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Observations Of Tropical Cirrus By Elastic Backscatter Lidars And The Development Of A Cloud And Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm For Raman Lidars
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Book Synopsis Observations of Tropical Cirrus by Elastic Backscatter Lidars and the Development of a Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm for Raman Lidars by : Tyler J. Thorsen
Download or read book Observations of Tropical Cirrus by Elastic Backscatter Lidars and the Development of a Cloud and Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm for Raman Lidars written by Tyler J. Thorsen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cirrus cloud properties from elastic backscatter lidars--- namely the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's ground-based micropulse lidars (MPL) and the spaceborne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) lidar--- are examined. The MPL detects significantly less cirrus clouds relative to CALIPSO, particularly during the daytime. However, the MPL samples enough cirrus at night to provide similar statistics of macrophysical and optical properties as CALIPSO. Both sets of lidar observations are supplemented with cloud radar observations to calculate radiative heating rate profiles from a ground-based and spaceborne perspective. The inferred radiative effect of clouds is much smaller when using the ground-based data, mostly due to the lack of cirrus detected by the MPL. The relatively new and more advance ARM Raman lidar (RL) is shown to be more sensitive to cirrus than the ARM MPL and detects a similar amount of cirrus as CALIPSO. Daytime measurements using the RL elastic channel are relatively unaffected by the solar background and are therefore suited for checking the observed diurnal cycles from the MPL and CALIPSO. Comparisons with RL observations show that the geometrical thickness of cirrus from the MPL and CALIPSO datasets are biased thin during the daytime due to increased noise. Various upgrades since its conception have made the ARM RL a viable tool for cloud studies as demonstrated by this thesis. Since the ARM RL was not originally designed for cloud observations, the current automated processing algorithms do not identify all clouds nor attempt to retrieve cloud extinction profiles. Therefore an improved Feature detection and EXtinction retrieval (FEX) algorithm is developed. The approach of FEX is to use multiple quantities to identify features (clouds and aerosols) using range-dependent context-sensitive detection thresholds. The use of multiple quantities provides complementary depictions of cloud and aerosol locations. The extinction profiles are directly retrieved using the Raman method, which are supplemented by other retrieval methods developed for elastic backscatter lidars. A classification of feature type is made guided by the atmosphere's thermodynamic state and the feature's scattering properties. The contribution of multiple scattering, which is significant for hydrometeors, is explicitly considered for each of the ARM RL channels. The FEX framework is also suitable for other advance lidars, i.e. high spectral resolution lidars (HSRL). The continuously operated, automated ARM RLs paired with FEX provide an enormous wealth of water vapor, temperature, aerosol and cloud data unmatched by other remote sensing systems.
Book Synopsis Lidar Observations of Natural and Volcanic-ash-induced Cirrus Clouds by : Christian Rolf
Download or read book Lidar Observations of Natural and Volcanic-ash-induced Cirrus Clouds written by Christian Rolf and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar by :
Download or read book Independent measurement of extinction and backscatter profiles in cirrus clouds by using a combined Raman elastic-backscatter lidar written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Arrêtés et remontrances du parlement de Bordeaux au roi, sur ce qui a suivi la réclamation de cette compagnie contre les lettres patentes accordées en 1752, au bureau des finances. (21 juillet 1756.). by :
Download or read book Arrêtés et remontrances du parlement de Bordeaux au roi, sur ce qui a suivi la réclamation de cette compagnie contre les lettres patentes accordées en 1752, au bureau des finances. (21 juillet 1756.). written by and published by . This book was released on 1756 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 940 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation on Cirrus Clouds by the Cloud-aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Data by : Jiang Zhu
Download or read book Investigation on Cirrus Clouds by the Cloud-aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Data written by Jiang Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and describing the role of clouds in the climate system need intensive and extensive research on cloud properties. The albedo and greenhouse effects of clouds and their relations with the physical properties of clouds are analyzed. Cloud-top height and ice water content are key factors in impacting the longwave and shortwave radiation, respectively. Lidar and infrared radiometer measurement technologies are introduced. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level I Lidar profile, level 2 cloud layer, and level 2 Lidar/IIR track products are briefly reviewed. The algorithms for identification of cirrus clouds, Linear Depolarization Ratio (LDR), and effective diameter are presented. An average LDR profile is calculated by using the sum of total attenuated backscattering profiles and the sum of perpendicular attenuated backscattering profiles. A weight-average method is applied to calculate the average LDR. A split-window method is applied to estimate the effective diameters of clouds. A set of bulk ice crystal models and a radiative transfer model are applied to produce a look-up table that includes the radiative transfer simulation results. The macro-physical properties of cirrus clouds are analyzed. The frequency of occurrence of cirrus clouds varies with latitude, and strongly relates to the atmospheric circulation. Cirrus clouds are few in high-pressure zones and abundant where seasonal monsoonal circulation occurs. Cloud-top height decreases with increasing latitude. Cloud-top temperature is lower in the tropical regions than in the midlatutude and the polar regions. The measured cloud thickness shows a great diurnal variation. CALIPSO lidar detects more cirrus clouds than satellite-based passive measurement. LDR values of cirrus clouds vary with latitude and location, and are higher during nighttime than during daytime. The 0.32 and 0.37 annual average LDRs derived by nadir and off-nadir measurements, respectively, indicate that substantial amounts of horizontal orientated ice crystals exist in cirrus clouds. The global distribution of effective diameter of cirrus clouds varies with latitude and season, and the effective diameter has relationship with the LDR.
Download or read book Cirrus written by David K. Lynch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-01-24 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cirrus clouds are high, thin, tropospheric clouds composed predominately of ice. In the last ten years, considerable work has shown that cirrus is widespread--more common than previously believed--and has a significant impact on climate and global change. As the next generation weather satellites are being designed, the impact of cirrus on remote sensing and the global energy budget must be recognized and accommodated. This book, the first to be devoted entirely to cirrus clouds, captures the state of knowledge of cirrus and serves as a practical handbook as well. Each chapter is based on an invited review talk presented at Cirrus, a meeting hosted by the Optical Society of America and co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union and the American Meteorological Society. All aspects of cirrus clouds are covered, an approach that reaches into diverse fields. Topics include: the definition of cirrus, cirrus climatologies, nucleation, evolution and dissipation, mixed-phase thermodynamics, crystallinity, orientation mechanisms, dynamics, scattering, radiative transfer, in situ sampling, processes that produce or influence cirrus (and vice versa), contrails, and the influence of cirrus on climate.
Download or read book Lidar written by Claus Weitkamp and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2006-06-03 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading experts in optical radar, or lidar, this book brings all the recent practices up-to-date. With a Foreword by one of the founding fathers in the area. Its broad cross-disciplinary scope should appeal to scientists ranging from the view of optical sciences to environmental engineers. Optical remote sensing has matured to become a lead method for cross-disciplinary research. This new multi-authored book reviews the state-of-the-art in a readable monograph.
Book Synopsis Lidar Observations of Debris Clouds from Nuclearcratering Detonations by : Ronald Thomas H. Collis
Download or read book Lidar Observations of Debris Clouds from Nuclearcratering Detonations written by Ronald Thomas H. Collis and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Remote Sensing by : Raymond M. Measures
Download or read book Laser Remote Sensing written by Raymond M. Measures and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1984 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a concise, self-contained monograph on laser remote sensing and its applications. Discusses the ways in which lasers can be used to remotely measure the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Provides an historical perspective and reviews the basic physics needed.
Book Synopsis Refinement of CALIPSO Aerosol Retrieval Models Through Analysis of Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data by : Christopher McPherson
Download or read book Refinement of CALIPSO Aerosol Retrieval Models Through Analysis of Airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar Data written by Christopher McPherson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deepening of scientific understanding of atmospheric aerosols figures substantially into stated goals for climate change research and a variety of internationally collaborative earth observation missions. One such mission is the joint NASA/Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES) Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, whose primary instrument is the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), a spaceborne two-wavelength, elastic-scatter lidar, which has been making continuous, global observations of atmospheric aerosols and clouds since June of 2006, shortly after its launch in April of the same year. The work presented in this dissertation consists of the development of an aerosol retrieval strategy to improve aerosol retrievals from lidar data from the CALIPSO mission, as well as a comprehensive formulation of accompanying aerosol models based on a thorough analysis of data from an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) instrument. The retrieval methodology, known as the Constrained Ratio Aerosol Model-fit (CRAM) technique, is a means of exploiting the available dual-wavelength information from CALIOP to constrain the possible solutions to the problem of aerosol retrieval from elastic-scatter lidar so as to be consistent with theoretically or empirically known aerosol models. Constraints applied via CRAM are manifested in spectral ratios of scattering parameters corresponding to observationally-based aerosol models. Consequently, accurate and representative models incorporating various spectral scattering parameters are instrumental to the successful implementation of a methodology like CRAM. The aerosol models arising from this work are derived from measurements made by the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne HSRL instrument, which has the capability to measure both aerosol scattering parameters (i.e., backscatter and extinction) independently at 532 nm. The instrument also incorporates an elastic-scatter channel at 1064 nm, facilitating the incorporation of dual-wavelength information by way of particular constraints. The intent in developing these new models is to furnish as satisfactory a basis as possible for retrieval techniques such as CRAM, whose approach to the problem of aerosol retrieval attempts to make optimal use of the available spectral information from multi-wavelength lidar, thus providing a framework for improving aerosol retrievals from CALIPSO and furthering the scientific goals related to atmospheric aerosols.
Book Synopsis Measurement of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties by High Spectral Resolution Lidar by : Christian John Grund
Download or read book Measurement of Cirrus Cloud Optical Properties by High Spectral Resolution Lidar written by Christian John Grund and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space by : John P. Burrows
Download or read book The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space written by John P. Burrows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Book Synopsis A Study of Tropical Cirrus by : Yuying Zhang
Download or read book A Study of Tropical Cirrus written by Yuying Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cirrus Clouds from Ground-based Remote Sensing Using the Synergy of Lidar and Multi-spectral Infrared Radiometry by : Friederike Hemmer
Download or read book Characterization of Cirrus Clouds from Ground-based Remote Sensing Using the Synergy of Lidar and Multi-spectral Infrared Radiometry written by Friederike Hemmer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a broad consensus that cirrus clouds strongly influence the climate of the Earth. However, their net radiative effect is still poorly quantified nowadays due to an insufficient knowledge of their microphysical properties. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of the complex microphysics of this cloud type mainly composed of irregularly shaped ice crystals and thereby improve estimates of the ice water content (IWC). For this purpose, we developed an algorithm to retrieve vertical profiles of the IWC of cirrus clouds. The methodology combines the measurements of a ground-based lidar and a thermal infrared (TIR) radiometer in a common optimal estimation framework. It follows three steps: (1) An algorithm to retrieve the vertically integrated amount of ice (ice water path, IWP) from the passive TIR measurements is established. (2) The information about the vertical distribution of the IWC inside the cloud is obtained from the active lidar measurements. These retrievals strongly depend on the backscatter-to-extinction ratio of the ice crystals which is obtained from a bulk ice microphysical model. The scattering phase function of this model used to define the backscatter-to-extinction ratio assumes a flat ending without backscattering peak. We show that this assumption is unrealistic since it results in the retrieval of IWC profiles which are inconsistent with the TIR measurements. (3) Consequently, both types of measurements are combined in a synergistic algorithm allowing to estimate together with the IWC profiles a correction factor for the phase function in backscattering direction. Finally, the retrieval results and associated hypotheses are discussed.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Physics by : Ulrich Schumann
Download or read book Atmospheric Physics written by Ulrich Schumann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), this book presents more than 50 chapters highlighting results of the institute’s research. The book provides an up-to-date, in-depth survey across the entire field of atmospheric science, including atmospheric dynamics, radiation, cloud physics, chemistry, climate, numerical simulation, remote sensing, instruments and measurements, as well as atmospheric acoustics. The authors have provided a readily comprehensible and self-contained presentation of the complex field of atmospheric science. The topics are of direct relevance for aerospace science and technology. Future research challenges are identified.
Book Synopsis UMBC Elastic Backscatter Lidar Facility (ELF) by : Joseph Paul Comer
Download or read book UMBC Elastic Backscatter Lidar Facility (ELF) written by Joseph Paul Comer and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
