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Nutrient Budgets Marsh Inundation Under Sea Level Rise Scenarios And Sediment Chronologies For The Bass Harbor Marsh Estuary At Acadia National Park
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Book Synopsis Nutrient Budgets, Marsh Inundation Under Sea-level Rise Scenarios, and Sediment Chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh Estuary at Acadia National Park by : Thomas Gordon Huntington
Download or read book Nutrient Budgets, Marsh Inundation Under Sea-level Rise Scenarios, and Sediment Chronologies for the Bass Harbor Marsh Estuary at Acadia National Park written by Thomas Gordon Huntington and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ambient and Potential Denitrification Rates in Marsh Soils of Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh Watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine by : U.S. Department of the Interior
Download or read book Ambient and Potential Denitrification Rates in Marsh Soils of Northeast Creek and Bass Harbor Marsh Watersheds, Mount Desert Island, Maine written by U.S. Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient enrichment from atmospheric deposition, agricultural activities, wildlife, and domestic sources is a concern at Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, Maine, because of the potential problems of degradation of water quality and eutrophication in estuaries. Degradation of water quality has been observed at Bass Harbor Marsh estuary in the park but only minimally in Northeast Creek estuary. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have estimated nutrient inputs to estuaries from atmospheric deposition and surface-water runoff, and have identified shallow groundwater as an additional potential source of nutrients. Previous studies at Acadia National Park have assumed that a certain fraction of the nitrogen input was removed through microbial denitrification, but rates of denitrification (natural or maximum potential) in marsh soils have not been determined. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Acadia National Park, measured in-place (in-situ) denitrification rates in marsh soils in Northeast Creek and in Bass Harbor Marsh watersheds during summer 2008 and summer 2009. Denitrification was measured under ambient conditions as well as after additions of inorganic nitrogen and glucose.
Book Synopsis Estimates of Future Inundation of Salt Marshes in Response to Sea-level Rise in and Around Acadia National Park, Maine by : Martha G. Nielsen
Download or read book Estimates of Future Inundation of Salt Marshes in Response to Sea-level Rise in and Around Acadia National Park, Maine written by Martha G. Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Ecology of New England High Salt Marshes by : Scott W. Nixon
Download or read book The Ecology of New England High Salt Marshes written by Scott W. Nixon and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Wetland Extent and Distribution by : Molly Mitchell
Download or read book Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Tidal Wetland Extent and Distribution written by Molly Mitchell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal marshes are a major ecological resource in Virginia and a driver of many estuarine functions. Therefore, the long term sustainability of tidal marsh ecosystems is a question of great interest in the research community. Sea level is rising at an unusually high rate in the Chesapeake Bay relative to most of the Atlantic coastline, putting Bay marshes at high risk from drowning and erosion. Sea level rise-driven salinity changes communities and alters ecosystem services. Understanding the patterns of change and the importance of different drivers of change is critical to tidal marsh sustainability. The overarching goal of this research is to examine how changes in natural and anthropogenic factors interact to affect tidal wetland distribution, extent and plant composition with the intent of promoting coastal resiliency to sea level rise impacts through informed coastal management. I quantified changes in marsh extent over the past 40 years and related changes in marsh extent to sea level rise and other drivers of change. Then I examined shifts in plant community composition throughout the Chesapeake Bay, VA, looking for signals of increased inundation and salinity. In small headwater systems, I explored the utility of these changes in plant composition for predicting soil sulfur content (an early signal of salinity intrusion). These changes in marshes from the past 40 years were used to elucidate results from an elevation-based model of future marsh persistence under accelerating sea level rise. Several lessons emerged from this dissertation: 1. Analyses of changes in tidal marsh extent and plant communities are complementary, clarifying vulnerabilities and prognosis under future conditions. 2. Human shoreline use (e.g., development, shoreline hardening, boating activity) can dominate physical processes to alter the marsh response to sea level rise. 3. Defining sediment availability for a given marsh may not be sufficient to determine its potential for expansion or persistence under sea level rise. 5. Marsh plant communities can be an early signal of change, showing shifts in inundation frequency before there is any change in marsh extent. 6. Tidal marshes will continue to decline over the next 100 years. However, most of the loss will be in low salinity, riverine marshes. Some high salinity, Bayfront marshes will expand if the land they need to migrate is preserved. 7. Tidal marsh response to sea level rise has, and will continue to, vary by marsh form, geologic setting, location in the estuary, and surrounding land use decisions. 9. Targeted land use decisions coupled with active restoration may help minimize future marsh loss.
Book Synopsis Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Flux in Chesapeake Bay Marshes by : Donald M. Axelrad
Download or read book Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Carbon Flux in Chesapeake Bay Marshes written by Donald M. Axelrad and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon budgets for two Virginia salt marshes were determined by monthly measurements of water discharge and constituent concentrations over tidal cycles. Considering all three forms of phosphorus measured (total, dissolved organic and orthophosphate) there was a net loss from the estuary to the marches. The data reveal a loss of particulate phosphorus of estuarine origin to marsh sediments and mineralization of this phosphorus in the marshes with subsequent export of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus back to the estuary. Nitrogen flux data show a loss of nitrate and nitrite to the marshes. Particulate nitrogen is imported to the marshes where it is mineralized and returned to the estuary as ammonia and dissolved organic nitrogen. The magnitude of nitrogen export suggests significant fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by marsh flora with subsequent export as dissolved species. Carbon flux data show significant contributions of both particulate and dissolved organic carbon to the estuary from the marshes. Estimates of export, based on marsh grass productivity, suggest a loss of 36 and 49 percent of a year's primary production on the marshes as detritus for Ware and Carter Creeks respectively.
Book Synopsis Marsh Sediment Accumulation and Accretion on a Rapidly Retreating Estuarine Coast by : Conor McDowell
Download or read book Marsh Sediment Accumulation and Accretion on a Rapidly Retreating Estuarine Coast written by Conor McDowell and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge in coastal Delaware protects one of the most expansive salt marsh systems on the U.S. Mid-Atlantic seaboard. In recent decades, the Refuge has experienced a substantial decrease in salt marsh area along the Delaware Bay boundary by shoreface erosion and in the marsh interior by inland pool expansion. Although the origin of the pools is unknown, it has been suggested that the supply of allochthonous mineral sediment from tidal waterways to the marsh platform may be a contributing factor. To investigate whether vertical accretion of Refuge marshland is limited by sediment accumulation, a study was conducted to measure rates of mineral sediment and organic matter accumulation (mass/area/time) and accretion (length/time) using 137Cs and 210Pb chronologies developed for 19 marsh sites throughout the Refuge. To establish patterns and rates of recent historical marsh loss, an analysis of historical aerial photographs was undertaken. ☐ Results indicate that Bombay Hook NWR has lost a total of ~8.6 million m2 of marsh area since 1961. This loss was mostly caused by the formation of inland pools (~50% of area lost) and shoreface erosion along the Delaware Bay boundary (~35%), with a smaller contribution by waterway channel widening (~15%). Shoreface erosion was most prevalent in the southern half of the Refuge with some locations experiencing up to ~12 m/yr of retreat since 1961, while the northern section experienced far less retreat at 0.6 m/yr. The formation and expansion of inland pools were mostly concentrated in the northern half of the Refuge, adjacent to three freshwater impoundments constructed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in the late 1930s. ☐ Salt marsh accretion and mass accumulation rates measured for this study fall within the middle to upper range of similarly determined rates for undisturbed marshes of the Delaware Estuary, and rates based on 137Cs and 210Pb methods were largely in agreement. Accretion rates (137Cs) for low marsh sites averaged 0.65 cm/yr and were significantly higher than rates at high marsh sites, which averaged 0.42 cm/yr. Combined mineral and organic mass accumulation rates (137Cs) exhibited a similar difference between low and high marsh sites, averaging 0.31 g/cm2/yr and 0.13 g/cm2/yr, respectively. Mineral and organic mass accumulation rates correlated strongly with rates of accretion (R2= .85 and .79 respectively), revealing that both mineral sediment and organic matter drive marsh accretion at the Refuge, and that belowground biomass accumulation and aboveground mineral sediment deposition set the minimum and maximum rates of accretion, respectively. ☐ Marsh accretion rates measured in this study met or exceeded the rate of recent relative sea-level rise for the middle Delaware Estuary, based on the NOAA tide gauge record for Reedy Point (0.35 ± 0.05 mm/yr, 1956-2015). This result, in combination with the high rates of mineral accumulation measured throughout the Refuge, makes clear that there is not a marsh accretionary deficit related to insufficient mineral sediment. Moreover, the marsh soil record provides no evidence that the formation and expansion of marsh pools since the 1960s is related to low rates of marsh accretion or sediment supply. Additional research on historical changes in tidal inundation, marsh accretion, and elevation change is needed to better understand the nature of pool expansion and marsh loss at the Refuge.
Book Synopsis Shifting Shores by : San Francisco Estuary Institute
Download or read book Shifting Shores written by San Francisco Estuary Institute and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As sea level rise accelerates, our shores are increasingly vulnerable to erosion. This study is the first systematic analysis of the rates of marsh retreat (erosion) or expansion (progradation) over time for San Francisco Bay. Key findings include: 60% of the marshes in San Pablo Bay have been expanding over the past two decades (1-4 m/yr) 6% are retreating Some areas have been expanding for over 150 years Shore change is a potential indicator of resilience Tidal marshes are generally backed by steep levees and lack transition zone. There are few opportunities for landward migration; so marshes will tend to evolve through shoreline change or by vertical accretion. Some marshes appear to be retreating, due to their vertical scarped edges, but are in fact found to be expanding bayward. This new information can provide the foundation for understanding drivers of shore change, such as wave energy, watershed sediment supply"
Book Synopsis Sediment Accretion Rates and Metal Contamination of the Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve in Mission Bay, CA by :
Download or read book Sediment Accretion Rates and Metal Contamination of the Kendall-Frost Marsh Reserve in Mission Bay, CA written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kendall-Frost marsh reserve located on the Northern edge of Mission Bay in San Diego, CA once spanned over 2,000 acres along the coast of the bay. The area underwent heavy dredging and construction starting in the 1940s that removed nearly all the natural marshes. Today, only a small 40-acre plot remains. Rising global temperatures are causing thermal expansion of the oceans and melting of land based ice. This unprecedented warming is causing sea levels to rise at an increasing rate. The current rate of global sea level rise is 3.4mm/year. The overall projected sea level rise by 2100 is estimate to be between 0.5-2m. This increased rate threatens to outpace sediment accretion of coastal wetlands which will cause major alterations to the salt marshes, including the Kendall-Frost marsh reserve. Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) is a useful tool for simulating the effects of rising sea levels on salt marshes, but its use relies heavily on accurate accretion data. This study was aimed at determining accurate rates of accretion for the Kendall-Frost marsh reserve using a relatively simple and inexpensive method. Sample cores of the marsh were taken using a hand-corer 1m in length. Cores were sectioned into 1cm lengths and were analyzed for stable lead (Pb207) content using an ICP-MS. A peak was identified which correlated to the ban of tetraethyl lead (TEL) in gasoline which corresponded to 1973. From this peak in lead levels, sediment chronologies were then developed and used to determine accretion rates for the marsh. Peaks were identified at depths which correlated to an average accretion rate of 4.17mm/year since 1973. This accretion rate is slightly lower than the accretion rate used by most studies of the area. This lower accretion rate, when used for SLAMM modeling of wetland alteration for Mission Bay, indicates that loss of the Kendall-Frost saltmarsh under future sea level rise scenarios will be greater than previously modeled.
Book Synopsis Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh by : Ellie Jo Wenger
Download or read book Decomposer Community Response to Sea Level Rise in a California Salt Marsh written by Ellie Jo Wenger and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Salt marshes are highly productive ecosystems which perform many valuable services including carbon sequestration, nutrient transformation, and mitigation of rough waters generated by storms. Coastal salt marshes currently face threats resulting from global climate change, including sea level rise (SLR). Coastal marshes have kept pace with historical SLR through elevation gain via sediment precipitation from tidal waters. In the coming century, sea level is expected to increase 5x-8x faster than the previous century. Since the rate of sedimentation is unlikely to increase with SLR, marshes are in danger of habitat loss via drowning and subsidence. The decomposing organisms in salt marsh sediments are essential to maintaining marsh plant health. The response of decomposing organisms to longer periods of inundation is unclear. To determine how the prokaryote and invertebrate communities may change in response to SLR, mesocosms were designed, which simulated different inundation intensities within the marsh. A gradient developed over the 10-month sampling period in which the most inundated sediments had significantly different communities than the driest sediments. The high inundation treatments were dominated by anaerobic prokaryotes and insect larvae, and sulfate reduction was the predominant decomposition processes. The ambient mesocosms (driest sediments) were dominated by aerobic prokaryotes and oligochaete worms. Aerobic processes such as leaf litter decay became the key decomposition processes in these sediments.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Tidal Variance and Marsh Productivity in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida by : Amanda Tritinger
Download or read book Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Tidal Variance and Marsh Productivity in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Florida written by Amanda Tritinger and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long term sustainability in salt marsh and mangroves is dependent on dominant species, such as Spartina alterniflora, to capture organic and inorganic sediment. The research analyzes that sustainability. This work demonstrates the prediction of hydrodynamics and biomass density of salt marsh to provide useful information for the planning and mitigation of sea-level rise impacts on marsh sustainability in the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTMNERR), Florida. An advanced circulation code was applied to simulate hydrodynamics (i.e., shallow water equations) in the GTMNERR. The model used a set of parameters and conditions based on the GTMNERR domain to predict tides for present-day conditions, which was validated using tidal data from eight monitoring stations within the GTMNERR. The hydrodynamic model results (i.e., MLW and MHW) were then coupled with a marsh equilibrium model to assess year-to-year biomass density for saltmarsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Vegetative data were obtained from the staff of the GTMNERR and organized for future work towards validation of biomass density predictions. Simulations were then performed with sea-level rise scenarios of 0.13 m, 0.22 m and 0.51 m, which are standardized cases of mild, moderate, and extreme rise for the northeast coast of Florida. The simulation results show nonlinear increase of tidal datums for given sea-level rise, thus leading to nonlinear change in biomass productivity. The modeling tool has engineering implications in the way of assisting the planning of dredging spoils to be laid over the marsh to sustain existing marsh against rising sea levels. The modeling tool further provides information about marsh migration due to sea-level rise, whereby coastal planners can use this information to designate and preserve existing uplands/wetlands that will house salt marsh in the future, as the marshes will migrate into such upland/wetlands areas.
Book Synopsis Marsh Resiliency Strategies in the Face of Sea-level Rise by : Alexander Caldicott
Download or read book Marsh Resiliency Strategies in the Face of Sea-level Rise written by Alexander Caldicott and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands are naturally resilient to changing sea levels; however, as rates of sea-level rise increase, the interaction between changing sea-level and ongoing human impacts will be a major driver in future coastal tidal marsh stability. My goal is to provide decision makers with recommendations to increase the resilience of the Fraser River delta front tidal marsh communities over the twenty-first century. I conducted a literature review to (1) examine the current knowledge base regarding effects of sea-level rise on tidal marshes and (2) identify current ecosystem-based adaptation strategies for increasing tidal marsh resilience to sea-level rise. Based on this review, recommendations are made for strategies that could be used to increase tidal marsh resilience in the Fraser River delta. Recommendations include (1) initiating delta-wide marsh accretion modeling to assess tidal marsh vulnerability under possible sea-level rise scenarios and (2) implementing sediment augmentation pilot projects for both direct (e.g., layered sediment lifts) and indirect (e.g., mud motor) sediment augmentation strategies to test ecosystem based adaptive management strategies as part of an adaptive management framework.
Book Synopsis Landscape-scale Conservation Planning by : Stephen C. Trombulak
Download or read book Landscape-scale Conservation Planning written by Stephen C. Trombulak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-21 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hugh P. Possingham Landscape-scale conservation planning is coming of age. In the last couple of decades, conservation practitioners, working at all levels of governance and all spatial scales, have embraced the CARE principles of conservation planning – Comprehensiveness, Adequacy, Representativeness, and Efficiency. Hundreds of papers have been written on this theme, and several different kinds of software program have been developed and used around the world, making conservation planning based on these principles global in its reach and influence. Does this mean that all the science of conservation planning is over – that the discovery phase has been replaced by an engineering phase as we move from defining the rules to implementing them in the landscape? This book and the continuing growth in the literature suggest that the answer to this question is most definitely ‘no. ’ All of applied conservation can be wrapped up into a single sentence: what should be done (the action), in what place, at what time, using what mechanism, and for what outcome (the objective). It all seems pretty simple – what, where, when, how and why. However stating a problem does not mean it is easy to solve.
Book Synopsis The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment by : Jerome O. Nriagu
Download or read book The Biogeochemistry of Lead in the Environment written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by Elsevier-North-Holland Biomedical Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Statistical Methods in Water Resources by : D.R. Helsel
Download or read book Statistical Methods in Water Resources written by D.R. Helsel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-03-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on water quality and other environmental issues are being collected at an ever-increasing rate. In the past, however, the techniques used by scientists to interpret this data have not progressed as quickly. This is a book of modern statistical methods for analysis of practical problems in water quality and water resources.The last fifteen years have seen major advances in the fields of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and robust statistical methods. The 'real-life' characteristics of environmental data tend to drive analysis towards the use of these methods. These advances are presented in a practical and relevant format. Alternate methods are compared, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each as applied to environmental data. Techniques for trend analysis and dealing with water below the detection limit are topics covered, which are of great interest to consultants in water-quality and hydrology, scientists in state, provincial and federal water resources, and geological survey agencies.The practising water resources scientist will find the worked examples using actual field data from case studies of environmental problems, of real value. Exercises at the end of each chapter enable the mechanics of the methodological process to be fully understood, with data sets included on diskette for easy use. The result is a book that is both up-to-date and immediately relevant to ongoing work in the environmental and water sciences.
Download or read book Isotopes written by Gunter Faure and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Sieur de Monts National Monument by : George Bucknam Dorr
Download or read book The Sieur de Monts National Monument written by George Bucknam Dorr and published by . This book was released on 1916 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
