Oil And Development In Venezuela During The 20th Century

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Oil and Development in Venezuela During the 20th Century

Author : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil and Development in Venezuela During the 20th Century by : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo

Download or read book Oil and Development in Venezuela During the 20th Century written by Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and published by Praeger. This book was released on 2004-05-30 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances the theory that a potential leading export sector—in this case, the oil sector—is capable of inducing economic growth even in peripheral countries where the product line is primary in nature. In Venezuela the oil sector has contributed directly and indirectly to the development of the country's overall economy, particularly from 1936 to 1973, when that sector met the criteria of a leading sector, i.e., one that expands rapidly and obtains a large specific size relative to the economy as a whole. Oil investment in Venezuela contributed to the fiscal sector, the foreign sector, GDP, income, backward and forward linkages, the multiplier and accelerator effects, and the retained value of total expenditures. In spite of recent efforts to diversify the production and export mix, the Venezuelan economy continues to remain heavily dependent on oil production for export. During the midcentury decades of solid growth, it became evident that government oversight was needed to ensure that the numerous contributions flowing from the oil sector would be put to good use. Overall, it appears that the contributions were well utilized by the Venezuelan government, although there was plenty of room for improvement. Income distribution problems and other social inequities continued to beset the development process, leaving the economy rigid and inflexible. Consequently, when the oil sector faltered (1974 to 2000), Venezuela was unable to shift into other product lines. Political disarray soon followed, and with it a pervasive aura of economic uncertainty that persists to this day.

Oil and Development in Venezuela during the 20th Century

Author : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313059519
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Oil and Development in Venezuela during the 20th Century by : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo

Download or read book Oil and Development in Venezuela during the 20th Century written by Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-05-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book advances the theory that a potential leading export sector—in this case, the oil sector—is capable of inducing economic growth even in peripheral countries where the product line is primary in nature. In Venezuela the oil sector has contributed directly and indirectly to the development of the country's overall economy, particularly from 1936 to 1973, when that sector met the criteria of a leading sector, i.e., one that expands rapidly and obtains a large specific size relative to the economy as a whole. Oil investment in Venezuela contributed to the fiscal sector, the foreign sector, GDP, income, backward and forward linkages, the multiplier and accelerator effects, and the retained value of total expenditures. In spite of recent efforts to diversify the production and export mix, the Venezuelan economy continues to remain heavily dependent on oil production for export. During the midcentury decades of solid growth, it became evident that government oversight was needed to ensure that the numerous contributions flowing from the oil sector would be put to good use. Overall, it appears that the contributions were well utilized by the Venezuelan government, although there was plenty of room for improvement. Income distribution problems and other social inequities continued to beset the development process, leaving the economy rigid and inflexible. Consequently, when the oil sector faltered (1974 to 2000), Venezuela was unable to shift into other product lines. Political disarray soon followed, and with it a pervasive aura of economic uncertainty that persists to this day.

Venezuela Before Chávez

Author : Ricardo Hausmann
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271064641
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Venezuela Before Chávez by : Ricardo Hausmann

Download or read book Venezuela Before Chávez written by Ricardo Hausmann and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the twentieth century, Venezuela had one of the poorest economies in Latin America, but by 1970 it had become the richest country in the region and one of the twenty richest countries in the world, ahead of countries such as Greece, Israel, and Spain. Between 1978 and 2001, however, Venezuela’s economy went sharply in reverse, with non-oil GDP declining by almost 19 percent and oil GDP by an astonishing 65 percent. What accounts for this drastic turnabout? The editors of Venezuela Before Chávez, who each played a policymaking role in the country’s economy during the past two decades, have brought together a group of economists and political scientists to examine systematically the impact of a wide range of factors affecting the economy’s collapse, from the cost of labor regulation and the development of financial markets to the weakening of democratic governance and the politics of decisions about industrial policy. Aside from the editors, the contributors are Omar Bello, Adriana Bermúdez, Matías Braun, Javier Corrales, Jonathan Di John, Rafael Di Tella, Javier Donna, Samuel Freije, Dan Levy, Robert MacCulloch, Osmel Manzano, Francisco Monaldi, María Antonia Moreno, Daniel Ortega, Michael Penfold, José Pineda, Lant Pritchett, Cameron A. Shelton, and Dean Yang.

Oil and Development in Venezuela During the Twentieth Century

Author : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Oil and Development in Venezuela During the Twentieth Century by : Jorge Salazar-Carrillo

Download or read book Oil and Development in Venezuela During the Twentieth Century written by Jorge Salazar-Carrillo and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1994-05-30 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For review see: Juan Carlos Boué, in Journal of Latin American Studies, vol. 27, prt. 3 (October 1995); p. 739.

From Windfall to Curse?

Author : Jonathan Di John
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 0271076909
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis From Windfall to Curse? by : Jonathan Di John

Download or read book From Windfall to Curse? written by Jonathan Di John and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of abundant oil resources in the 1920s, Venezuela has had an economically privileged position among the nations of Latin America, which has led to its being treated by economic and political analysts as an exceptional case. In her well-known study of Venezuela’s political economy, The Paradox of Plenty (1997), Stanford political scientist Terry Karl argued that this oil wealth induced extraordinary corruption, rent-seeking, and centralized intervention that resulted in restricting productivity and growth. What this and other studies of Venezuela’s economy fail to explain, however, is how such conditions have accompanied both growth and stagnation at different periods of Venezuela’s history and why countries experiencing similar levels of corruption and rent-seeking produce divergent developmental outcomes. By investigating the record of economic development in Venezuela from 1920 to the present, Jonathan Di John shows that the key to explaining why the economy performed much better between 1920 and 1980 than in the post-1980 period is to understand how political strategies interacted with economic strategies—specifically, how politics determined state capacity at any given time and how the stage of development and development strategies affected the nature of political conflicts. In emphasizing the importance of an approach that looks at the political economy, not just at the economy alone, Di John advances the field methodologically while he contributes to a long-needed history of Venezuela’s economic performance in the twentieth century.

Venezuela

Author : Miguel Tinker Salas
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199790531
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Venezuela by : Miguel Tinker Salas

Download or read book Venezuela written by Miguel Tinker Salas and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the top ten oil exporters in the world and a founding member of OPEC, Venezuela currently supplies 11 percent of U.S. crude oil imports. But when the country elected the fiery populist politician Hugo Chavez in 1998, tensions rose with this key trading partner and relations have been strained ever since. In this concise, accessible addition to Oxford's What Everyone Needs to Know® series, Miguel Tinker Salas -- a native of Venezuela who has written extensively about the country -- takes a broadly chronological approach that focuses especially on oil and its effects on Venezuela's politics, economy, culture, and international relations. After an introductory section that discusses the legacy of Spanish colonialism, Tinker Salas explores the "The Era of the Gusher," a period which began with the discovery of oil in the early twentieth century, encompassed the mid-century development and nationalization of the industry, and ended with a change of government in 1989 in response to widespread protests. The third section provides a detailed discussion of Hugo Chavez-his rise to power, his domestic political and economic policies, and his high-profile forays into international relations-as well as surveying the current landscape of Venezuela in the wake of Chavez's death in March 2013. Arranged in a question-and-answer format that allows readers to search topics of particular interest, the book covers questions such as, who is Simón Bolívar and why is he called the George Washington of Latin America? How did the discovery of oil change Venezuela's relationship to the U.S.? What forces where behind the coups of 1992? And how does Venezuela interact with China, Russia, and Iran? Informative, engaging, and written by a leading expert on the country, Venezuela: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers an authoritative guide to an increasingly important player on the world stage. What Everyone Needs to Know® is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.

Crude Nation

Author : Raúl Gallegos
Publisher : Potomac Books
ISBN 13 : 1640122133
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Crude Nation by : Raúl Gallegos

Download or read book Crude Nation written by Raúl Gallegos and published by Potomac Books. This book was released on 2019-09-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beneath Venezuelan soil lies an ocean of crude—the world’s largest reserves—an oil patch that shaped the nature of the global energy business. Unfortunately, a dysfunctional anti-American, leftist government controls this vast resource and has used its wealth to foster voter support, ultimately wreaking economic havoc. Crude Nation reveals the ways in which this mismanagement has led to Venezuela’s economic ruin and turned the country into a cautionary tale for the world. Raúl Gallegos, a former Caracas-based oil correspondent, paints a picture both vivid and analytical of the country’s economic decline, the government’s foolhardy economic policies, and the wrecked lives of Venezuelans. Without transparency, the Venezuelan government uses oil money to subsidize life for its citizens in myriad unsustainable ways, while regulating nearly every aspect of day-to-day existence in Venezuela. This has created a paradox in which citizens can fill up the tanks of their SUVs for less than one American dollar while simultaneously enduring nationwide shortages of staples such as milk, sugar, and toilet paper. Gallegos’s insightful analysis shows how mismanagement has ruined Venezuela again and again over the past century and lays out how Venezuelans can begin to fix their country, a nation that can play an important role in the global energy industry. This paperback edition features a new introduction by the author.

Barrio Rising

Author : Prof. Alejandro Velasco
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520959183
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Barrio Rising by : Prof. Alejandro Velasco

Download or read book Barrio Rising written by Prof. Alejandro Velasco and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in the late 1950s political leaders in Venezuela built what they celebrated as Latin America’s most stable democracy. But outside the staid halls of power, in the gritty barrios of a rapidly urbanizing country, another politics was rising—unruly, contentious, and clamoring for inclusion. Based on years of archival and ethnographic research in Venezuela’s largest public housing community, Barrio Rising delivers the first in-depth history of urban popular politics before the Bolivarian Revolution, providing crucial context for understanding the democracy that emerged during the presidency of Hugo Chávez. In the mid-1950s, a military government bent on modernizing Venezuela razed dozens of slums in the heart of the capital Caracas, replacing them with massive buildings to house the city’s working poor. The project remained unfinished when the dictatorship fell on January 23, 1958, and in a matter of days city residents illegally occupied thousands of apartments, squatted on green spaces, and renamed the neighborhood to honor the emerging democracy: the 23 de Enero (January 23). During the next thirty years, through eviction efforts, guerrilla conflict, state violence, internal strife, and official neglect, inhabitants of el veintitrés learned to use their strategic location and symbolic tie to the promise of democracy in order to demand a better life. Granting legitimacy to the state through the vote but protesting its failings with violent street actions when necessary, they laid the foundation for an expansive understanding of democracy—both radical and electoral—whose features still resonate today. Blending rich narrative accounts with incisive analyses of urban space, politics, and everyday life, Barrio Rising offers a sweeping reinterpretation of modern Venezuelan history as seen not by its leaders but by residents of one of the country’s most distinctive popular neighborhoods.

The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century

Author : Giuliano Garavini
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198832834
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century by : Giuliano Garavini

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century written by Giuliano Garavini and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive history of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and of its members, this study takes the reader from the formation of the first petrostate in the world, Venezuela, in the late 1920s, to the global ascent of petrostates and OPEC during the 1970s, to their crisis in the late-1980s and early- 1990s.

The Politics of Oil in Venezuela

Author : Franklin Tugwell
Publisher : Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804708814
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Oil in Venezuela by : Franklin Tugwell

Download or read book The Politics of Oil in Venezuela written by Franklin Tugwell and published by Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1975 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Progress, Poverty and Exclusion

Author : Rosemary Thorp
Publisher : IDB
ISBN 13 : 9781886938359
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (383 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress, Poverty and Exclusion by : Rosemary Thorp

Download or read book Progress, Poverty and Exclusion written by Rosemary Thorp and published by IDB. This book was released on 1998 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive Statistical Appendix provides regional and country-by-country data in such areas as GDP, manufacturing, sector productivity, prices, trade, income distribution and living standards."--BOOK JACKET.

The History of Venezuela

Author : H. Micheal Tarver
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440857741
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis The History of Venezuela by : H. Micheal Tarver

Download or read book The History of Venezuela written by H. Micheal Tarver and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable resource for readers interested in Venezuelan history, this book analyzes Venezuela's economic crisis through the context of its political and social history. For decades, the economy of Venezuela has depended on petroleum. As a consequence of a reduction in the price of oil, Venezuela recently experienced an economic downturn resulting in rampant social spending, administrative corruption, and external economic forces that collectively led credit-rating agencies to declare in November 2017 that Venezuela was in default on its debt payments. How did this Latin American nation come to this point? The History of Venezuela explores Venezuela's history from its earliest times to the present day, demonstrating both the richness of Venezuela and its people and the complexity of its political, social, and economic problems. As with all titles in The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations series, this chronological narrative examines political, economic, cultural, philosophical, and religious continuities in Venezuela's long and rich history, providing readers with a concise yet up-to-date study of the nation. The volume highlights the country's wide variety of cultures, languages, political ideologies, and historical figures and landmarks through maps, photographs, biographies, a timeline, and a bibliographical essay with suggestions for further reading.

Colonialism and Postcolonial Development

Author : James Mahoney
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139483889
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonialism and Postcolonial Development by : James Mahoney

Download or read book Colonialism and Postcolonial Development written by James Mahoney and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comparative-historical analysis of Spanish America, Mahoney offers a new theory of colonialism and postcolonial development. He explores why certain kinds of societies are subject to certain kinds of colonialism and why these forms of colonialism give rise to countries with differing levels of economic prosperity and social well-being. Mahoney contends that differences in the extent of colonialism are best explained by the potentially evolving fit between the institutions of the colonizing nation and those of the colonized society. Moreover, he shows how institutions forged under colonialism bring countries to relative levels of development that may prove remarkably enduring in the postcolonial period. The argument is sure to stir discussion and debate, both among experts on Spanish America who believe that development is not tightly bound by the colonial past, and among scholars of colonialism who suggest that the institutional identity of the colonizing nation is of little consequence.

The United States and Venezuela during the First World War

Author : H. Micheal Tarver
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498511104
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis The United States and Venezuela during the First World War by : H. Micheal Tarver

Download or read book The United States and Venezuela during the First World War written by H. Micheal Tarver and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-08-19 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the diplomatic relations between the United States and Venezuela during a pivotal time in world history. Through the utilization of archival materials and newspaper accounts, the author highlights the words of the major participants to demonstrate how the two nations worked together – sometimes hand-in-hand, sometimes face-to-face – to prevent the European War from spreading to the Western Hemisphere. Despite several efforts to develop hemispheric unity during the War, Venezuelan leaders perceived the policy of neutrality to be in the best interest of the country's national sovereignty. This book explores the personalities of the chief executives and selected diplomats to illustrate how both personnel and personalities molded their nation’s foreign relations. In the end, while perceived as two very different individuals who pursued different paths during the global conflict, the leadership styles of President Woodrow Wilson and General Juan Vicente Gómez were more alike than they realized. The overall cordial relations between the two nations during the period under review helped establish the foundation for the petroleum bonanza that United States companies would enjoy in the following years.

The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics

Author : Kathleen J. Hancock
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0190861363
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics by : Kathleen J. Hancock

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics written by Kathleen J. Hancock and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In many ways, everything we once knew about energy resources and technologies has been impacted by: the longstanding scientific consensus on climate change and related support for renewable energy; the affordability of extraction of unconventional fuels; increasing demand for energy resources by middle- and low-income nations; new regional and global stakeholders; fossil fuel discoveries and emerging renewable technologies; awareness of (trans)local politics; and rising interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the need for energy justice. Research on these and related topics now appears frequently in social science academic journals-in broad-based journals, such as International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and Review of International Political Economy, as well as those focused specifically on energy (e.g., Energy Research & Social Science and Energy Policy), the environment (Global Environmental Politics), natural resources (Resources Policy), and extractive industries (Extractive Industries and Society). The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics synthesizes and aggregates this substantively diverse literature to provide insights into, and a foundation for teaching and research on, critical energy issues primarily in the areas of international relations and comparative politics. Its primary goals are to further develop the energy politics scholarship and community, and generate sophisticated new work that will benefit a variety of scholars working on energy issues"--

My First Life

Author : Hugo Chavez
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1784783862
Total Pages : 606 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis My First Life by : Hugo Chavez

Download or read book My First Life written by Hugo Chavez and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hugo Chávez’s extraordinary story—in his own words Hugo Chávez, military officer turned left-wing revolutionary, was one of the most important Latin American leaders of the twenty-first century. This book tells the story of his life up to his election as president in 1998. Throughout this riveting and historically important account of his early years, Chávez’s energy and charisma shine through. As a young man, he awakens gradually to the reality of his country—where huge inequalities persist and the majority of citizens live in indescribable poverty—and decides to act. He gives a fascinating description of growing up in Barinas, his years in the Military Academy, his long-planned military conspiracy—the most significant in the history of Venezuela and perhaps of Latin America—which led to his unsuccessful coup attempt of 1992, and eventually to his popular electoral victory in 1998. His collaborator on this book is Ignacio Ramonet, the famous French journalist (and editor for many years of Le Monde diplomatique), who undertook a similar task with Fidel Castro (Fidel Castro: My Life).

Extraordinary Threat

Author : Justin Podur
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1583679189
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (836 download)

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Book Synopsis Extraordinary Threat by : Justin Podur

Download or read book Extraordinary Threat written by Justin Podur and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US foreign policy decisions behind six coup attempts against the Venezuelan government – and Venezuela's heightening precarity In March 2015, President Obama initiated sanctions against Venezuela, declaring a “national emergency with respect to the unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States posed by the situation in Venezuela.” Each year, the US administration has repeated this claim. But, as Joe Emersberger and Justin Podur argue in their timely book, Extraordinary Threat, the opposite is true: It is the US policy of regime change in Venezuela that constitutes an “extraordinary threat” to Venezuelans. Tens of thousands of Venezuelans continue to die because of these ever-tightening US sanctions, denying people daily food, medicine, and fuel. On top of this, Venezuela has, since 2002, been subjected to repeated coup attempts by US-backed forces. In Extraordinary Threat, Emersberger and Podur tell the story of six coup attempts against Venezuela. This book deflates the myths propagated about the Venezuelan government’s purported lack of electoral legitimacy, scant human rights, and disastrous economic development record. Contrary to accounts lobbed by the corporate media, the real target of sustained U.S. assault on Venezuela is not the country’s claimed authoritarianism or its supposed corruption. It is Chavismo, the prospect that twenty-first century socialism could be brought about through electoral and constitutional means. This is what the US empire must not allow to succeed.