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Download or read book Numerical Model of the Urban Atmosphere: Sharma, V., et al. Line source diffusion modeling and mesoscale wind field written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vinaya Sharma
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Modelling of Air Pollution in an Urban Atmosphere written by Vinaya Sharma and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A. Gyr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401585474
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Diffusion and Transport of Pollutants in Atmospheric Mesoscale Flow Fields written by A. Gyr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In regions as densely populated as Western Europe, prediction of the ecological implications of pollutant transport are important in order to minimise damage in the case of accidents, and to evaluate the possible influence of existing or planned sources. In most cases, such predictions depend on high-speed computation. The present textbook presents a mathematically explicit introduction in eight chapters: 1: An introduction to the basics of fluid dynamics of the atmosphere and the local events and mesoscale processes. 2: The types of PDEs describing atmospheric flows for limited area models, the problem of appropriate boundary conditions describing the topographical constraints, and well-posedness. 3: Thermodynamics of the atmosphere, dry and wet, its stability, and radiation processes, budgets and the influence of their sum. 4: Scaling and similarity laws for stable and convective turbulent atmospheric boundary layers and the influence of inhomogeneous terrain on the advection and the vertical dispersion, and the method of large eddy simulation. 5: Statistical processes in turbulent dispersion, turbulent diffusion and chemical reactions in fluxes. 6: Theoretical modelling of diffusion and dispersion of pollutant gases. 7: The influence of urban heat production on local climate. 8: Atmospheric inversion layers and lapping inversion, the stable boundary layer and nocturnal inversion.
Author : Tetsuji Yamada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book A Three-dimensional Second-order Closure Numerical Model of Mesoscale Circulations in the Lower Atmosphere written by Tetsuji Yamada and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Beniston
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642587879
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)
Download or read book From Turbulence to Climate written by Martin Beniston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers aspects of numerical modeling of the atmosphere and climate from the microscales of turbulence to the very large scales associated with climate and climatic change. Each of the three major spatio-temporal scales of the atmosphere, namely, the microscale, the mesoscale, and the macroscale is addressed through a hierarchy of models. Results of model simulations are illustrated throughout the text, with many of these examples based on the author's original research work. For each type of model discussed here, the theoretical background, including governing equation sets, simplifying assumptions, and advantages and limits of the models, is provided. The topic of coupled, or nested, modeling systems as a promising approach to air pllution embedded in regional atmospheric flows, as well as to the regional atmospheric response to global climate forcings, is also addressed. An attempt is made throughout the book to highlight the highly interdisciplinary nature of atmospheric modeling, particularly in those sections dealing with climatic change issues.
Author : Alexander Baklanov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642002986
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Meteorological and Air Quality Models for Urban Areas written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-26 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book for the first time gives an overall view of the current situation in urbanization of meteorological and air quality models around the world. It discusses and makes recommendations on the best practice and strategy for urbanization of different types of meteorological and air quality models. Based on the selected presentations given at the COST728 workshop, the contributions are arranged in four parts: urban morphology and databases; parameterizations of urban canopy; strategy for urbanization of different types of models; and evaluation and city case studies / field studies. The chapters treat either dynamic (on wind and turbulent) and thermal effects (on temperature and energy in general). The final chapter of this volume summarizes the discussion and conclusions from the four main topics and provides recommendations and future requirements. This monograph is oriented towards numerical weather prediction and air quality modelling communities.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Proceedings of Symposium on Multiple-Source Urban Diffusion Models written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pandurangappa C.
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659125850
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Air Pollution Problems with Chemical Reaction and Mesoscale Winds written by Pandurangappa C. and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comprehensive two dimensional advection-diffusion numerical models for primary and secondary pollutants of an urban area source and point source with mesoscale wind are presented. The different removal mechanisms of the primary and secondary pollutants have been taken into account through different parameters like (i) removal by chemical reaction of chemically reactive primary pollutants (ii) removal by means of gravitational settling of larger particles (iii) removal by wet deposition by means of rainout/washout (iv) removal by dry deposition due to absorption by ground surface terrain and (v) leakage of some amount of pollutants through the mixing height of atmospheric boundary layer. More realistic form of variable large and mesoscale wind velocities and eddy diffusivity profiles are considered.
Author : R. L. Drake
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Mathematical Models for Atmospheric Pollutants written by R. L. Drake and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Peter H. Lauritzen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364211640X
Total Pages : 570 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)
Download or read book Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models written by Peter H. Lauritzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-29 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys recent developments in numerical techniques for global atmospheric models. It is based upon a collection of lectures prepared by leading experts in the field. The chapters reveal the multitude of steps that determine the global atmospheric model design. They encompass the choice of the equation set, computational grids on the sphere, horizontal and vertical discretizations, time integration methods, filtering and diffusion mechanisms, conservation properties, tracer transport, and considerations for designing models for massively parallel computers. A reader interested in applied numerical methods but also the many facets of atmospheric modeling should find this book of particular relevance.
Author : Demetri P Lalas
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814602833
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)
Download or read book Modelling Of Atmospheric Flow Fields written by Demetri P Lalas and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of lectures given at the two colloquia on atmospheric flows over complex terrain with applications to wind energy and air pollution, organized and sponsored by ICTP in Trieste, Italy. The colloquia were the result of the recognition of the importance of renewable energy sources, an important aspect which grows yearly as the environmental problems become more pronounced and their effects more direct and intense, while at the same time, the wise management of the Earth's evidently limited resources becomes imperative.It is divided into two main parts. The first, which comprises Chaps. 1 to 4, presents the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer with emphasis in the region adjacent to the ground. The second, Chaps. 5 to 10, discusses methods for the numerical computation of the wind field on an arbitrary terrain. The unique feature of this book is that it does not stop at the theoretical exposition of the analytical and numerical techniques but includes a number of codes, in a diskette, where the mechanisms and techniques presented in the main part are implemented and can be run by the reader. Some of the codes are of instructional value while others can be utilized for simple operational work.Some of the lecturers are: D N Asimakopoulos, C I Aspliden, V R Barros, A K Blackadar, G A Dalu, A de Baas, D Etling, G Furlan, D P Lalas, P J Mason, C F Ratto and F B Smith.
Author : Roger A. Pielke
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 632 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling written by Roger A. Pielke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1984-07-28 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To effectively utilize mesoscale dynamical simulations of the atmosphere, it is necessary to have an understanding the basic physical and mathematical foundations of the models and to have an appreciation of how a particular atmospheric system works. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling provides such an overview of mesoscale numerical modeling. Starting with fundamental concepts, this text can be used to evaluate the scientific basis of any simulation model that has been or will be developed. Basic material is provided for the beginner as well as more in-depth treatment for the specialist. This text is useful to both the practitioner and the researcher of the mesoscale phenomena.
Author : Ranjeet S. Sokhi
Publisher : Anthem Press
ISBN 13 : 1783088281
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Mesoscale Modelling for Meteorological and Air Pollution Applications written by Ranjeet S. Sokhi and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Mesoscale Modelling for Meteorological and Air Pollution Applications’ combines the fundamental and practical aspects of mesoscale air pollution and meteorological modelling. Providing an overview of the fundamental concepts of air pollution and meteorological modelling, including parameterization of key atmospheric processes, the book also considers equally important aspects such as model integration, evaluation concepts, performance evaluation, policy relevance and user training.
Download or read book Validation of an Urban Parameterization in a Mesoscale Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atmospheric Science Division at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory uses the Naval Research Laboratory's Couple Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS) for both operations and research. COAMPS is a non-hydrostatic model, designed as a multi-scale simulation system ranging from synoptic down to meso, storm and local terrain scales. As model resolution increases, the forcing due to small-scale complex terrain features including urban structures and surfaces, intensifies. An urban parameterization has been added to the Naval Research Laboratory's mesoscale model, COAMPS. The parameterization attempts to incorporate the effects of buildings and urban surfaces without explicitly resolving them, and includes modeling the mean flow to turbulence energy exchange, radiative transfer, the surface energy budget, and the addition of anthropogenic heat. The Chemical and Biological National Security Program's (CBNP) URBAN field experiment was designed to collect data to validate numerical models over a range of length and time scales. The experiment was conducted in Salt Lake City in October 2000. The scales ranged from circulation around single buildings to flow in the entire Salt Lake basin. Data from the field experiment includes tracer data as well as observations of mean and turbulence atmospheric parameters. Wind and turbulence predictions from COAMPS are used to drive a Lagrangian particle model, the Livermore Operational Dispersion Integrator (LODI). Simulations with COAMPS and LODI are used to test the sensitivity to the urban parameterization. Data from the field experiment, including the tracer data and the atmospheric parameters, are also used to validate the urban parameterization.
Author : Xiaoxue Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781361033593
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (335 download)
Download or read book Exploring City-Scale Thermal and Wind Environments written by Xiaoxue Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Exploring City-scale Thermal and Wind Environments" by Xiaoxue, Wang, 王霄雪, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: All buildings and streets are connected in terms of climate and environment in large cities, which establishes a complex urban climate problem. Currently, one neither should design a building in a city in isolation nor include all buildings when designing a new one. A new numerical approach is thus required, which can simulate the flows around several buildings, the whole urban domain, and beyond. This is a great challenge as it needs to consider the influence of the mesoscale atmosphere, microscale physics, and their interactions. Existing mesoscale or microscale models alone cannot achieve this. Integration of the two models is unsatisfactory for two-way coupling. In this thesis, I propose a new approach referred to as city-scale computational fluid dynamics (CSCFD), which modifies the governing equations and turbulence models in traditional CFD to include both length scales, and which adopts a coordinate transformation to consider the compressibility effect. A porous turbulence model is used to simultaneously investigate the wind environment in the entire city and predict detailed flow field around several buildings. An absorbing layer, common in mesoscale models, has been introduced to suppress numerical instability, while an analytical surface temperature is calculated for the new surface temperature boundary condition to save computational time, compared to coupling the heat balance equation in CFD. The CSCFD approach was evaluated by comparing it with existing results from laboratory experiments, field experiments and appropriate numerical models, including prediction of the low-aspect-ratio plumes in an ideal city, the overall air flow of the "porous" model, and the diurnal thermal flows driven by buoyancy forces. The approach successfully simulated complex urban heat island circulation (UHIC) in full scale. A computational domain with substantial resolution variations was created and evaluated, which mainly consisted of the fully-resolved and porous areas. Although all the buildings and their intervals were not fully resolved, the major characteristics of the airflow were reasonably provided. In this study, I analysed the structure and evolution of the UHIC when the city is a homogeneous flat surface and a homogeneous porous medium. In the 'porous city', wind decreased, but it was also induced when synoptic wind is calm. The existence of the porous layer changes the UHIC-induced plume due to the following: The porous layer height affects the entrainment of the lower part, and the porosity alters its shape. The sensible heat flux is dominant in influencing the strength of UHIC. A comprehensive case study was carried out to demonstrate the viability of the CSCFD in simulating the diurnal environment around a building in the mesoscale domain. The quality of the performance and its moderate complexity demonstrate the feasibility of CSCFD for urban planning and for analysis of a range of urban environmental problems. Additionally, the street air temperature was measured by the vehicle traverse method in Hong Kong for 15 days in summer and winter. A street air warming phenomenon was observed and analysed. However, I haven't yet validated CSCFD using this data. Further fundamental development and evaluation of the CSCFD is still needed. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5481871 Subjects: Urban climatology
Author : Nicolas Moussiopoulos
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662052172
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Air Quality in Cities written by Nicolas Moussiopoulos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban areas are major sources of air pollution. Pollutant emissions affecting air quality in cities are considered to have adverse consequences for human health. Public and government concern about environmental issues arising from urban air pollution has increased over the last decades. The urban air pollution problem is widespread throughout the world and it is important to find ways of eliminating or at least reducing the risks for human health. The fundamentals of the physical and chemical processes occurring during air pollutant transport in the atmosphere are nowadays understood to a large extent. In particular, modelling of such processes has experienced a remarkable growth in the last decades. Monitoring capabilities have also improved markedly in the most urban areas around the world. However, neither modelling nor monitoring can solve urban air pollution problems, as they are only a first step in improving useful information for future regulations. The defining of efficient control strategies can not be achieved without a clear knowledge of the complete pollution process, i.e. emission, atmospheric transport and transformation, and deposition at the receptor. Improving our ability to establish valid urban scale source-receptor relation ships has been the objective of SA TURN, one of the 14 subprojects of EURO TRAC-2. Similar to the other subprojects of this co-ordinated environmental pro ject within the EUREKA initiative, SA TURN brought together international groups of scientists to work on problems directly related to atmospheric chemistry and physics. The present volume summarises the scientific results of SATURN.
Author : Michael M. Benarie
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349036390
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (49 download)
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution Modelling written by Michael M. Benarie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the methods, models and formulae used for estimating air pollution concentrations in urban areas. From the ForewordThe visible effects of pollution in most cities in the developed countries have been reduced dramatically in the past thirty years. This has been achieved to a large extent by the replacement of most of the low-level sources, which burnt raw coal, by more modern appliances using gas, electricity or low-sulphur oil. The killer smog of 1952 could not be repeated unless there were to be a massive return to old-fashioned heating methods, due, for example, to excessive environmental constraints being applied to the more modern energy sources. It is important, therefore, to judge the impact of a new source in terms of its effect on the pattern of existing sources. One should also consider the environmental consequences of rejecting the new installation and examine the alternatives--that its product may either be denied to the community at large, produced elsewhere or produced using existing facilities. These facilities are probably less efficient and may therefore produce more pollution per unit of product than the new plant would. An objective, quantitative, urban-air-pollution model is clearly an essential component in such a decision-making process. Dr. Benarie has produced a distillation of existing modelling techniques which will, I hope, become the launching pad for many future models. As each city is unique, it will need its own tailor-made model, drawing on the best and the most appropriate techniques developed previously. Agreement with observations is the only real test of validity, because the physics and chemistry are so complicated that theoretical arguments are reduced to the role of assisting in the best formulation of the problem. Numerical precision must always rely on measurement. This is the approach that Dr. Benarie has adopted.--David J. Moore, Central Electricity Research Laboratires, Leatherhead, Surrey, UK.
