduate courses on impacts of climate change, as well as providing a succinct overview for researchers new to the field.

Global Climate Change: Resilient and Smart Agriculture

Author : V. Venkatramanan
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813298561
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Climate Change: Resilient and Smart Agriculture by : V. Venkatramanan

Download or read book Global Climate Change: Resilient and Smart Agriculture written by V. Venkatramanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-18 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential insights into methods and practices of ‘Climate-smart Agriculture,’ which is driven by the principles of climate resilience and smart resource use in agricultural production. Climate-smart agriculture is a key policy instrument for achieving poverty eradication and a hunger-free world, as well as mitigating the effects of climate change. This book discusses in detail climate-smart agricultural technologies and practices that can reduce the vulnerability of agricultural systems, improve the livelihoods of farmers and other stakeholders, and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from crop production and livestock husbandry. The agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) sector produces roughly 10–12 gigatons of CO2-equivalent per year; therefore, sustainable practices for agriculture and related land use hold immense potential to mitigate climate change. The potential impacts of climate variability and climate change on agriculture are extensively documented and articulated, especially with regard to global and national environmental agendas that call for innovation, transformation and climate-resilient advances in agriculture. As the book demonstrates, climate-smart agriculture offers an excellent tool for boosting agricultural output to feed the growing global population; for reducing greenhouse gases emissions from agriculture and other land use; and for protecting agricultural production systems from the impending dangers of climate change.

Grassland conservation in asia: Sustainability under climate change

Author : Jianshuang Wu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832526144
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Grassland conservation in asia: Sustainability under climate change by : Jianshuang Wu

Download or read book Grassland conservation in asia: Sustainability under climate change written by Jianshuang Wu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems

Author : Krishna Kumar Choudhary
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0128175222
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems by : Krishna Kumar Choudhary

Download or read book Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems written by Krishna Kumar Choudhary and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems explains the causative factors of climate change related to agriculture, soil and plants, and discusses the relevant resulting mitigation process. Agricultural ecosystems include factors from the surrounding areas where agriculture experiences direct or indirect interaction with the plants, animals, and microbes present. Changes in climatic conditions influence all the factors of agricultural ecosystems, which can potentially adversely affect their productivity. This book summarizes the different aspects of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. It also focuses on the utilization of information technology for the sustainability of the agricultural sector along with the capacity and adaptability of agricultural societies under climate change. Climate Change and Agricultural Ecosystems incorporates both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. This book is a valuable resource for those working in environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Covers the role of chemicals fertilizers, environmental deposition, and xenobiotics in climate change Discusses the impact of climate change on plants, soil, microflora, and agricultural ecosystems Explores the mitigation of climate change by sustainable methods Presents the role of computational modelling in climate change mitigation

Global Change and the Earth System

Author : Will Steffen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540266070
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Change and the Earth System by : Will Steffen

Download or read book Global Change and the Earth System written by Will Steffen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Change and the Earth System describes what is known about the Earth system and the impact of changes caused by humans. It considers the consequences of these changes with respect to the stability of the Earth system and the well-being of humankind; as well as exploring future paths towards Earth-system science in support of global sustainability. The results presented here are based on 10 years of research on global change by many of the world's most eminent scholars. This valuable volume achieves a new level of integration and interdisciplinarity in treating global change.

Responses of Marine Microbes to Multiple Environmental Drivers of Global Change: the Interplay of Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Author : Yuanyuan Feng
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832502660
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Responses of Marine Microbes to Multiple Environmental Drivers of Global Change: the Interplay of Abiotic and Biotic Factors by : Yuanyuan Feng

Download or read book Responses of Marine Microbes to Multiple Environmental Drivers of Global Change: the Interplay of Abiotic and Biotic Factors written by Yuanyuan Feng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services

Author : Diana H. Wall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199688168
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services by : Diana H. Wall

Download or read book Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services written by Diana H. Wall and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-contributor, international volume synthesizes contributions from the world's leading soil scientists and ecologists, describing cutting-edge research that provides a basis for the maintenance of soil health and sustainability. The book covers these advances from a unique perspective of examining the ecosystem services produced by soil biota across different scales - from biotic interactions at microscales to communities functioning at regional and global scales. The book leads the user towards an understanding of how the sustainability of soils, biodiversity, and ecosystem services can be maintained and how humans, other animals, and ecosystems are dependent on living soils and ecosystem services. This is a valuable reference book for academic libraries and professional ecologists worldwide as a statement of progress in the broad field of soil ecology. It will also be of interest to both upper level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in soil ecology, as well as academic researchers and professionals in the field requiring an authoritative, balanced, and up-to-date overview of this fast expanding topic.